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iokit/Kernel/IOMemoryDescriptor.cpp xnu-792 xnu-124.1
--- xnu/xnu-792/iokit/Kernel/IOMemoryDescriptor.cpp
+++ xnu/xnu-124.1/iokit/Kernel/IOMemoryDescriptor.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 1998-2004 Apple Computer, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 1998-2000 Apple Computer, Inc. All rights reserved.
  *
  * @APPLE_LICENSE_HEADER_START@
  * 
@@ -25,283 +25,44 @@
  * HISTORY
  *
  */
-// 45678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890
-#include <sys/cdefs.h>
 
 #include <IOKit/assert.h>
 #include <IOKit/system.h>
 #include <IOKit/IOLib.h>
 #include <IOKit/IOMemoryDescriptor.h>
-#include <IOKit/IOMapper.h>
-#include <IOKit/IOKitKeysPrivate.h>
 
 #include <IOKit/IOKitDebug.h>
 
-#include "IOKitKernelInternal.h"
-
 #include <libkern/c++/OSContainers.h>
-#include <libkern/c++/OSDictionary.h>
-#include <libkern/c++/OSArray.h>
-#include <libkern/c++/OSSymbol.h>
-#include <libkern/c++/OSNumber.h>
-
-#include <sys/uio.h>
+#include <sys/cdefs.h>
 
 __BEGIN_DECLS
 #include <vm/pmap.h>
-#include <vm/vm_pageout.h>
-#include <vm/vm_shared_memory_server.h>
-#include <mach/memory_object_types.h>
-#include <device/device_port.h>
-
-#ifndef i386
-#include <mach/vm_prot.h>
-#include <vm/vm_fault.h>
-struct phys_entry      *pmap_find_physentry(ppnum_t pa);
-#endif
-
-extern ppnum_t pmap_find_phys(pmap_t pmap, addr64_t va);
+void pmap_enter(pmap_t pmap, vm_offset_t va, vm_offset_t pa,
+                vm_prot_t prot, boolean_t wired);
 void ipc_port_release_send(ipc_port_t port);
-
-/* Copy between a physical page and a virtual address in the given vm_map */
-kern_return_t copypv(addr64_t source, addr64_t sink, unsigned int size, int which);
-
-memory_object_t
-device_pager_setup(
-	memory_object_t	pager,
-	int		device_handle,
-	vm_size_t	size,
-	int		flags);
-void
-device_pager_deallocate(
-        memory_object_t);
-kern_return_t
-device_pager_populate_object(
-	memory_object_t		pager,
-	vm_object_offset_t	offset,
-	ppnum_t			phys_addr,
-	vm_size_t		size);
-kern_return_t
-memory_object_iopl_request(
-	ipc_port_t		port,
-	memory_object_offset_t	offset,
-	vm_size_t		*upl_size,
-	upl_t			*upl_ptr,
-	upl_page_info_array_t	user_page_list,
-	unsigned int		*page_list_count,
-	int			*flags);
-
-unsigned int  IOTranslateCacheBits(struct phys_entry *pp);
-
+vm_offset_t vm_map_get_phys_page(vm_map_t map, vm_offset_t offset);
 __END_DECLS
 
-#define kIOMaximumMappedIOByteCount	(512*1024*1024)
-
-static IOMapper * gIOSystemMapper;
-static ppnum_t	  gIOMaximumMappedIOPageCount = atop_32(kIOMaximumMappedIOByteCount);
-
 /* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */
 
-OSDefineMetaClassAndAbstractStructors( IOMemoryDescriptor, OSObject )
+OSDefineMetaClass( IOMemoryDescriptor, OSObject )
+OSDefineAbstractStructors( IOMemoryDescriptor, OSObject )
 
 #define super IOMemoryDescriptor
 
 OSDefineMetaClassAndStructors(IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor, IOMemoryDescriptor)
 
+extern "C" vm_map_t IOPageableMapForAddress( vm_address_t address );
+
 /* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */
 
-static IORecursiveLock * gIOMemoryLock;
-
-#define LOCK	IORecursiveLockLock( gIOMemoryLock)
-#define UNLOCK	IORecursiveLockUnlock( gIOMemoryLock)
-#define SLEEP	IORecursiveLockSleep( gIOMemoryLock, (void *)this, THREAD_UNINT)
-#define WAKEUP	\
-    IORecursiveLockWakeup( gIOMemoryLock, (void *)this, /* one-thread */ false)
-
-/* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */
-
-class _IOMemoryMap : public IOMemoryMap
-{
-    OSDeclareDefaultStructors(_IOMemoryMap)
-public:
-    IOMemoryDescriptor * memory;
-    IOMemoryMap *	superMap;
-    IOByteCount		offset;
-    IOByteCount		length;
-    IOVirtualAddress	logical;
-    task_t		addressTask;
-    vm_map_t		addressMap;
-    IOOptionBits	options;
-    upl_t		redirUPL;
-    ipc_port_t		redirEntry;
-    IOMemoryDescriptor * owner;
-
-protected:
-    virtual void taggedRelease(const void *tag = 0) const;
-    virtual void free();
-
-public:
-
-    // IOMemoryMap methods
-    virtual IOVirtualAddress 	getVirtualAddress();
-    virtual IOByteCount 	getLength();
-    virtual task_t		getAddressTask();
-    virtual IOMemoryDescriptor * getMemoryDescriptor();
-    virtual IOOptionBits 	getMapOptions();
-
-    virtual IOReturn 		unmap();
-    virtual void 		taskDied();
-
-    virtual IOReturn		redirect(IOMemoryDescriptor * newBackingMemory,
-					 IOOptionBits         options,
-					 IOByteCount          offset = 0);
-
-    virtual IOPhysicalAddress 	getPhysicalSegment(IOByteCount offset,
-	       					   IOByteCount * length);
-
-    // for IOMemoryDescriptor use
-    _IOMemoryMap * copyCompatible(
-		IOMemoryDescriptor *	owner,
-                task_t			intoTask,
-                IOVirtualAddress	toAddress,
-                IOOptionBits		options,
-                IOByteCount		offset,
-                IOByteCount		length );
-
-    bool initCompatible(
-	IOMemoryDescriptor *	memory,
-	IOMemoryMap *		superMap,
-        IOByteCount		offset,
-        IOByteCount		length );
-
-    bool initWithDescriptor(
-	IOMemoryDescriptor *	memory,
-	task_t			intoTask,
-	IOVirtualAddress	toAddress,
-	IOOptionBits		options,
-        IOByteCount		offset,
-        IOByteCount		length );
-
-    IOReturn redirect(
-	task_t			intoTask, bool redirect );
-};
-
-/* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */
-
-// Some data structures and accessor macros used by the initWithOptions
-// Function
-
-enum ioPLBlockFlags {
-    kIOPLOnDevice  = 0x00000001,
-    kIOPLExternUPL = 0x00000002,
-};
-
-struct typePersMDData
-{
-    const IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor *fMD;
-    ipc_port_t fMemEntry;
-};
-
-struct ioPLBlock {
-    upl_t fIOPL;
-    vm_address_t fIOMDOffset;	// The offset of this iopl in descriptor
-    vm_offset_t fPageInfo;	// Pointer to page list or index into it
-    ppnum_t fMappedBase;	// Page number of first page in this iopl
-    unsigned int fPageOffset;	// Offset within first page of iopl
-    unsigned int fFlags;	// Flags
-};
-
-struct ioGMDData {
-    IOMapper *fMapper;
-    unsigned int fPageCnt;
-    upl_page_info_t fPageList[];
-    ioPLBlock fBlocks[];
-};
-
-#define getDataP(osd)	((ioGMDData *) (osd)->getBytesNoCopy())
-#define getIOPLList(d)	((ioPLBlock *) &(d->fPageList[d->fPageCnt]))
-#define getNumIOPL(osd, d)	\
-    (((osd)->getLength() - ((char *) getIOPLList(d) - (char *) d)) / sizeof(ioPLBlock))
-#define getPageList(d)	(&(d->fPageList[0]))
-#define computeDataSize(p, u) \
-    (sizeof(ioGMDData) + p * sizeof(upl_page_info_t) + u * sizeof(ioPLBlock))
-
-
-/* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */
-
-#define next_page(a) ( trunc_page_32(a) + PAGE_SIZE )
-
-
-extern "C" {
-
-kern_return_t device_data_action(
-               int                     device_handle, 
-               ipc_port_t              device_pager,
-               vm_prot_t               protection, 
-               vm_object_offset_t      offset, 
-               vm_size_t               size)
-{
-    struct ExpansionData {
-        void *				devicePager;
-        unsigned int			pagerContig:1;
-        unsigned int			unused:31;
-	IOMemoryDescriptor *		memory;
-    };
-    kern_return_t	 kr;
-    ExpansionData *      ref = (ExpansionData *) device_handle;
-    IOMemoryDescriptor * memDesc;
-
-    LOCK;
-    memDesc = ref->memory;
-    if( memDesc)
-    {
-	memDesc->retain();
-	kr = memDesc->handleFault( device_pager, 0, 0,
-                offset, size, kIOMapDefaultCache /*?*/);
-	memDesc->release();
-    }
+inline vm_map_t IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::getMapForTask( task_t task, vm_address_t address )
+{
+    if( (task == kernel_task) && (kIOMemoryRequiresWire & _flags))
+        return( IOPageableMapForAddress( address ) );
     else
-	kr = KERN_ABORTED;
-    UNLOCK;
-
-    return( kr );
-}
-
-kern_return_t device_close(
-               int     device_handle)
-{
-    struct ExpansionData {
-        void *				devicePager;
-        unsigned int			pagerContig:1;
-        unsigned int			unused:31;
-	IOMemoryDescriptor *		memory;
-    };
-    ExpansionData *   ref = (ExpansionData *) device_handle;
-
-    IODelete( ref, ExpansionData, 1 );
-
-    return( kIOReturnSuccess );
-}
-};	// end extern "C"
-
-// Note this inline function uses C++ reference arguments to return values
-// This means that pointers are not passed and NULLs don't have to be
-// checked for as a NULL reference is illegal.
-static inline void
-getAddrLenForInd(user_addr_t &addr, IOPhysicalLength &len, // Output variables
-     UInt32 type, IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::Ranges r, UInt32 ind)
-{
-    assert(kIOMemoryTypePhysical == type || kIOMemoryTypeUIO == type
-	|| kIOMemoryTypeVirtual  == type);
-    if (kIOMemoryTypeUIO == type) {
-	user_size_t us;
-	uio_getiov((uio_t) r.uio, ind, &addr, &us); len = us;
-    }
-    else {
-	IOVirtualRange cur = r.v[ind];
-	addr = cur.address;
-	len  = cur.length;
-    }
+        return( get_task_map( task ));
 }
 
 /* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */
@@ -315,23 +76,30 @@
  */
 IOMemoryDescriptor *
 IOMemoryDescriptor::withAddress(void *      address,
-                                IOByteCount   length,
-                                IODirection direction)
-{
-    return IOMemoryDescriptor::
-        withAddress((vm_address_t) address, length, direction, kernel_task);
+                                IOByteCount   withLength,
+                                IODirection withDirection)
+{
+    IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor * that = new IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor;
+    if (that)
+    {
+	if (that->initWithAddress(address, withLength, withDirection))
+	    return that;
+
+        that->release();
+    }
+    return 0;
 }
 
 IOMemoryDescriptor *
 IOMemoryDescriptor::withAddress(vm_address_t address,
-                                IOByteCount  length,
-                                IODirection  direction,
-                                task_t       task)
+                                IOByteCount  withLength,
+                                IODirection  withDirection,
+                                task_t       withTask)
 {
     IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor * that = new IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor;
     if (that)
     {
-	if (that->initWithAddress(address, length, direction, task))
+	if (that->initWithAddress(address, withLength, withDirection, withTask))
 	    return that;
 
         that->release();
@@ -342,89 +110,50 @@
 IOMemoryDescriptor *
 IOMemoryDescriptor::withPhysicalAddress(
 				IOPhysicalAddress	address,
-				IOByteCount		length,
-				IODirection      	direction )
-{
-    IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor *self = new IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor;
-    if (self
-    && !self->initWithPhysicalAddress(address, length, direction)) {
-        self->release();
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    return self;
-}
-
+				IOByteCount		withLength,
+				IODirection      	withDirection )
+{
+    return( IOMemoryDescriptor::withAddress( address, withLength,
+					withDirection, (task_t) 0  ));
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * withRanges:
+ *
+ * Create a new IOMemoryDescriptor. The buffer is made up of several
+ * virtual address ranges, from a given task.
+ *
+ * Passing the ranges as a reference will avoid an extra allocation.
+ */
 IOMemoryDescriptor *
 IOMemoryDescriptor::withRanges(	IOVirtualRange * ranges,
 				UInt32           withCount,
-				IODirection      direction,
-				task_t           task,
-				bool             asReference)
+				IODirection      withDirection,
+				task_t           withTask,
+				bool             asReference = false)
 {
     IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor * that = new IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor;
     if (that)
     {
-	if (that->initWithRanges(ranges, withCount, direction, task, asReference))
+	if (that->initWithRanges(ranges, withCount, withDirection, withTask, asReference))
 	    return that;
 
         that->release();
     }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-
-/*
- * withRanges:
- *
- * Create a new IOMemoryDescriptor. The buffer is made up of several
- * virtual address ranges, from a given task.
- *
- * Passing the ranges as a reference will avoid an extra allocation.
- */
-IOMemoryDescriptor *
-IOMemoryDescriptor::withOptions(void *		buffers,
-                                UInt32		count,
-                                UInt32		offset,
-                                task_t		task,
-                                IOOptionBits	opts,
-                                IOMapper *	mapper)
-{
-    IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor *self = new IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor;
-
-    if (self
-    && !self->initWithOptions(buffers, count, offset, task, opts, mapper))
-    {
-        self->release();
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    return self;
-}
-
-// Can't leave abstract but this should never be used directly,
-bool IOMemoryDescriptor::initWithOptions(void *		buffers,
-                                         UInt32		count,
-                                         UInt32		offset,
-                                         task_t		task,
-                                         IOOptionBits	options,
-                                         IOMapper *	mapper)
-{
-    // @@@ gvdl: Should I panic?
-    panic("IOMD::initWithOptions called\n");
     return 0;
 }
 
 IOMemoryDescriptor *
 IOMemoryDescriptor::withPhysicalRanges(	IOPhysicalRange * ranges,
                                         UInt32          withCount,
-                                        IODirection     direction,
-                                        bool            asReference)
+                                        IODirection     withDirection,
+                                        bool            asReference = false)
 {
     IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor * that = new IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor;
     if (that)
     {
-	if (that->initWithPhysicalRanges(ranges, withCount, direction, asReference))
+	if (that->initWithPhysicalRanges(ranges, withCount, withDirection, asReference))
 	    return that;
 
         that->release();
@@ -436,96 +165,15 @@
 IOMemoryDescriptor::withSubRange(IOMemoryDescriptor *	of,
 				IOByteCount		offset,
 				IOByteCount		length,
-				IODirection		direction)
-{
-    IOSubMemoryDescriptor *self = new IOSubMemoryDescriptor;
-
-    if (self && !self->initSubRange(of, offset, length, direction)) {
-        self->release();
-	self = 0;
-    }
-    return self;
-}
-
-IOMemoryDescriptor * IOMemoryDescriptor::
-    withPersistentMemoryDescriptor(IOMemoryDescriptor *originalMD)
-{
-    IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor *origGenMD = 
-	OSDynamicCast(IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor, originalMD);
-
-    if (origGenMD)
-	return IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::
-	    withPersistentMemoryDescriptor(origGenMD);
-    else
-	return 0;
-}
-
-IOMemoryDescriptor * IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::
-    withPersistentMemoryDescriptor(IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor *originalMD)
-{
-    ipc_port_t sharedMem = (ipc_port_t) originalMD->createNamedEntry();
-
-    if (!sharedMem)
-	return 0;
-   
-    if (sharedMem == originalMD->_memEntry) {
-	originalMD->retain();		    // Add a new reference to ourselves
-	ipc_port_release_send(sharedMem);   // Remove extra send right
-	return originalMD;
-    }
-
-    IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor * self = new IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor;
-    typePersMDData initData = { originalMD, sharedMem };
-
-    if (self
-    && !self->initWithOptions(&initData, 1, 0, 0, kIOMemoryTypePersistentMD, 0)) {
-        self->release();
-	self = 0;
-    }
-    return self;
-}
-
-void *IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::createNamedEntry()
-{
-    kern_return_t error;
-    ipc_port_t sharedMem;
-
-    IOOptionBits type = _flags & kIOMemoryTypeMask;
-
-    user_addr_t range0Addr;
-    IOByteCount range0Len;
-    getAddrLenForInd(range0Addr, range0Len, type, _ranges, 0);
-    range0Addr = trunc_page_64(range0Addr);
-
-    vm_size_t size = ptoa_32(_pages);
-    vm_address_t kernelPage = (vm_address_t) range0Addr;
-
-    vm_map_t theMap = ((_task == kernel_task)
-			&& (kIOMemoryBufferPageable & _flags)) 
-		    ? IOPageableMapForAddress(kernelPage)
-		    : get_task_map(_task);
-
-    memory_object_size_t  actualSize = size;
-    vm_prot_t prot = VM_PROT_READ | VM_PROT_WRITE;
-    if (_memEntry)
-	prot |= MAP_MEM_NAMED_REUSE;
-
-    error = mach_make_memory_entry_64(theMap,
-	    &actualSize, range0Addr, prot, &sharedMem, (ipc_port_t) _memEntry);
-
-    if (KERN_SUCCESS == error) {
-	if (actualSize == size) {
-	    return sharedMem;
-	} else {
-#if IOASSERT
-	    IOLog("IOGMD::mach_make_memory_entry_64 (%08llx) size (%08lx:%08x)\n",
-			(UInt64)range0Addr, (UInt32)actualSize, size);
-#endif    
-	    ipc_port_release_send( sharedMem );
-	}
-    }
-
-    return MACH_PORT_NULL;
+				IODirection		withDirection)
+{
+    IOSubMemoryDescriptor * that = new IOSubMemoryDescriptor;
+
+    if (that && !that->initSubRange(of, offset, length, withDirection)) {
+        that->release();
+	that = 0;
+    }
+    return that;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -575,120 +223,29 @@
     return initWithPhysicalRanges( &_singleRange.p, 1, withDirection, true);
 }
 
-bool
-IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::initWithPhysicalRanges(
-                                IOPhysicalRange * ranges,
-                                UInt32            count,
-                                IODirection       direction,
-                                bool              reference)
-{
-    IOOptionBits mdOpts = direction | kIOMemoryTypePhysical;
-
-    if (reference)
-        mdOpts |= kIOMemoryAsReference;
-
-    return initWithOptions(ranges, count, 0, 0, mdOpts, /* mapper */ 0);
-}
-
+/*
+ * initWithRanges:
+ *
+ * Initialize an IOMemoryDescriptor. The buffer is made up of several
+ * virtual address ranges, from a given task
+ *
+ * Passing the ranges as a reference will avoid an extra allocation.
+ *
+ * An IOMemoryDescriptor can be re-used by calling initWithAddress or
+ * initWithRanges again on an existing instance -- note this behavior
+ * is not commonly supported in other I/O Kit classes, although it is
+ * supported here.
+ */
 bool
 IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::initWithRanges(
                                    IOVirtualRange * ranges,
-                                   UInt32           count,
-                                   IODirection      direction,
-                                   task_t           task,
-                                   bool             reference)
-{
-    IOOptionBits mdOpts = direction;
-
-    if (reference)
-        mdOpts |= kIOMemoryAsReference;
-
-    if (task) {
-        mdOpts |= kIOMemoryTypeVirtual;
-
-	// Auto-prepare if this is a kernel memory descriptor as very few
-	// clients bother to prepare() kernel memory.
-	// But it was not  enforced so what are you going to do?
-        if (task == kernel_task)
-            mdOpts |= kIOMemoryAutoPrepare;
-    }
-    else
-        mdOpts |= kIOMemoryTypePhysical;
-    
-    return initWithOptions(ranges, count, 0, task, mdOpts, /* mapper */ 0);
-}
-
-/*
- * initWithOptions:
- *
- *  IOMemoryDescriptor. The buffer is made up of several virtual address ranges,
- * from a given task, several physical ranges, an UPL from the ubc
- * system or a uio (may be 64bit) from the BSD subsystem.
- *
- * Passing the ranges as a reference will avoid an extra allocation.
- *
- * An IOMemoryDescriptor can be re-used by calling initWithOptions again on an
- * existing instance -- note this behavior is not commonly supported in other
- * I/O Kit classes, although it is supported here.
- */
-
-bool
-IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::initWithOptions(void *	buffers,
-                                           UInt32	count,
-                                           UInt32	offset,
-                                           task_t	task,
-                                           IOOptionBits	options,
-                                           IOMapper *	mapper)
-{
-    IOOptionBits type = options & kIOMemoryTypeMask;
-
-    // Grab the original MD's configuation data to initialse the
-    // arguments to this function.
-    if (kIOMemoryTypePersistentMD == type) {
-
-	typePersMDData *initData = (typePersMDData *) buffers;
-	const IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor *orig = initData->fMD;
-	ioGMDData *dataP = getDataP(orig->_memoryEntries);
-
-	// Only accept persistent memory descriptors with valid dataP data.
-	assert(orig->_rangesCount == 1);
-	if ( !(orig->_flags & kIOMemoryPersistent) || !dataP)
-	    return false;
-
-	_memEntry = initData->fMemEntry;	// Grab the new named entry
-	options = orig->_flags | kIOMemoryAsReference; 
-	_singleRange = orig->_singleRange;	// Initialise our range
-	buffers = &_singleRange;
-	count = 1;
-
-	// Now grab the original task and whatever mapper was previously used
-	task = orig->_task;
-	mapper = dataP->fMapper;
-
-	// We are ready to go through the original initialisation now
-    }
-
-    switch (type) {
-    case kIOMemoryTypeUIO:
-    case kIOMemoryTypeVirtual:
-        assert(task);
-        if (!task)
-            return false;
-        else
-            break;
-
-    case kIOMemoryTypePhysical:		// Neither Physical nor UPL should have a task
-	mapper = kIOMapperNone;
-
-    case kIOMemoryTypeUPL:
-        assert(!task);
-        break;
-    default:
-        return false;	/* bad argument */
-    }
-
-    assert(buffers);
-    assert(count);
+                                   UInt32           withCount,
+                                   IODirection      withDirection,
+                                   task_t           withTask,
+                                   bool             asReference = false)
+{
+    assert(ranges);
+    assert(withCount);
 
     /*
      * We can check the _initialized  instance variable before having ever set
@@ -696,11 +253,19 @@
      * variables are zeroed on an object's allocation.
      */
 
-    if (_initialized) {
+    if (_initialized == false)
+    {
+        if (super::init() == false)  return false;
+        _initialized = true;
+    }
+    else
+    {
         /*
          * An existing memory descriptor is being retargeted to point to
          * somewhere else.  Clean up our present state.
          */
+
+        assert(_wireCount == 0);
 
         while (_wireCount)
             complete();
@@ -708,156 +273,55 @@
             unmapFromKernel();
         if (_ranges.v && _rangesIsAllocated)
             IODelete(_ranges.v, IOVirtualRange, _rangesCount);
-	if (_memEntry)
-	    { ipc_port_release_send((ipc_port_t) _memEntry); _memEntry = 0; }
-    }
-    else {
-        if (!super::init())
-            return false;
-        _initialized = true;
-    }
-
-    // Grab the appropriate mapper
-    if (mapper == kIOMapperNone)
-        mapper = 0;	// No Mapper
-    else if (!mapper) {
-        IOMapper::checkForSystemMapper();
-        gIOSystemMapper = mapper = IOMapper::gSystem;
-    }
-
-    // Remove the dynamic internal use flags from the initial setting
-    options 		  &= ~(kIOMemoryPreparedReadOnly);
-    _flags		   = options;
-    _task                  = task;
-
-    // DEPRECATED variable initialisation
-    _direction             = (IODirection) (_flags & kIOMemoryDirectionMask);
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Initialize the memory descriptor.
+     */
+
+    _ranges.v              = 0;
+    _rangesCount           = withCount;
+    _rangesIsAllocated     = asReference ? false : true;
+    _direction             = withDirection;
+    _length                = 0;
+    _task                  = withTask;
     _position              = 0;
+    _positionAtIndex       = 0;
+    _positionAtOffset      = 0;
     _kernPtrAligned        = 0;
     _cachedPhysicalAddress = 0;
     _cachedVirtualAddress  = 0;
-
-    if (kIOMemoryTypeUPL == type) {
-
-        ioGMDData *dataP;
-        unsigned int dataSize = computeDataSize(/* pages */ 0, /* upls */ 1);
-
-        if (!_memoryEntries) {
-            _memoryEntries = OSData::withCapacity(dataSize);
-            if (!_memoryEntries)
-                return false;
-        }
-        else if (!_memoryEntries->initWithCapacity(dataSize))
-            return false;
-
-        _memoryEntries->appendBytes(0, sizeof(ioGMDData));
-        dataP = getDataP(_memoryEntries);
-        dataP->fMapper = mapper;
-        dataP->fPageCnt = 0;
-
-        _wireCount++;	// UPLs start out life wired
-
-        _length    = count;
-        _pages    += atop_32(offset + count + PAGE_MASK) - atop_32(offset);
-
-        ioPLBlock iopl;
-        upl_page_info_t *pageList = UPL_GET_INTERNAL_PAGE_LIST((upl_t) buffers);
-
-        iopl.fIOPL = (upl_t) buffers;
-        // Set the flag kIOPLOnDevice convieniently equal to 1
-        iopl.fFlags  = pageList->device | kIOPLExternUPL;
-        iopl.fIOMDOffset = 0;
-        if (!pageList->device) {
-            // Pre-compute the offset into the UPL's page list
-            pageList = &pageList[atop_32(offset)];
-            offset &= PAGE_MASK;
-            if (mapper) {
-                iopl.fMappedBase = mapper->iovmAlloc(_pages);
-                mapper->iovmInsert(iopl.fMappedBase, 0, pageList, _pages);
-            }
-	    else
-		iopl.fMappedBase = 0;
-        }
-	else
-	    iopl.fMappedBase = 0;
-        iopl.fPageInfo = (vm_address_t) pageList;
-        iopl.fPageOffset = offset;
-
-        _memoryEntries->appendBytes(&iopl, sizeof(iopl));
-    }
-    else {
-	// kIOMemoryTypeVirtual | kIOMemoryTypeUIO | kIOMemoryTypePhysical
-	
-	// Initialize the memory descriptor
-	if (options & kIOMemoryAsReference) {
-	    _rangesIsAllocated = false;
-
-	    // Hack assignment to get the buffer arg into _ranges.
-	    // I'd prefer to do _ranges = (Ranges) buffers, but that doesn't
-	    // work, C++ sigh.
-	    // This also initialises the uio & physical ranges.
-	    _ranges.v = (IOVirtualRange *) buffers;
-	}
-	else {
-	    assert(kIOMemoryTypeUIO != type);
-
-	    _rangesIsAllocated = true;
-	    _ranges.v = IONew(IOVirtualRange, count);
-	    if (!_ranges.v)
-                return false;
-	    bcopy(buffers, _ranges.v, count * sizeof(IOVirtualRange));
-	} 
-
-	// Find starting address within the vector of ranges
-	Ranges vec = _ranges;
-	UInt32 length = 0;
-	UInt32 pages = 0;
-	for (unsigned ind = 0; ind < count;  ind++) {
-	    user_addr_t addr;
-	    UInt32 len;
-
-	    // addr & len are returned by this function
-	    getAddrLenForInd(addr, len, type, vec, ind);
-	    pages += (atop_64(addr + len + PAGE_MASK) - atop_64(addr));
-	    len += length;
-	    assert(len > length);	// Check for 32 bit wrap around
-	    length = len;
-	} 
-	_length      = length;
-	_pages       = pages;
-	_rangesCount = count;
-
-        // Auto-prepare memory at creation time.
-        // Implied completion when descriptor is free-ed
-        if (kIOMemoryTypePhysical == type)
-            _wireCount++;	// Physical MDs are, by definition, wired
-        else { /* kIOMemoryTypeVirtual | kIOMemoryTypeUIO */
-            ioGMDData *dataP;
-            unsigned dataSize = computeDataSize(_pages, /* upls */ count * 2);
-
-            if (!_memoryEntries) {
-                _memoryEntries = OSData::withCapacity(dataSize);
-                if (!_memoryEntries)
-		    return false;
-            }
-            else if (!_memoryEntries->initWithCapacity(dataSize))
-                return false;
-    
-            _memoryEntries->appendBytes(0, sizeof(ioGMDData));
-            dataP = getDataP(_memoryEntries);
-            dataP->fMapper = mapper;
-            dataP->fPageCnt = _pages;
-
-	    if ( (kIOMemoryPersistent & _flags) && !_memEntry)
-		_memEntry = createNamedEntry();
-
-            if ((_flags & kIOMemoryAutoPrepare)
-             && prepare() != kIOReturnSuccess)
-                return false;
-        }
+    _flags		   = 0;
+
+    if (withTask && (withTask != kernel_task))
+        _flags |= kIOMemoryRequiresWire;
+
+    if (asReference)
+        _ranges.v = ranges;
+    else
+    {
+        _ranges.v = IONew(IOVirtualRange, withCount);
+        if (_ranges.v == 0)  return false;
+        bcopy(/* from */ ranges, _ranges.v, withCount * sizeof(IOVirtualRange));
+    } 
+
+    for (unsigned index = 0; index < _rangesCount; index++)
+    {
+        _length += _ranges.v[index].length;
     }
 
     return true;
+}
+
+bool
+IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::initWithPhysicalRanges(	IOPhysicalRange * ranges,
+                                        	UInt32           withCount,
+                                        	IODirection      withDirection,
+                                        	bool             asReference = false)
+{
+#warning assuming virtual, physical addresses same size
+    return( initWithRanges( (IOVirtualRange *) ranges,
+			withCount, withDirection, (task_t) 0, asReference ));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -867,41 +331,97 @@
  */
 void IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::free()
 {
-    LOCK;
-    if( reserved)
-	reserved->memory = 0;
-    UNLOCK;
-
     while (_wireCount)
         complete();
-    if (_memoryEntries)
-        _memoryEntries->release();
-
     if (_kernPtrAligned)
         unmapFromKernel();
     if (_ranges.v && _rangesIsAllocated)
         IODelete(_ranges.v, IOVirtualRange, _rangesCount);
-
-    if (reserved && reserved->devicePager)
-	device_pager_deallocate( (memory_object_t) reserved->devicePager );
-
-    // memEntry holds a ref on the device pager which owns reserved
-    // (ExpansionData) so no reserved access after this point
-    if (_memEntry)
+    if( _memEntry)
         ipc_port_release_send( (ipc_port_t) _memEntry );
-
     super::free();
 }
 
-/* DEPRECATED */ void IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::unmapFromKernel()
-/* DEPRECATED */ {
-                    panic("IOGMD::unmapFromKernel deprecated");
-/* DEPRECATED */ }
-/* DEPRECATED */ 
-/* DEPRECATED */ void IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::mapIntoKernel(unsigned rangeIndex)
-/* DEPRECATED */ {
-                    panic("IOGMD::mapIntoKernel deprecated");
-/* DEPRECATED */ }
+void IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::unmapFromKernel()
+{
+    kern_return_t krtn;
+    vm_offset_t off;
+    // Pull the shared pages out of the task map
+    // Do we need to unwire it first?
+    for ( off = 0; off < _kernSize; off += page_size )
+    {
+	pmap_change_wiring(
+			kernel_pmap,
+			_kernPtrAligned + off,
+			FALSE);
+
+	pmap_remove(
+			kernel_pmap,
+			_kernPtrAligned + off,
+			_kernPtrAligned + off + page_size);
+    }
+    // Free the former shmem area in the task
+    krtn = vm_deallocate(kernel_map,
+			_kernPtrAligned,
+			_kernSize );
+    assert(krtn == KERN_SUCCESS);
+    _kernPtrAligned = 0;
+}
+
+void IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::mapIntoKernel(unsigned rangeIndex)
+{
+    kern_return_t krtn;
+    vm_offset_t off;
+
+    if (_kernPtrAligned)
+    {
+        if (_kernPtrAtIndex == rangeIndex)  return;
+        unmapFromKernel();
+        assert(_kernPtrAligned == 0);
+    }
+ 
+    vm_offset_t srcAlign = trunc_page(_ranges.v[rangeIndex].address);
+
+    _kernSize = trunc_page(_ranges.v[rangeIndex].address +
+                           _ranges.v[rangeIndex].length  +
+                           page_size - 1) - srcAlign;
+
+    /* Find some memory of the same size in kernel task.  We use vm_allocate()
+    to do this. vm_allocate inserts the found memory object in the
+    target task's map as a side effect. */
+    krtn = vm_allocate( kernel_map,
+	    &_kernPtrAligned,
+	    _kernSize,
+	    VM_FLAGS_ANYWHERE|VM_MAKE_TAG(VM_MEMORY_IOKIT) );  // Find first fit
+    assert(krtn == KERN_SUCCESS);
+    if(krtn)  return;
+
+    /* For each page in the area allocated from the kernel map,
+	    find the physical address of the page.
+	    Enter the page in the target task's pmap, at the
+	    appropriate target task virtual address. */
+    for ( off = 0; off < _kernSize; off += page_size )
+    {
+	vm_offset_t kern_phys_addr, phys_addr;
+	if( _task)
+	    phys_addr = pmap_extract( get_task_pmap(_task), srcAlign + off );
+	else
+	    phys_addr = srcAlign + off;
+        assert(phys_addr);
+	if(phys_addr == 0)  return;
+
+	// Check original state.
+	kern_phys_addr = pmap_extract( kernel_pmap, _kernPtrAligned + off );
+	// Set virtual page to point to the right physical one
+	pmap_enter(
+	    kernel_pmap,
+	    _kernPtrAligned + off,
+	    phys_addr,
+	    VM_PROT_READ|VM_PROT_WRITE,
+	    TRUE);
+    }
+    _kernPtrAtIndex = rangeIndex;
+}
 
 /*
  * getDirection:
@@ -923,7 +443,8 @@
     return _length;
 }
 
-void IOMemoryDescriptor::setTag( IOOptionBits tag )
+void IOMemoryDescriptor::setTag(
+	IOOptionBits		tag )
 {
     _tag = tag;    
 }
@@ -933,710 +454,317 @@
     return( _tag);
 }
 
-// @@@ gvdl: who is using this API?  Seems like a wierd thing to implement.
-IOPhysicalAddress IOMemoryDescriptor::getSourceSegment( IOByteCount   offset,
-                                                        IOByteCount * length )
-{
-    IOPhysicalAddress physAddr = 0;
-
-    if( prepare() == kIOReturnSuccess) {
-        physAddr = getPhysicalSegment( offset, length );
-        complete();
-    }
-
-    return( physAddr );
-}
-
-IOByteCount IOMemoryDescriptor::readBytes
-                (IOByteCount offset, void *bytes, IOByteCount length)
-{
-    addr64_t dstAddr = (addr64_t) (UInt32) bytes;
-    IOByteCount remaining;
-
-    // Assert that this entire I/O is withing the available range
-    assert(offset < _length);
-    assert(offset + length <= _length);
-    if (offset >= _length) {
-IOLog("IOGMD(%p): rB = o%lx, l%lx\n", this, offset, length);	// @@@ gvdl
+/*
+ * setPosition
+ *
+ * Set the logical start position inside the client buffer.
+ *
+ * It is convention that the position reflect the actual byte count that
+ * is successfully transferred into or out of the buffer, before the I/O
+ * request is "completed" (ie. sent back to its originator).
+ */
+
+void IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::setPosition(IOByteCount position)
+{
+    assert(position <= _length);
+
+    if (position >= _length)
+    {
+        _position         = _length;
+        _positionAtIndex  = _rangesCount;          /* careful: out-of-bounds */
+        _positionAtOffset = 0;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (position < _position)
+    {
+	_positionAtOffset = position;
+	_positionAtIndex  = 0;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+	_positionAtOffset += (position - _position);
+    }
+    _position = position;
+
+    while (_positionAtOffset >= _ranges.v[_positionAtIndex].length)
+    {
+        _positionAtOffset -= _ranges.v[_positionAtIndex].length;
+        _positionAtIndex++;
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * readBytes:
+ *
+ * Copy data from the memory descriptor's buffer into the specified buffer,
+ * relative to the current position.   The memory descriptor's position is
+ * advanced based on the number of bytes copied.
+ */
+
+IOByteCount IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::readBytes(IOByteCount offset,
+					void * bytes, IOByteCount withLength)
+{
+    IOByteCount bytesLeft;
+    void *    segment;
+    IOByteCount segmentLength;
+
+    if( offset != _position)
+	setPosition( offset );
+
+    withLength = min(withLength, _length - _position);
+    bytesLeft  = withLength;
+
+#if 0
+    while (bytesLeft && (_position < _length))
+    {
+	/* Compute the relative length to the end of this virtual segment. */
+        segmentLength = min(_ranges.v[_positionAtIndex].length - _positionAtOffset, bytesLeft);
+
+	/* Compute the relative address of this virtual segment. */
+        segment = (void *)(_ranges.v[_positionAtIndex].address + _positionAtOffset);
+
+	if (KERN_SUCCESS != vm_map_read_user(getMapForTask(_task, segment),
+		/* from */ (vm_offset_t) segment, /* to */ (vm_offset_t) bytes,
+		/* size */ segmentLength))
+	{
+	    assert( false );
+            bytesLeft = withLength;
+	    break;
+	}
+        bytesLeft -= segmentLength;
+	offset += segmentLength;
+	setPosition(offset);
+    }
+#else
+    while (bytesLeft && (segment = getVirtualSegment(offset, &segmentLength)))
+    {
+        segmentLength = min(segmentLength, bytesLeft);
+        bcopy(/* from */ segment, /* to */ bytes, /* size */ segmentLength);
+        bytesLeft -= segmentLength;
+	offset += segmentLength;
+        bytes = (void *) (((UInt32) bytes) + segmentLength);
+    }
+#endif
+
+    return withLength - bytesLeft;
+}
+
+/*
+ * writeBytes:
+ *
+ * Copy data to the memory descriptor's buffer from the specified buffer,
+ * relative to the current position.  The memory descriptor's position is
+ * advanced based on the number of bytes copied.
+ */
+IOByteCount IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::writeBytes(IOByteCount offset,
+				const void* bytes,IOByteCount withLength)
+{
+    IOByteCount bytesLeft;
+    void *    segment;
+    IOByteCount segmentLength;
+
+    if( offset != _position)
+	setPosition( offset );
+
+    withLength = min(withLength, _length - _position);
+    bytesLeft  = withLength;
+
+#if 0
+    while (bytesLeft && (_position < _length))
+    {
+	assert(_position <= _length);
+
+	/* Compute the relative length to the end of this virtual segment. */
+        segmentLength = min(_ranges.v[_positionAtIndex].length - _positionAtOffset, bytesLeft);
+
+	/* Compute the relative address of this virtual segment. */
+        segment = (void *)(_ranges.v[_positionAtIndex].address + _positionAtOffset);
+
+	if (KERN_SUCCESS != vm_map_write_user(getMapForTask(_task, segment),
+		/* from */ (vm_offset_t) bytes, 
+	        /* to */ (vm_offset_t) segment,
+		/* size */ segmentLength))
+	{
+	    assert( false );
+            bytesLeft = withLength;
+	    break;
+	}
+        bytesLeft -= segmentLength;
+	offset += segmentLength;
+	setPosition(offset);
+    }
+#else
+    while (bytesLeft && (segment = getVirtualSegment(offset, &segmentLength)))
+    {
+        segmentLength = min(segmentLength, bytesLeft);
+        bcopy(/* from */ bytes, /* to */ segment, /* size */ segmentLength);
+        // Flush cache in case we're copying code around, eg. handling a code page fault
+        IOFlushProcessorCache(kernel_task, (vm_offset_t) segment, segmentLength );
+        
+        bytesLeft -= segmentLength;
+        offset += segmentLength;
+        bytes = (void *) (((UInt32) bytes) + segmentLength);
+    }
+#endif
+
+    return withLength - bytesLeft;
+}
+
+/*
+ * getPhysicalSegment:
+ *
+ * Get the physical address of the buffer, relative to the current position.
+ * If the current position is at the end of the buffer, a zero is returned.
+ */
+IOPhysicalAddress
+IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::getPhysicalSegment(IOByteCount offset,
+						IOByteCount * lengthOfSegment)
+{
+    vm_address_t      virtualAddress;
+    IOByteCount       virtualLength;
+    pmap_t            virtualPMap;
+    IOPhysicalAddress physicalAddress;
+    IOPhysicalLength  physicalLength;
+
+    if( kIOMemoryRequiresWire & _flags)
+        assert( _wireCount );
+
+    if ((0 == _task) && (1 == _rangesCount))
+    {
+	assert(offset <= _length);
+	if (offset >= _length)
+	{
+	    physicalAddress = 0;
+	    physicalLength  = 0;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+	    physicalLength = _length - offset;
+	    physicalAddress = offset + _ranges.v[0].address;
+	}
+
+	if (lengthOfSegment)
+	    *lengthOfSegment = physicalLength;
+	return physicalAddress;
+    }
+
+    if( offset != _position)
+	setPosition( offset );
+
+    assert(_position <= _length);
+
+    /* Fail gracefully if the position is at (or past) the end-of-buffer. */
+    if (_position >= _length)
+    {
+        *lengthOfSegment = 0;
         return 0;
     }
 
-    remaining = length = min(length, _length - offset);
-    while (remaining) {	// (process another target segment?)
-        addr64_t	srcAddr64;
-        IOByteCount	srcLen;
-
-        srcAddr64 = getPhysicalSegment64(offset, &srcLen);
-        if (!srcAddr64)
-            break;
-
-        // Clip segment length to remaining
-        if (srcLen > remaining)
-            srcLen = remaining;
-
-        copypv(srcAddr64, dstAddr, srcLen,
-                            cppvPsrc | cppvNoRefSrc | cppvFsnk | cppvKmap);
-
-        dstAddr   += srcLen;
-        offset    += srcLen;
-        remaining -= srcLen;
-    }
-
-    assert(!remaining);
-
-    return length - remaining;
-}
-
-IOByteCount IOMemoryDescriptor::writeBytes
-                (IOByteCount offset, const void *bytes, IOByteCount length)
-{
-    addr64_t srcAddr = (addr64_t) (UInt32) bytes;
-    IOByteCount remaining;
-
-    // Assert that this entire I/O is withing the available range
-    assert(offset < _length);
-    assert(offset + length <= _length);
-
-    assert( !(kIOMemoryPreparedReadOnly & _flags) );
-
-    if ( (kIOMemoryPreparedReadOnly & _flags) || offset >= _length) {
-IOLog("IOGMD(%p): wB = o%lx, l%lx\n", this, offset, length);	// @@@ gvdl
+    /* Prepare to compute the largest contiguous physical length possible. */
+
+    virtualAddress  = _ranges.v[_positionAtIndex].address + _positionAtOffset;
+    virtualLength   = _ranges.v[_positionAtIndex].length  - _positionAtOffset;
+    vm_address_t      virtualPage  = trunc_page(virtualAddress);
+    if( _task)
+	virtualPMap     = get_task_pmap(_task);
+    else
+	virtualPMap	= 0;
+
+    physicalAddress = (virtualAddress == _cachedVirtualAddress) ?
+                        _cachedPhysicalAddress :              /* optimization */
+			virtualPMap ?
+                        	pmap_extract(virtualPMap, virtualAddress) :
+				virtualAddress;
+    physicalLength  = trunc_page(physicalAddress) + page_size - physicalAddress;
+
+    if (!physicalAddress && _task)
+    {
+	physicalAddress =
+	    vm_map_get_phys_page(get_task_map(_task), virtualPage);
+	physicalAddress += virtualAddress - virtualPage;
+    }
+
+    if (physicalAddress == 0)     /* memory must be wired in order to proceed */
+    {
+        assert(physicalAddress);
+        *lengthOfSegment = 0;
         return 0;
     }
 
-    remaining = length = min(length, _length - offset);
-    while (remaining) {	// (process another target segment?)
-        addr64_t    dstAddr64;
-        IOByteCount dstLen;
-
-        dstAddr64 = getPhysicalSegment64(offset, &dstLen);
-        if (!dstAddr64)
-            break;
-
-        // Clip segment length to remaining
-        if (dstLen > remaining)
-            dstLen = remaining;
-
-        copypv(srcAddr, (addr64_t) dstAddr64, dstLen,
-                            cppvPsnk | cppvFsnk | cppvNoRefSrc | cppvNoModSnk | cppvKmap);
-
-        srcAddr   += dstLen;
-        offset    += dstLen;
-        remaining -= dstLen;
-    }
-
-    assert(!remaining);
-
-    return length - remaining;
-}
-
-// osfmk/device/iokit_rpc.c
-extern "C" unsigned int IODefaultCacheBits(addr64_t pa);
-
-/* DEPRECATED */ void IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::setPosition(IOByteCount position)
-/* DEPRECATED */ {
-                    panic("IOGMD::setPosition deprecated");
-/* DEPRECATED */ }
-
-IOPhysicalAddress IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::getPhysicalSegment
-                        (IOByteCount offset, IOByteCount *lengthOfSegment)
-{
-    IOPhysicalAddress address = 0;
-    IOPhysicalLength  length  = 0;
-
-//  assert(offset <= _length);
-    if (offset < _length) // (within bounds?)
-    {
-        if ( (_flags & kIOMemoryTypeMask) == kIOMemoryTypePhysical) {
-            unsigned int ind;
-
-            // Physical address based memory descriptor
-
-            // Find offset within descriptor and make it relative
-            // to the current _range.
-            for (ind = 0 ; offset >= _ranges.p[ind].length; ind++ )
-                offset -= _ranges.p[ind].length;
-    
-            IOPhysicalRange cur = _ranges.p[ind];
-            address = cur.address + offset;
-            length  = cur.length  - offset;
-
-            // see how far we can coalesce ranges
-            for (++ind; ind < _rangesCount; ind++) {
-                cur =  _ranges.p[ind];
-        
-                if (address + length != cur.address)
-                    break;
-    
-                length += cur.length;
-            }
-
-            // @@@ gvdl: should be assert(address);
-            // but can't as NVidia GeForce creates a bogus physical mem
-	    assert(address
-		|| /* nvidia */ (!_ranges.p[0].address && 1 == _rangesCount));
-            assert(length);
-        }
-        else do {
-            // We need wiring & we are wired.
-            assert(_wireCount);
-
-            if (!_wireCount)
-	    {
-		panic("IOGMD: not wired for getPhysicalSegment()");
-                continue;
-	    }
-
-            assert(_memoryEntries);
-
-            ioGMDData * dataP = getDataP(_memoryEntries);
-            const ioPLBlock *ioplList = getIOPLList(dataP);
-            UInt ind, numIOPLs = getNumIOPL(_memoryEntries, dataP);
-            upl_page_info_t *pageList = getPageList(dataP);
-
-            assert(numIOPLs > 0);
-
-            // Scan through iopl info blocks looking for block containing offset
-            for (ind = 1; ind < numIOPLs; ind++) {
-                if (offset < ioplList[ind].fIOMDOffset)
-                    break;
-            }
-
-            // Go back to actual range as search goes past it
-            ioPLBlock ioplInfo = ioplList[ind - 1];
-
-            if (ind < numIOPLs)
-                length = ioplList[ind].fIOMDOffset;
-            else
-                length = _length;
-            length -= offset;			// Remainder within iopl
-
-            // Subtract offset till this iopl in total list
-            offset -= ioplInfo.fIOMDOffset;
-
-            // This is a mapped IOPL so we just need to compute an offset
-            // relative to the mapped base.
-            if (ioplInfo.fMappedBase) {
-                offset += (ioplInfo.fPageOffset & PAGE_MASK);
-                address = ptoa_32(ioplInfo.fMappedBase) + offset;
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            // Currently the offset is rebased into the current iopl.
-            // Now add the iopl 1st page offset.
-            offset += ioplInfo.fPageOffset;
-
-            // For external UPLs the fPageInfo field points directly to
-            // the upl's upl_page_info_t array.
-            if (ioplInfo.fFlags & kIOPLExternUPL)
-                pageList = (upl_page_info_t *) ioplInfo.fPageInfo;
-            else
-                pageList = &pageList[ioplInfo.fPageInfo];
-
-            // Check for direct device non-paged memory
-            if ( ioplInfo.fFlags & kIOPLOnDevice ) {
-                address = ptoa_32(pageList->phys_addr) + offset;
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            // Now we need compute the index into the pageList
-            ind = atop_32(offset);
-            offset &= PAGE_MASK;
-
-            IOPhysicalAddress pageAddr = pageList[ind].phys_addr;
-            address = ptoa_32(pageAddr) + offset;
-
-            // Check for the remaining data in this upl being longer than the
-            // remainder on the current page.  This should be checked for
-            // contiguous pages
-            if (length > PAGE_SIZE - offset) {
-                // See if the next page is contiguous.  Stop looking when we hit
-                // the end of this upl, which is indicated by the
-                // contigLength >= length.
-                IOByteCount contigLength = PAGE_SIZE - offset;
-
-                // Look for contiguous segment
-                while (contigLength < length
-                &&     ++pageAddr == pageList[++ind].phys_addr) {
-                    contigLength += PAGE_SIZE;
-                }
-                if (length > contigLength)
-                    length = contigLength;
-            }
-    
-            assert(address);
-            assert(length);
-
-        } while (0);
-
-        if (!address)
-            length = 0;
-    }
-
-    if (lengthOfSegment)
-        *lengthOfSegment = length;
-
-    return address;
-}
-
-addr64_t IOMemoryDescriptor::getPhysicalSegment64
-                        (IOByteCount offset, IOByteCount *lengthOfSegment)
-{
-    IOPhysicalAddress phys32;
-    IOByteCount	      length;
-    addr64_t 	      phys64;
-
-    phys32 = getPhysicalSegment(offset, lengthOfSegment);
-    if (!phys32)
-	return 0;
-
-    if (gIOSystemMapper)
-    {
-	IOByteCount origLen;
-
-	phys64 = gIOSystemMapper->mapAddr(phys32);
-	origLen = *lengthOfSegment;
-	length = page_size - (phys64 & (page_size - 1));
-	while ((length < origLen)
-	    && ((phys64 + length) == gIOSystemMapper->mapAddr(phys32 + length)))
-	    length += page_size;
-	if (length > origLen)
-	    length = origLen;
-
-	*lengthOfSegment = length;
-    }
+    /* Compute the largest contiguous physical length possible, within range. */
+    IOPhysicalAddress physicalPage = trunc_page(physicalAddress);
+
+    while (physicalLength < virtualLength)
+    {
+        physicalPage          += page_size;
+        virtualPage           += page_size;
+        _cachedVirtualAddress  = virtualPage;
+        _cachedPhysicalAddress = virtualPMap ?
+                        		pmap_extract(virtualPMap, virtualPage) :
+					virtualPage;
+	if (!_cachedPhysicalAddress && _task)
+	{
+	    _cachedPhysicalAddress =
+		vm_map_get_phys_page(get_task_map(_task), virtualPage);
+	}
+
+        if (_cachedPhysicalAddress != physicalPage)  break;
+
+        physicalLength += page_size;
+    }
+
+    /* Clip contiguous physical length at the end of this range. */
+    if (physicalLength > virtualLength)
+        physicalLength = virtualLength;
+
+    if( lengthOfSegment)
+	*lengthOfSegment = physicalLength;
+
+    return physicalAddress;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * getVirtualSegment:
+ *
+ * Get the virtual address of the buffer, relative to the current position.
+ * If the memory wasn't mapped into the caller's address space, it will be
+ * mapped in now.   If the current position is at the end of the buffer, a
+ * null is returned.
+ */
+void * IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::getVirtualSegment(IOByteCount offset,
+							IOByteCount * lengthOfSegment)
+{
+    if( offset != _position)
+	setPosition( offset );
+
+    assert(_position <= _length);
+
+    /* Fail gracefully if the position is at (or past) the end-of-buffer. */
+    if (_position >= _length)
+    {
+        *lengthOfSegment = 0;
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /* Compute the relative length to the end of this virtual segment. */
+    *lengthOfSegment = _ranges.v[_positionAtIndex].length - _positionAtOffset;
+
+    /* Compute the relative address of this virtual segment. */
+    if (_task == kernel_task)
+        return (void *)(_ranges.v[_positionAtIndex].address + _positionAtOffset);
     else
-	phys64 = (addr64_t) phys32;
-
-    return phys64;
-}
-
-IOPhysicalAddress IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::
-getSourceSegment(IOByteCount offset, IOByteCount *lengthOfSegment)
-{
-    IOPhysicalAddress address = 0;
-    IOPhysicalLength  length  = 0;
-    IOOptionBits      type    = _flags & kIOMemoryTypeMask;
-
-    assert(offset <= _length);
-
-    if ( type == kIOMemoryTypeUPL)
-	return super::getSourceSegment( offset, lengthOfSegment );
-    else if ( offset < _length ) // (within bounds?)
-    {
-        unsigned rangesIndex = 0;
-	Ranges vec = _ranges;
-	user_addr_t addr;
-
-	// Find starting address within the vector of ranges
-	for (;;) {
-	    getAddrLenForInd(addr, length, type, vec, rangesIndex);
-	    if (offset < length)
-		break;
-	    offset -= length; // (make offset relative)
-	    rangesIndex++;
-	} 
-
-	// Now that we have the starting range,
-	// lets find the last contiguous range
-        addr   += offset;
-        length -= offset;
-
-        for ( ++rangesIndex; rangesIndex < _rangesCount; rangesIndex++ ) {
-	    user_addr_t      newAddr;
-	    IOPhysicalLength newLen;
-
-	    getAddrLenForInd(newAddr, newLen, type, vec, rangesIndex);
-	    if (addr + length != newAddr)
-		break;
-	    length += newLen;
-	} 
-        if (addr)
-	    address = (IOPhysicalAddress) addr;	// Truncate address to 32bit
-	else
-	    length = 0;
-    }
-
-    if ( lengthOfSegment )  *lengthOfSegment = length;
-
-    return address;
-}
-
-/* DEPRECATED */ /* USE INSTEAD: map(), readBytes(), writeBytes() */
-/* DEPRECATED */ void * IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::getVirtualSegment(IOByteCount offset,
-/* DEPRECATED */ 							IOByteCount * lengthOfSegment)
-/* DEPRECATED */ {
-                    if (_task == kernel_task)
-                        return (void *) getSourceSegment(offset, lengthOfSegment);
-                    else
-                        panic("IOGMD::getVirtualSegment deprecated");
-
-                    return 0;
-/* DEPRECATED */ }
-/* DEPRECATED */ /* USE INSTEAD: map(), readBytes(), writeBytes() */
-
-
-
-IOReturn IOMemoryDescriptor::setPurgeable( IOOptionBits newState,
-                                           IOOptionBits * oldState )
-{
-    IOReturn	  err = kIOReturnSuccess;
-    vm_purgable_t control;
-    int           state;
-
-    do 
-    {
-        if (!_memEntry)
-        {
-            err = kIOReturnNotReady;
-            break;
-        }
-
-        control = VM_PURGABLE_SET_STATE;
-        switch (newState)
-        {
-            case kIOMemoryPurgeableKeepCurrent:
-                control = VM_PURGABLE_GET_STATE;
-                break;
-
-            case kIOMemoryPurgeableNonVolatile:
-                state = VM_PURGABLE_NONVOLATILE;
-                break;
-            case kIOMemoryPurgeableVolatile:
-                state = VM_PURGABLE_VOLATILE;
-                break;
-            case kIOMemoryPurgeableEmpty:
-                state = VM_PURGABLE_EMPTY;
-                break;
-            default:
-                err = kIOReturnBadArgument;
-                break;
-        }
-
-        if (kIOReturnSuccess != err)
-            break;
-
-        err = mach_memory_entry_purgable_control((ipc_port_t) _memEntry, control, &state);
-
-        if (oldState)
-        {
-            if (kIOReturnSuccess == err)
-            {
-                switch (state)
-                {
-                    case VM_PURGABLE_NONVOLATILE:
-                        state = kIOMemoryPurgeableNonVolatile;
-                        break;
-                    case VM_PURGABLE_VOLATILE:
-                        state = kIOMemoryPurgeableVolatile;
-                        break;
-                    case VM_PURGABLE_EMPTY:
-                        state = kIOMemoryPurgeableEmpty;
-                        break;
-                    default:
-                        state = kIOMemoryPurgeableNonVolatile;
-                        err = kIOReturnNotReady;
-                        break;
-                }
-                *oldState = state;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    while (false);
-
-    return (err);
-}
-
-extern "C" void dcache_incoherent_io_flush64(addr64_t pa, unsigned int count);
-extern "C" void dcache_incoherent_io_store64(addr64_t pa, unsigned int count);
-
-IOReturn IOMemoryDescriptor::performOperation( IOOptionBits options,
-                                                IOByteCount offset, IOByteCount length )
-{
-    IOByteCount remaining;
-    void (*func)(addr64_t pa, unsigned int count) = 0;
-
-    switch (options)
-    {
-        case kIOMemoryIncoherentIOFlush:
-            func = &dcache_incoherent_io_flush64;
-            break;
-        case kIOMemoryIncoherentIOStore:
-            func = &dcache_incoherent_io_store64;
-            break;
-    }
-
-    if (!func)
-        return (kIOReturnUnsupported);
-
-    remaining = length = min(length, getLength() - offset);
-    while (remaining)
-    // (process another target segment?)
-    {
-        addr64_t    dstAddr64;
-        IOByteCount dstLen;
-
-        dstAddr64 = getPhysicalSegment64(offset, &dstLen);
-        if (!dstAddr64)
-            break;
-
-        // Clip segment length to remaining
-        if (dstLen > remaining)
-            dstLen = remaining;
-
-	(*func)(dstAddr64, dstLen);
-
-        offset    += dstLen;
-        remaining -= dstLen;
-    }
-
-    return (remaining ? kIOReturnUnderrun : kIOReturnSuccess);
-}
-
-#ifdef __ppc__
-extern vm_offset_t		static_memory_end;
-#define io_kernel_static_end	static_memory_end
-#else
-extern vm_offset_t		first_avail;
-#define io_kernel_static_end	first_avail
-#endif
-
-static kern_return_t
-io_get_kernel_static_upl(
-	vm_map_t		/* map */,
-	vm_address_t		offset,
-	vm_size_t		*upl_size,
-	upl_t			*upl,
-	upl_page_info_array_t	page_list,
-	unsigned int		*count)
-{
-    unsigned int pageCount, page;
-    ppnum_t phys;
-
-    pageCount = atop_32(*upl_size);
-    if (pageCount > *count)
-	pageCount = *count;
-
-    *upl = NULL;
-
-    for (page = 0; page < pageCount; page++)
-    {
-	phys = pmap_find_phys(kernel_pmap, ((addr64_t)offset) + ptoa_64(page));
-	if (!phys)
-	    break;
-	page_list[page].phys_addr = phys;
-	page_list[page].pageout	  = 0;
-	page_list[page].absent	  = 0;
-	page_list[page].dirty	  = 0;
-	page_list[page].precious  = 0;
-	page_list[page].device	  = 0;
-    }
-
-    return ((page >= pageCount) ? kIOReturnSuccess : kIOReturnVMError);
-}
-
-IOReturn IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::wireVirtual(IODirection forDirection)
-{
-    IOOptionBits type = _flags & kIOMemoryTypeMask;
-    IOReturn error = kIOReturnNoMemory;
-    ioGMDData *dataP;
-    ppnum_t mapBase = 0;
-    IOMapper *mapper;
-    ipc_port_t sharedMem = (ipc_port_t) _memEntry;
-
-    assert(!_wireCount);
-    assert(kIOMemoryTypeVirtual == type || kIOMemoryTypeUIO == type);
-
-    if (_pages >= gIOMaximumMappedIOPageCount)
-	return kIOReturnNoResources;
-
-    dataP = getDataP(_memoryEntries);
-    mapper = dataP->fMapper;
-    if (mapper && _pages)
-        mapBase = mapper->iovmAlloc(_pages);
-
-    // Note that appendBytes(NULL) zeros the data up to the
-    // desired length.
-    _memoryEntries->appendBytes(0, dataP->fPageCnt * sizeof(upl_page_info_t));
-    dataP = 0;	// May no longer be valid so lets not get tempted.
-
-    if (forDirection == kIODirectionNone)
-        forDirection = _direction;
-
-    int uplFlags;    // This Mem Desc's default flags for upl creation
-    switch (forDirection)
-    {
-    case kIODirectionOut:
-        // Pages do not need to be marked as dirty on commit
-        uplFlags = UPL_COPYOUT_FROM;
-        _flags |= kIOMemoryPreparedReadOnly;
-        break;
-
-    case kIODirectionIn:
-    default:
-        uplFlags = 0;	// i.e. ~UPL_COPYOUT_FROM
-        break;
-    }
-    uplFlags |= UPL_SET_IO_WIRE | UPL_SET_LITE;
-
-    // Find the appropriate vm_map for the given task
-    vm_map_t curMap;
-    if (_task == kernel_task && (kIOMemoryBufferPageable & _flags))
-        curMap = 0;
-    else
-        { curMap = get_task_map(_task); }
-
-    // Iterate over the vector of virtual ranges
-    Ranges vec = _ranges;
-    unsigned int pageIndex = 0;
-    IOByteCount mdOffset = 0;
-    for (UInt range = 0; range < _rangesCount; range++) {
-        ioPLBlock iopl;
-	user_addr_t startPage;
-        IOByteCount numBytes;
-
-	// Get the startPage address and length of vec[range]
-	getAddrLenForInd(startPage, numBytes, type, vec, range);
-	iopl.fPageOffset = (short) startPage & PAGE_MASK;
-	numBytes += iopl.fPageOffset;
-	startPage = trunc_page_64(startPage);
-
-	if (mapper)
-	    iopl.fMappedBase = mapBase + pageIndex;
-	else
-	    iopl.fMappedBase = 0;
-
-	// Iterate over the current range, creating UPLs
-        while (numBytes) {
-            dataP = getDataP(_memoryEntries);
-	    vm_address_t kernelStart = (vm_address_t) startPage;
-            vm_map_t theMap;
-	    if (curMap)
-		theMap = curMap;
-	    else if (!sharedMem) {
-		assert(_task == kernel_task);
-		theMap = IOPageableMapForAddress(kernelStart);
-	    }
-	    else
-		theMap = NULL;
-
-            upl_page_info_array_t pageInfo = getPageList(dataP);
-            int ioplFlags = uplFlags;
-            upl_page_list_ptr_t baseInfo = &pageInfo[pageIndex];
-
-            vm_size_t ioplSize = round_page_32(numBytes);
-            unsigned int numPageInfo = atop_32(ioplSize);
-
-	    if (theMap == kernel_map && kernelStart < io_kernel_static_end) {
-		error = io_get_kernel_static_upl(theMap, 
-						kernelStart,
-						&ioplSize,
-						&iopl.fIOPL,
-						baseInfo,
-						&numPageInfo);
-	    }
-	    else if (sharedMem) {
-		error = memory_object_iopl_request(sharedMem, 
-						ptoa_32(pageIndex),
-						&ioplSize,
-						&iopl.fIOPL,
-						baseInfo,
-						&numPageInfo,
-						&ioplFlags);
-	    }
-	    else {
-		assert(theMap);
-		error = vm_map_create_upl(theMap,
-						startPage,
-						&ioplSize,
-						&iopl.fIOPL,
-						baseInfo,
-						&numPageInfo,
-						&ioplFlags);
-	    }
-
-            assert(ioplSize);
-            if (error != KERN_SUCCESS)
-                goto abortExit;
-
-            error = kIOReturnNoMemory;
-
-            if (baseInfo->device) {
-                numPageInfo = 1;
-                iopl.fFlags  = kIOPLOnDevice;
-                // Don't translate device memory at all 
-		if (mapper && mapBase) {
-		    mapper->iovmFree(mapBase, _pages);
-		    mapBase = 0;
-		    iopl.fMappedBase = 0;
-		}
-            }
-            else {
-                iopl.fFlags = 0;
-                if (mapper)
-                    mapper->iovmInsert(mapBase, pageIndex,
-                                       baseInfo, numPageInfo);
-            }
-
-            iopl.fIOMDOffset = mdOffset;
-            iopl.fPageInfo = pageIndex;
-
-	    if ((_flags & kIOMemoryAutoPrepare) && iopl.fIOPL)
-	    {
-		upl_commit(iopl.fIOPL, 0, 0);
-		upl_deallocate(iopl.fIOPL);
-		iopl.fIOPL = 0;
-	    }
-
-            if (!_memoryEntries->appendBytes(&iopl, sizeof(iopl))) {
-                // Clean up partial created and unsaved iopl
-                if (iopl.fIOPL) {
-                    upl_abort(iopl.fIOPL, 0);
-                    upl_deallocate(iopl.fIOPL);
-                }
-                goto abortExit;
-            }
-
-            // Check for a multiple iopl's in one virtual range
-            pageIndex += numPageInfo;
-            mdOffset -= iopl.fPageOffset;
-            if (ioplSize < numBytes) {
-                numBytes -= ioplSize;
-                startPage += ioplSize;
-                mdOffset += ioplSize;
-                iopl.fPageOffset = 0;
-		if (mapper)
-		    iopl.fMappedBase = mapBase + pageIndex;
-            }
-            else {
-                mdOffset += numBytes;
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    return kIOReturnSuccess;
-
-abortExit:
-    {
-        dataP = getDataP(_memoryEntries);
-        UInt done = getNumIOPL(_memoryEntries, dataP);
-        ioPLBlock *ioplList = getIOPLList(dataP);
-    
-        for (UInt range = 0; range < done; range++)
-	{
-	    if (ioplList[range].fIOPL) {
-             upl_abort(ioplList[range].fIOPL, 0);
-             upl_deallocate(ioplList[range].fIOPL);
-	    }
-	}
-	(void) _memoryEntries->initWithBytes(dataP, sizeof(ioGMDData)); // == setLength()
-
-        if (mapper && mapBase)
-            mapper->iovmFree(mapBase, _pages);
-    }
-
-    return error;
+    {
+	vm_offset_t off;
+
+        mapIntoKernel(_positionAtIndex);
+
+	off  = _ranges.v[_kernPtrAtIndex].address;
+	off -= trunc_page(off);
+
+	return (void *) (_kernPtrAligned + off + _positionAtOffset);
+    }
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1648,21 +776,137 @@
  * the memory after the I/O transfer finishes.  This method needn't
  * called for non-pageable memory.
  */
-IOReturn IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::prepare(IODirection forDirection)
-{
-    IOReturn error    = kIOReturnSuccess;
-    IOOptionBits type = _flags & kIOMemoryTypeMask;
-
-    if (!_wireCount
-    && (kIOMemoryTypeVirtual == type || kIOMemoryTypeUIO == type) ) {
-        error = wireVirtual(forDirection);
-        if (error)
-            return error;
-    }
-
+IOReturn IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::prepare(
+		IODirection forDirection = kIODirectionNone)
+{
+    UInt rangeIndex = 0;
+
+    if((_wireCount == 0) && (kIOMemoryRequiresWire & _flags)) {
+        kern_return_t rc;
+
+        if(forDirection == kIODirectionNone)
+            forDirection = _direction;
+
+        vm_prot_t access = VM_PROT_DEFAULT;	// Could be cleverer using direction
+
+        //
+        // Check user read/write access to the data buffer.
+        //
+
+        for (rangeIndex = 0; rangeIndex < _rangesCount; rangeIndex++)
+        {
+            vm_offset_t checkBase = trunc_page(_ranges.v[rangeIndex].address);
+            vm_size_t   checkSize = round_page(_ranges.v[rangeIndex].length );
+
+            while (checkSize)
+            {
+                vm_region_basic_info_data_t regionInfo;
+                mach_msg_type_number_t      regionInfoSize = sizeof(regionInfo);
+                vm_size_t                   regionSize;
+
+                if ( (vm_region(
+                          /* map         */ getMapForTask(_task, checkBase),
+                          /* address     */ &checkBase,
+                          /* size        */ &regionSize,
+                          /* flavor      */ VM_REGION_BASIC_INFO,
+                          /* info        */ (vm_region_info_t) &regionInfo,
+                          /* info size   */ &regionInfoSize,
+                          /* object name */ 0 ) != KERN_SUCCESS             ) ||
+                     ( (forDirection & kIODirectionIn ) &&
+                                   !(regionInfo.protection & VM_PROT_WRITE) ) ||
+                     ( (forDirection & kIODirectionOut) && 
+                                   !(regionInfo.protection & VM_PROT_READ ) ) )
+                {
+                    return kIOReturnVMError;
+                }
+
+                assert((regionSize & PAGE_MASK) == 0);
+
+                regionSize = min(regionSize, checkSize);
+                checkSize -= regionSize;
+                checkBase += regionSize;
+            } // (for each vm region)
+        } // (for each io range)
+
+        for (rangeIndex = 0; rangeIndex < _rangesCount; rangeIndex++) {
+
+            vm_offset_t srcAlign = trunc_page(_ranges.v[rangeIndex].address);
+            IOByteCount srcAlignEnd = trunc_page(_ranges.v[rangeIndex].address +
+                                _ranges.v[rangeIndex].length  +
+                                page_size - 1);
+
+	    vm_map_t taskVMMap = getMapForTask(_task, srcAlign);
+
+            rc = vm_map_wire(taskVMMap, srcAlign, srcAlignEnd, access, FALSE);
+	    if (KERN_SUCCESS != rc) {
+		IOLog("IOMemoryDescriptor::prepare vm_map_wire failed: %d\n", rc);
+		goto abortExit;
+	    }
+
+	    // If this I/O is for a user land task then protect ourselves
+	    // against COW and other vm_shenanigans
+	    if (_task && _task != kernel_task) {
+		// setup a data object to hold the 'named' memory regions
+		// @@@ gvdl: If we fail to allocate an OSData we will just
+		// hope for the best for the time being.  Lets not fail a
+		// prepare at this late stage in product release.
+		if (!_memoryEntries)
+		    _memoryEntries = OSData::withCapacity(16);
+		if (_memoryEntries) {
+		    vm_object_offset_t desiredSize = srcAlignEnd - srcAlign;
+		    vm_object_offset_t entryStart = srcAlign;
+		    ipc_port_t memHandle;
+
+		    do {
+			vm_object_offset_t actualSize = desiredSize;
+
+			rc = mach_make_memory_entry_64
+			    (taskVMMap, &actualSize, entryStart,
+			    forDirection, &memHandle, NULL);
+			if (KERN_SUCCESS != rc) {
+			    IOLog("IOMemoryDescriptor::prepare mach_make_memory_entry_64 failed: %d\n", rc);
+			    goto abortExit;
+			}
+
+			_memoryEntries->
+			    appendBytes(&memHandle, sizeof(memHandle));
+			desiredSize -= actualSize;
+			entryStart += actualSize;
+		    } while (desiredSize);
+		}
+	    }
+        }
+    }
     _wireCount++;
-
     return kIOReturnSuccess;
+
+abortExit:
+    UInt doneIndex;
+
+
+    for(doneIndex = 0; doneIndex < rangeIndex; doneIndex++) {
+	vm_offset_t srcAlign = trunc_page(_ranges.v[doneIndex].address);
+	IOByteCount srcAlignEnd = trunc_page(_ranges.v[doneIndex].address +
+			    _ranges.v[doneIndex].length  +
+			    page_size - 1);
+
+	vm_map_unwire(getMapForTask(_task, srcAlign), srcAlign,
+			    srcAlignEnd, FALSE);
+    }
+
+    if (_memoryEntries) {
+	ipc_port_t *handles, *handlesEnd;
+
+	handles = (ipc_port_t *) _memoryEntries->getBytesNoCopy();
+	handlesEnd = (ipc_port_t *)
+	    ((vm_address_t) handles + _memoryEntries->getLength());
+	while (handles < handlesEnd)
+	    ipc_port_release_send(*handles++);
+	_memoryEntries->release();
+	_memoryEntries = 0;
+    }
+
+    return kIOReturnVMError;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1674,40 +918,52 @@
  * before and after an I/O transfer involving pageable memory.
  */
  
-IOReturn IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::complete(IODirection /* forDirection */)
+IOReturn IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::complete(
+		IODirection forDirection = kIODirectionNone)
 {
     assert(_wireCount);
 
-    if (!_wireCount)
+    if(0 == _wireCount)
         return kIOReturnSuccess;
 
     _wireCount--;
-    if (!_wireCount) {
-	IOOptionBits type = _flags & kIOMemoryTypeMask;
-
-        if (kIOMemoryTypePhysical == type) {
-            /* kIOMemoryTypePhysical */
-            // DO NOTHING
+    if((_wireCount == 0) && (kIOMemoryRequiresWire & _flags)) {
+        UInt rangeIndex;
+        kern_return_t rc;
+
+        if(forDirection == kIODirectionNone)
+            forDirection = _direction;
+
+        for(rangeIndex = 0; rangeIndex < _rangesCount; rangeIndex++) {
+
+            vm_offset_t srcAlign = trunc_page(_ranges.v[rangeIndex].address);
+            IOByteCount srcAlignEnd = trunc_page(_ranges.v[rangeIndex].address +
+                                _ranges.v[rangeIndex].length  +
+                                page_size - 1);
+
+            if(forDirection == kIODirectionIn)
+                pmap_modify_pages(get_task_pmap(_task), srcAlign, srcAlignEnd);
+
+            rc = vm_map_unwire(getMapForTask(_task, srcAlign), srcAlign,
+                                  srcAlignEnd, FALSE);
+            if(rc != KERN_SUCCESS)
+                IOLog("IOMemoryDescriptor::complete: vm_map_unwire failed: %d\n", rc);
         }
-        else {
-            ioGMDData * dataP = getDataP(_memoryEntries);
-            ioPLBlock *ioplList = getIOPLList(dataP);
-	    UInt count = getNumIOPL(_memoryEntries, dataP);
-
-            if (dataP->fMapper && _pages && ioplList[0].fMappedBase)
-                dataP->fMapper->iovmFree(ioplList[0].fMappedBase, _pages);
-
-            // Only complete iopls that we created which are for TypeVirtual
-            if (kIOMemoryTypeVirtual == type || kIOMemoryTypeUIO == type) {
-                for (UInt ind = 0; ind < count; ind++)
-		    if (ioplList[ind].fIOPL) {
-			 upl_commit(ioplList[ind].fIOPL, 0, 0);
-			 upl_deallocate(ioplList[ind].fIOPL);
-		    }
-            }
-
-            (void) _memoryEntries->initWithBytes(dataP, sizeof(ioGMDData)); // == setLength()
-        }
+
+	if (_memoryEntries) {
+	    ipc_port_t *handles, *handlesEnd;
+
+	    handles = (ipc_port_t *) _memoryEntries->getBytesNoCopy();
+	    handlesEnd = (ipc_port_t *)
+			((vm_address_t) handles + _memoryEntries->getLength());
+	    while (handles < handlesEnd)
+		ipc_port_release_send(*handles++);
+
+	    _memoryEntries->release();
+	    _memoryEntries = 0;
+	}
+
+	_cachedVirtualAddress = 0;
     }
     return kIOReturnSuccess;
 }
@@ -1716,142 +972,66 @@
 	vm_map_t		addressMap,
 	IOVirtualAddress *	atAddress,
 	IOOptionBits		options,
-	IOByteCount		sourceOffset,
-	IOByteCount		length )
+	IOByteCount		sourceOffset = 0,
+	IOByteCount		length = 0 )
 {
     kern_return_t kr;
-    ipc_port_t sharedMem = (ipc_port_t) _memEntry;
-
-    IOOptionBits type = _flags & kIOMemoryTypeMask;
-    Ranges vec = _ranges;
-
-    user_addr_t range0Addr = 0;
-    IOByteCount range0Len = 0;
-
-    if (vec.v)
-	getAddrLenForInd(range0Addr, range0Len, type, vec, 0);
 
     // mapping source == dest? (could be much better)
-    if( _task
-    && (addressMap == get_task_map(_task)) && (options & kIOMapAnywhere)
-    && (1 == _rangesCount) && (0 == sourceOffset)
-    && range0Addr && (length <= range0Len) ) {
-	if (sizeof(user_addr_t) > 4 && ((UInt64) range0Addr) >> 32)
-	    return kIOReturnOverrun;	// Doesn't fit in 32bit return field
-	else {
-	    *atAddress = range0Addr;
+    if( _task && (addressMap == get_task_map(_task)) && (options & kIOMapAnywhere)
+	&& (1 == _rangesCount) && (0 == sourceOffset)
+	&& (length <= _ranges.v[0].length) ) {
+	    *atAddress = _ranges.v[0].address;
 	    return( kIOReturnSuccess );
-	}
-    }
-
-    if( 0 == sharedMem) {
-
-        vm_size_t size = ptoa_32(_pages);
-
-        if( _task) {
-#ifndef i386
-            memory_object_size_t actualSize = size;
-            kr = mach_make_memory_entry_64(get_task_map(_task),
-                        &actualSize, range0Addr,
-                        VM_PROT_READ | VM_PROT_WRITE, &sharedMem,
-                        NULL );
-
-            if( (KERN_SUCCESS == kr) && (actualSize != round_page_32(size))) {
-#if IOASSERT
-                IOLog("mach_make_memory_entry_64 (%08llx) size (%08lx:%08x)\n",
-                            range0Addr, (UInt32) actualSize, size);
-#endif
+    }
+
+     if( _task && _memEntry && (_flags & kIOMemoryRequiresWire)) {
+
+        do {
+
+            if( (1 != _rangesCount)
+             || (kIOMapDefaultCache != (options & kIOMapCacheMask)) ) {
+                kr = kIOReturnUnsupported;
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if( 0 == length)
+                length = getLength();
+            if( (sourceOffset + length) > _ranges.v[0].length) {
+                kr = kIOReturnBadArgument;
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            ipc_port_t sharedMem = (ipc_port_t) _memEntry;
+            vm_prot_t prot = VM_PROT_READ
+                            | ((options & kIOMapReadOnly) ? 0 : VM_PROT_WRITE);
+
+            // vm_map looks for addresses above here, even when VM_FLAGS_ANYWHERE
+            if( options & kIOMapAnywhere)
+                *atAddress = 0;
+
+            if( 0 == sharedMem)
                 kr = kIOReturnVMError;
-                ipc_port_release_send( sharedMem );
-            }
-
-            if( KERN_SUCCESS != kr)
-#endif /* !i386 */
-                sharedMem = MACH_PORT_NULL;
-
-        } else do {
-
-            memory_object_t 	pager;
-	    unsigned int    	flags = 0;
-    	    addr64_t		pa;
-    	    IOPhysicalLength	segLen;
-
-	    pa = getPhysicalSegment64( sourceOffset, &segLen );
-
-            if( !reserved) {
-                reserved = IONew( ExpansionData, 1 );
-                if( !reserved)
-                    continue;
-            }
-            reserved->pagerContig = (1 == _rangesCount);
-	    reserved->memory = this;
-
-	    /*What cache mode do we need*/
-            switch(options & kIOMapCacheMask ) {
-
-		case kIOMapDefaultCache:
-		default:
-		    flags = IODefaultCacheBits(pa);
-		    break;
-	
-		case kIOMapInhibitCache:
-		    flags = DEVICE_PAGER_CACHE_INHIB | 
-				    DEVICE_PAGER_COHERENT | DEVICE_PAGER_GUARDED;
-		    break;
-	
-		case kIOMapWriteThruCache:
-		    flags = DEVICE_PAGER_WRITE_THROUGH |
-				    DEVICE_PAGER_COHERENT | DEVICE_PAGER_GUARDED;
-		    break;
-
-		case kIOMapCopybackCache:
-		    flags = DEVICE_PAGER_COHERENT;
-		    break;
-
-		case kIOMapWriteCombineCache:
-		    flags = DEVICE_PAGER_CACHE_INHIB |
-				    DEVICE_PAGER_COHERENT;
-		    break;
-            }
-
-	    flags |= reserved->pagerContig ? DEVICE_PAGER_CONTIGUOUS : 0;
-
-            pager = device_pager_setup( (memory_object_t) 0, (int) reserved, 
-								size, flags);
-            assert( pager );
-
-            if( pager) {
-                kr = mach_memory_object_memory_entry_64( (host_t) 1, false /*internal*/, 
-                            size, VM_PROT_READ | VM_PROT_WRITE, pager, &sharedMem );
-
-                assert( KERN_SUCCESS == kr );
-                if( KERN_SUCCESS != kr) {
-		    device_pager_deallocate( pager );
-                    pager = MACH_PORT_NULL;
-                    sharedMem = MACH_PORT_NULL;
-                }
-            }
-	    if( pager && sharedMem)
-		reserved->devicePager    = pager;
-	    else {
-		IODelete( reserved, ExpansionData, 1 );
-		reserved = 0;
-	    }
-
+            else
+                kr = KERN_SUCCESS;
+
+            if( KERN_SUCCESS == kr)
+                kr = vm_map( addressMap,
+                             atAddress,
+                             length, 0 /* mask */, 
+                             (( options & kIOMapAnywhere ) ? VM_FLAGS_ANYWHERE : VM_FLAGS_FIXED)
+                             | VM_MAKE_TAG(VM_MEMORY_IOKIT), 
+                             sharedMem, sourceOffset,
+                             false, // copy
+                             prot, // cur
+                             prot, // max
+                             VM_INHERIT_NONE);
+        
         } while( false );
 
-        _memEntry = (void *) sharedMem;
-    }
-
-
-#ifndef i386
-    if( 0 == sharedMem)
-      kr = kIOReturnVMError;
-    else
-#endif
-      kr = super::doMap( addressMap, atAddress,
+    } else
+        kr = super::doMap( addressMap, atAddress,
                            options, sourceOffset, length );
-
     return( kr );
 }
 
@@ -1861,28 +1041,90 @@
 	IOByteCount		length )
 {
     // could be much better
-    if( _task && (addressMap == get_task_map(_task)) && (1 == _rangesCount)) {
-
-	IOOptionBits type = _flags & kIOMemoryTypeMask;
-	user_addr_t range0Addr;
-	IOByteCount range0Len;
-
-	getAddrLenForInd(range0Addr, range0Len, type, _ranges, 0);
-	if (logical == range0Addr && length <= range0Len)
+    if( _task && (addressMap == getMapForTask(_task, _ranges.v[0].address)) && (1 == _rangesCount)
+	 && (logical == _ranges.v[0].address)
+	 && (length <= _ranges.v[0].length) )
 	    return( kIOReturnSuccess );
-    }
 
     return( super::doUnmap( addressMap, logical, length ));
 }
 
 /* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */
 
-OSDefineMetaClassAndAbstractStructors( IOMemoryMap, OSObject )
-
-/* inline function implementation */
-IOPhysicalAddress IOMemoryMap::getPhysicalAddress()
-    { return( getPhysicalSegment( 0, 0 )); }
-
+extern "C" {
+// osfmk/device/iokit_rpc.c
+extern kern_return_t IOMapPages( vm_map_t map, vm_offset_t va, vm_offset_t pa,
+                                 vm_size_t length, unsigned int mapFlags);
+};
+
+/* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */
+
+static IORecursiveLock * gIOMemoryLock;
+
+#define LOCK	IORecursiveLockLock( gIOMemoryLock)
+#define UNLOCK	IORecursiveLockUnlock( gIOMemoryLock)
+
+/* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */
+
+OSDefineMetaClass( IOMemoryMap, OSObject )
+OSDefineAbstractStructors( IOMemoryMap, OSObject )
+
+/* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */
+
+class _IOMemoryMap : public IOMemoryMap
+{
+    OSDeclareDefaultStructors(_IOMemoryMap)
+
+    IOMemoryDescriptor * memory;
+    IOMemoryMap *	superMap;
+    IOByteCount		offset;
+    IOByteCount		length;
+    IOVirtualAddress	logical;
+    task_t		addressTask;
+    vm_map_t		addressMap;
+    IOOptionBits	options;
+
+public:
+    virtual void free();
+
+    // IOMemoryMap methods
+    virtual IOVirtualAddress 	getVirtualAddress();
+    virtual IOByteCount 	getLength();
+    virtual task_t		getAddressTask();
+    virtual IOMemoryDescriptor * getMemoryDescriptor();
+    virtual IOOptionBits 	getMapOptions();
+
+    virtual IOReturn 		unmap();
+    virtual void 		taskDied();
+
+    virtual IOPhysicalAddress 	getPhysicalSegment(IOByteCount offset,
+	       					   IOByteCount * length);
+
+    // for IOMemoryDescriptor use
+    _IOMemoryMap * isCompatible(
+		IOMemoryDescriptor *	owner,
+                task_t			intoTask,
+                IOVirtualAddress	toAddress,
+                IOOptionBits		options,
+                IOByteCount		offset,
+                IOByteCount		length );
+
+    bool init(
+	IOMemoryDescriptor *	memory,
+	IOMemoryMap *		superMap,
+        IOByteCount		offset,
+        IOByteCount		length );
+
+    bool init(
+	IOMemoryDescriptor *	memory,
+	task_t			intoTask,
+	IOVirtualAddress	toAddress,
+	IOOptionBits		options,
+        IOByteCount		offset,
+        IOByteCount		length );
+};
+
+/* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */
 
 #undef super
 #define super IOMemoryMap
@@ -1891,7 +1133,7 @@
 
 /* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */
 
-bool _IOMemoryMap::initCompatible(
+bool _IOMemoryMap::init(
 	IOMemoryDescriptor *	_memory,
 	IOMemoryMap *		_superMap,
         IOByteCount		_offset,
@@ -1921,7 +1163,7 @@
     return( true );
 }
 
-bool _IOMemoryMap::initWithDescriptor(
+bool _IOMemoryMap::init(
         IOMemoryDescriptor *	_memory,
         task_t			intoTask,
         IOVirtualAddress	toAddress,
@@ -1929,29 +1171,21 @@
         IOByteCount		_offset,
         IOByteCount		_length )
 {
-    bool ok;
-    bool redir = ((kIOMapUnique|kIOMapReference) == ((kIOMapUnique|kIOMapReference) & _options));
-
-    if ((!_memory) || (!intoTask))
+    bool	ok;
+
+    if( (!_memory) || (!intoTask) || !super::init())
 	return( false);
 
     if( (_offset + _length) > _memory->getLength())
 	return( false);
 
-    if (!redir)
-    {
-	if (!super::init())
-	    return(false);
-	addressMap  = get_task_map(intoTask);
-	if( !addressMap)
-	    return( false);
-	vm_map_reference(addressMap);
-	addressTask = intoTask;
-	logical	    = toAddress;
-	options     = _options;
-    }
+    addressMap  = get_task_map(intoTask);
+    if( !addressMap)
+	return( false);
+    kernel_vm_map_reference(addressMap);
 
     _memory->retain();
+    memory	= _memory;
 
     offset	= _offset;
     if( _length)
@@ -1959,377 +1193,116 @@
     else
         length	= _memory->getLength();
 
+    addressTask	= intoTask;
+    logical	= toAddress;
+    options 	= _options;
+
     if( options & kIOMapStatic)
 	ok = true;
     else
-	ok = (kIOReturnSuccess == _memory->doMap( addressMap, &toAddress,
-						  _options, offset, length ));
-    if (ok || redir)
-    {
-	if (memory)
-	    memory->release();
-	memory	= _memory;
-	logical = toAddress;
-    }
-    else
-    {
+	ok = (kIOReturnSuccess == memory->doMap( addressMap, &logical,
+						 options, offset, length ));
+    if( !ok) {
+	logical = 0;
         _memory->release();
-	if (!redir)
-	{
-	    logical = 0;
-	    memory = 0;
-	    vm_map_deallocate(addressMap);
-	    addressMap = 0;
-	}
-    }
-
+        vm_map_deallocate(addressMap);
+        addressMap = 0;
+    }
     return( ok );
 }
-
-/* LP64todo - these need to expand */
-struct IOMemoryDescriptorMapAllocRef
-{
-    ipc_port_t		sharedMem;
-    vm_size_t		size;
-    vm_offset_t		mapped;
-    IOByteCount		sourceOffset;
-    IOOptionBits	options;
-};
-
-static kern_return_t IOMemoryDescriptorMapAlloc(vm_map_t map, void * _ref)
-{
-    IOMemoryDescriptorMapAllocRef * ref = (IOMemoryDescriptorMapAllocRef *)_ref;
-    IOReturn			    err;
-
-    do {
-        if( ref->sharedMem) {
-            vm_prot_t prot = VM_PROT_READ
-                            | ((ref->options & kIOMapReadOnly) ? 0 : VM_PROT_WRITE);
-
-            // set memory entry cache
-            vm_prot_t memEntryCacheMode = prot | MAP_MEM_ONLY;
-            switch (ref->options & kIOMapCacheMask)
-            {
-		case kIOMapInhibitCache:
-                    SET_MAP_MEM(MAP_MEM_IO, memEntryCacheMode);
-                    break;
-	
-		case kIOMapWriteThruCache:
-                    SET_MAP_MEM(MAP_MEM_WTHRU, memEntryCacheMode);
-                    break;
-
-		case kIOMapWriteCombineCache:
-                    SET_MAP_MEM(MAP_MEM_WCOMB, memEntryCacheMode);
-                    break;
-
-		case kIOMapCopybackCache:
-                    SET_MAP_MEM(MAP_MEM_COPYBACK, memEntryCacheMode);
-                    break;
-
-		case kIOMapDefaultCache:
-		default:
-                    SET_MAP_MEM(MAP_MEM_NOOP, memEntryCacheMode);
-                    break;
-            }
-
-            vm_size_t unused = 0;
-
-            err = mach_make_memory_entry( NULL /*unused*/, &unused, 0 /*unused*/, 
-                                            memEntryCacheMode, NULL, ref->sharedMem );
-            if (KERN_SUCCESS != err)
-                IOLog("MAP_MEM_ONLY failed %d\n", err);
-
-            err = vm_map( map,
-                            &ref->mapped,
-                            ref->size, 0 /* mask */, 
-                            (( ref->options & kIOMapAnywhere ) ? VM_FLAGS_ANYWHERE : VM_FLAGS_FIXED)
-                            | VM_MAKE_TAG(VM_MEMORY_IOKIT), 
-                            ref->sharedMem, ref->sourceOffset,
-                            false, // copy
-                            prot, // cur
-                            prot, // max
-                            VM_INHERIT_NONE);
-
-            if( KERN_SUCCESS != err) {
-                ref->mapped = 0;
-                continue;
-            }
-    
-        } else {
-    
-            err = vm_allocate( map, &ref->mapped, ref->size,
-                            ((ref->options & kIOMapAnywhere) ? VM_FLAGS_ANYWHERE : VM_FLAGS_FIXED)
-                            | VM_MAKE_TAG(VM_MEMORY_IOKIT) );
-    
-            if( KERN_SUCCESS != err) {
-                ref->mapped = 0;
-                continue;
-            }
-    
-            // we have to make sure that these guys don't get copied if we fork.
-            err = vm_inherit( map, ref->mapped, ref->size, VM_INHERIT_NONE);
-            assert( KERN_SUCCESS == err );
-        }
-
-    } while( false );
-
-    return( err );
-}
-
 
 IOReturn IOMemoryDescriptor::doMap(
 	vm_map_t		addressMap,
 	IOVirtualAddress *	atAddress,
 	IOOptionBits		options,
-	IOByteCount		sourceOffset,
-	IOByteCount		length )
+	IOByteCount		sourceOffset = 0,
+	IOByteCount		length = 0 )
 {
     IOReturn		err = kIOReturnSuccess;
-    memory_object_t	pager;
+    vm_size_t		ourSize;
+    vm_size_t		bytes;
+    vm_offset_t		mapped;
     vm_address_t	logical;
     IOByteCount		pageOffset;
-    IOPhysicalAddress	sourceAddr;
-    IOMemoryDescriptorMapAllocRef	ref;
-
-    ref.sharedMem	= (ipc_port_t) _memEntry;
-    ref.sourceOffset	= sourceOffset;
-    ref.options		= options;
-
-    do {
-
-        if( 0 == length)
-            length = getLength();
-
-	sourceAddr = getSourceSegment( sourceOffset, NULL );
-	pageOffset = sourceAddr - trunc_page_32( sourceAddr );
-
-	ref.size = round_page_32( length + pageOffset );
-
-	if ((kIOMapReference|kIOMapUnique) == ((kIOMapReference|kIOMapUnique) & options))
-	{
-	    upl_t	  redirUPL2;
-	    vm_size_t	  size;
-	    int		  flags;
-
-	    _IOMemoryMap * mapping = (_IOMemoryMap *) *atAddress;
-	    ref.mapped = mapping->getVirtualAddress();
-    
-	    if (!_memEntry)
-	    {
-		err = kIOReturnNotReadable;
-		continue;
-	    }
-
-	    size = length;
-	    flags = UPL_COPYOUT_FROM | UPL_SET_INTERNAL 
-			| UPL_SET_LITE | UPL_SET_IO_WIRE | UPL_BLOCK_ACCESS;
-
-	    if (KERN_SUCCESS != memory_object_iopl_request((ipc_port_t) _memEntry, 0, &size, &redirUPL2,
-					    NULL, NULL,
-					    &flags))
-		redirUPL2 = NULL;
-
-	    err = upl_transpose(redirUPL2, mapping->redirUPL);
-	    if (kIOReturnSuccess != err)
-	    {
-		IOLog("upl_transpose(%x)\n", err);
-		err = kIOReturnSuccess;
-	    }
-
-	    if (redirUPL2)
-	    {
-		upl_commit(redirUPL2, NULL, 0);
-		upl_deallocate(redirUPL2);
-		redirUPL2 = 0;
-	    }
-	    {
-		// swap the memEntries since they now refer to different vm_objects
-		void * me = _memEntry;
-		_memEntry = mapping->memory->_memEntry;
-		mapping->memory->_memEntry = me;
-	    }
-	}
-	else
-	{
-    
-	    logical = *atAddress;
-	    if( options & kIOMapAnywhere) 
-		// vm_map looks for addresses above here, even when VM_FLAGS_ANYWHERE
-		ref.mapped = 0;
-	    else {
-		ref.mapped = trunc_page_32( logical );
-		if( (logical - ref.mapped) != pageOffset) {
-		    err = kIOReturnVMError;
-		    continue;
-		}
-	    }
-    
-	    if( ref.sharedMem && (addressMap == kernel_map) && (kIOMemoryBufferPageable & _flags))
-		err = IOIteratePageableMaps( ref.size, &IOMemoryDescriptorMapAlloc, &ref );
-	    else
-		err = IOMemoryDescriptorMapAlloc( addressMap, &ref );
-	}
-
-        if( err != KERN_SUCCESS)
-            continue;
-
-        if( reserved)
-            pager = (memory_object_t) reserved->devicePager;
-        else
-            pager = MACH_PORT_NULL;
-
-        if( !ref.sharedMem || pager )
-            err = handleFault( pager, addressMap, ref.mapped, sourceOffset, length, options );
-
-    } while( false );
-
+    IOPhysicalLength	segLen;
+    IOPhysicalAddress	physAddr;
+
+    if( 0 == length)
+	length = getLength();
+
+    physAddr = getPhysicalSegment( sourceOffset, &segLen );
+    assert( physAddr );
+
+    pageOffset = physAddr - trunc_page( physAddr );
+    ourSize = length + pageOffset;
+    physAddr -= pageOffset;
+
+    logical = *atAddress;
+    if( 0 == (options & kIOMapAnywhere)) {
+        mapped = trunc_page( logical );
+	if( (logical - mapped) != pageOffset)
+	    err = kIOReturnVMError;
+    }
+    if( kIOReturnSuccess == err)
+        err = vm_allocate( addressMap, &mapped, ourSize,
+			   ((options & kIOMapAnywhere) ? VM_FLAGS_ANYWHERE : VM_FLAGS_FIXED)
+                           | VM_MAKE_TAG(VM_MEMORY_IOKIT) );
+
+    if( err) {
+#ifdef DEBUG
+        kprintf("IOMemoryDescriptor::doMap: vm_allocate() "
+		"returned %08x\n", err);
+#endif
+        return( err);
+    }
+
+    // we have to make sure that these guys don't get copied if we fork.
+    err = vm_inherit( addressMap, mapped, ourSize, VM_INHERIT_NONE);
     if( err != KERN_SUCCESS) {
-        if( ref.mapped)
-            doUnmap( addressMap, ref.mapped, ref.size );
-        *atAddress = NULL;
-    } else
-        *atAddress = ref.mapped + pageOffset;
-
-    return( err );
-}
-
-enum {
-    kIOMemoryRedirected	= 0x00010000
-};
-
-IOReturn IOMemoryDescriptor::handleFault(
-        void *			_pager,
-	vm_map_t		addressMap,
-	IOVirtualAddress	address,
-	IOByteCount		sourceOffset,
-	IOByteCount		length,
-        IOOptionBits		options )
-{
-    IOReturn		err = kIOReturnSuccess;
-    memory_object_t	pager = (memory_object_t) _pager;
-    vm_size_t		size;
-    vm_size_t		bytes;
-    vm_size_t		page;
-    IOByteCount		pageOffset;
-    IOByteCount		pagerOffset;
-    IOPhysicalLength	segLen;
-    addr64_t		physAddr;
-
-    if( !addressMap) {
-
-        if( kIOMemoryRedirected & _flags) {
-#ifdef DEBUG
-            IOLog("sleep mem redirect %p, %lx\n", this, sourceOffset);
-#endif
-            do {
-	    	SLEEP;
-            } while( kIOMemoryRedirected & _flags );
-        }
-
-        return( kIOReturnSuccess );
-    }
-
-    physAddr = getPhysicalSegment64( sourceOffset, &segLen );
-    assert( physAddr );
-    pageOffset = physAddr - trunc_page_64( physAddr );
-    pagerOffset = sourceOffset;
-
-    size = length + pageOffset;
-    physAddr -= pageOffset;
+        doUnmap( addressMap, mapped, ourSize);	// back out
+        return( err);
+    }
+
+    logical = mapped;
+    *atAddress = mapped + pageOffset;
 
     segLen += pageOffset;
-    bytes = size;
+    bytes = ourSize;
     do {
 	// in the middle of the loop only map whole pages
 	if( segLen >= bytes)
 	    segLen = bytes;
-	else if( segLen != trunc_page_32( segLen))
+	else if( segLen != trunc_page( segLen))
 	    err = kIOReturnVMError;
-        if( physAddr != trunc_page_64( physAddr))
+        if( physAddr != trunc_page( physAddr))
 	    err = kIOReturnBadArgument;
 
 #ifdef DEBUG
 	if( kIOLogMapping & gIOKitDebug)
-	    IOLog("_IOMemoryMap::map(%p) %08lx->%08qx:%08lx\n",
-                addressMap, address + pageOffset, physAddr + pageOffset,
+	    kprintf("_IOMemoryMap::map(%x) %08x->%08x:%08x\n",
+                addressMap, mapped + pageOffset, physAddr + pageOffset,
 		segLen - pageOffset);
 #endif
 
-
-
-
-
-#ifdef i386  
-	/* i386 doesn't support faulting on device memory yet */
-	if( addressMap && (kIOReturnSuccess == err))
-            err = IOMapPages( addressMap, address, (IOPhysicalAddress) physAddr, segLen, options );
-        assert( KERN_SUCCESS == err );
+	if( kIOReturnSuccess == err)
+            err = IOMapPages( addressMap, mapped, physAddr, segLen, options );
 	if( err)
 	    break;
-#endif
-
-        if( pager) {
-            if( reserved && reserved->pagerContig) {
-                IOPhysicalLength	allLen;
-                addr64_t		allPhys;
-
-                allPhys = getPhysicalSegment64( 0, &allLen );
-                assert( allPhys );
-                err = device_pager_populate_object( pager, 0, allPhys >> PAGE_SHIFT, round_page_32(allLen) );
-
-            } else {
-
-	    for( page = 0;
-                     (page < segLen) && (KERN_SUCCESS == err);
-                     page += page_size) {
-                        err = device_pager_populate_object(pager, pagerOffset,
-                        	(ppnum_t)((physAddr + page) >> PAGE_SHIFT), page_size);
-			pagerOffset += page_size;
-                }
-            }
-            assert( KERN_SUCCESS == err );
-            if( err)
-                break;
-        }
-#ifndef i386
-	/*  *** ALERT *** */
-	/*  *** Temporary Workaround *** */
-
-	/* This call to vm_fault causes an early pmap level resolution	*/
-	/* of the mappings created above.  Need for this is in absolute	*/
-	/* violation of the basic tenet that the pmap layer is a cache.	*/
-	/* Further, it implies a serious I/O architectural violation on	*/
-	/* the part of some user of the mapping.  As of this writing, 	*/
-	/* the call to vm_fault is needed because the NVIDIA driver 	*/
-	/* makes a call to pmap_extract.  The NVIDIA driver needs to be	*/
-	/* fixed as soon as possible.  The NVIDIA driver should not 	*/
-	/* need to query for this info as it should know from the doMap	*/
-	/* call where the physical memory is mapped.  When a query is 	*/
-	/* necessary to find a physical mapping, it should be done 	*/
-	/* through an iokit call which includes the mapped memory 	*/
-	/* handle.  This is required for machine architecture independence.*/
-
-	if(!(kIOMemoryRedirected & _flags)) {
-		vm_fault(addressMap, 
-			 (vm_map_offset_t)address, 
-			 VM_PROT_READ|VM_PROT_WRITE, 
-			 FALSE, THREAD_UNINT, NULL, 
-			 (vm_map_offset_t)0);
-	}
-
-	/*  *** Temporary Workaround *** */
-	/*  *** ALERT *** */
-#endif
+
 	sourceOffset += segLen - pageOffset;
-	address += segLen;
+	mapped += segLen;
 	bytes -= segLen;
 	pageOffset = 0;
 
     } while( bytes
-	&& (physAddr = getPhysicalSegment64( sourceOffset, &segLen )));
+	&& (physAddr = getPhysicalSegment( sourceOffset, &segLen )));
 
     if( bytes)
         err = kIOReturnBadArgument;
+    if( err)
+	doUnmap( addressMap, logical, ourSize );
+    else
+        mapped = true;
 
     return( err );
 }
@@ -2347,97 +1320,10 @@
                 addressMap, logical, length );
 #endif
 
-    if( true /* && (addressMap == kernel_map) || (addressMap == get_task_map(current_task()))*/) {
-
-        if( _memEntry && (addressMap == kernel_map) && (kIOMemoryBufferPageable & _flags))
-            addressMap = IOPageableMapForAddress( logical );
-
+    if( (addressMap == kernel_map) || (addressMap == get_task_map(current_task())))
         err = vm_deallocate( addressMap, logical, length );
-
-    } else
+    else
         err = kIOReturnSuccess;
-
-    return( err );
-}
-
-IOReturn IOMemoryDescriptor::redirect( task_t safeTask, bool doRedirect )
-{
-    IOReturn		err = kIOReturnSuccess;
-    _IOMemoryMap *	mapping = 0;
-    OSIterator *	iter;
-
-    LOCK;
-
-    if( doRedirect)
-        _flags |= kIOMemoryRedirected;
-    else
-        _flags &= ~kIOMemoryRedirected;
-
-    do {
-	if( (iter = OSCollectionIterator::withCollection( _mappings))) {
-	    while( (mapping = (_IOMemoryMap *) iter->getNextObject()))
-		mapping->redirect( safeTask, doRedirect );
-
-	    iter->release();
-	}
-    } while( false );
-
-    if (!doRedirect)
-    {
-        WAKEUP;
-    }
-
-    UNLOCK;
-
-    // temporary binary compatibility
-    IOSubMemoryDescriptor * subMem;
-    if( (subMem = OSDynamicCast( IOSubMemoryDescriptor, this)))
-	err = subMem->redirect( safeTask, doRedirect );
-    else
-	err = kIOReturnSuccess;
-
-    return( err );
-}
-
-IOReturn IOSubMemoryDescriptor::redirect( task_t safeTask, bool doRedirect )
-{
-    return( _parent->redirect( safeTask, doRedirect ));
-}
-
-IOReturn _IOMemoryMap::redirect( task_t safeTask, bool doRedirect )
-{
-    IOReturn err = kIOReturnSuccess;
-
-    if( superMap) {
-//        err = ((_IOMemoryMap *)superMap)->redirect( safeTask, doRedirect );
-    } else {
-
-        LOCK;
-        if( logical && addressMap
-	&& (!safeTask || (get_task_map(safeTask) != addressMap))
-        && (0 == (options & kIOMapStatic)))
-	{
-	    IOUnmapPages( addressMap, logical, length );
-            if(!doRedirect && safeTask
-	     && ((memory->_flags & kIOMemoryTypeMask) == kIOMemoryTypePhysical))
-	     {
-                err = vm_deallocate( addressMap, logical, length );
-                err = memory->doMap( addressMap, &logical,
-                                     (options & ~kIOMapAnywhere) /*| kIOMapReserve*/,
-                                     offset, length );
-            } else
-                err = kIOReturnSuccess;
-#ifdef DEBUG
-	    IOLog("IOMemoryMap::redirect(%d, %p) %x:%lx from %p\n", doRedirect, this, logical, length, addressMap);
-#endif
-        }
-        UNLOCK;
-    }
-
-    if (((memory->_flags & kIOMemoryTypeMask) == kIOMemoryTypePhysical) 
-     && safeTask
-     && (doRedirect != (0 != (memory->_flags & kIOMemoryRedirected))))
-	memory->redirect(safeTask, doRedirect);
 
     return( err );
 }
@@ -2474,17 +1360,6 @@
     }
     addressTask	= 0;
     logical	= 0;
-    UNLOCK;
-}
-
-// Overload the release mechanism.  All mappings must be a member
-// of a memory descriptors _mappings set.  This means that we
-// always have 2 references on a mapping.  When either of these mappings
-// are released we need to free ourselves.
-void _IOMemoryMap::taggedRelease(const void *tag) const
-{
-    LOCK;
-    super::taggedRelease(tag, 2);
     UNLOCK;
 }
 
@@ -2499,20 +1374,8 @@
 	memory->release();
     }
 
-    if (owner && (owner != memory))
-    {
-        LOCK;
-	owner->removeMapping(this);
-	UNLOCK;
-    }
-
     if( superMap)
 	superMap->release();
-
-    if (redirUPL) {
-	upl_commit(redirUPL, NULL, 0);
-	upl_deallocate(redirUPL);
-    }
 
     super::free();
 }
@@ -2545,7 +1408,7 @@
     return( memory );
 }
 
-_IOMemoryMap * _IOMemoryMap::copyCompatible(
+_IOMemoryMap * _IOMemoryMap::isCompatible(
 		IOMemoryDescriptor *	owner,
                 task_t			task,
                 IOVirtualAddress	toAddress,
@@ -2555,14 +1418,9 @@
 {
     _IOMemoryMap * mapping;
 
-    if( (!task) || (!addressMap) || (addressMap != get_task_map(task)))
+    if( (!task) || (task != getAddressTask()))
 	return( 0 );
-    if( options & kIOMapUnique)
-	return( 0 );
-    if( (options ^ _options) & kIOMapReadOnly)
-	return( 0 );
-    if( (kIOMapDefaultCache != (_options & kIOMapCacheMask)) 
-     && ((options ^ _options) & kIOMapCacheMask))
+    if( (options ^ _options) & (kIOMapCacheMask | kIOMapReadOnly))
 	return( 0 );
 
     if( (0 == (_options & kIOMapAnywhere)) && (logical != toAddress))
@@ -2583,7 +1441,7 @@
     } else {
         mapping = new _IOMemoryMap;
         if( mapping
-        && !mapping->initCompatible( owner, this, _offset, _length )) {
+        && !mapping->init( owner, this, _offset, _length )) {
             mapping->release();
             mapping = 0;
         }
@@ -2593,12 +1451,12 @@
 }
 
 IOPhysicalAddress _IOMemoryMap::getPhysicalSegment( IOByteCount _offset,
-	       					    IOPhysicalLength * _length)
+	       					    IOPhysicalLength * length)
 {
     IOPhysicalAddress	address;
 
     LOCK;
-    address = memory->getPhysicalSegment( offset + _offset, _length );
+    address = memory->getPhysicalSegment( offset + _offset, length );
     UNLOCK;
 
     return( address );
@@ -2615,9 +1473,6 @@
 {
     if( 0 == gIOMemoryLock)
 	gIOMemoryLock = IORecursiveLockAlloc();
-
-    IORegistryEntry::getRegistryRoot()->setProperty(kIOMaximumMappedIOByteCountKey,
-						    ptoa_64(gIOMaximumMappedIOPageCount), 64);
 }
 
 void IOMemoryDescriptor::free( void )
@@ -2631,30 +1486,30 @@
 IOMemoryMap * IOMemoryDescriptor::setMapping(
 	task_t			intoTask,
 	IOVirtualAddress	mapAddress,
-	IOOptionBits		options )
-{
-    _IOMemoryMap *		newMap;
-
-    newMap = new _IOMemoryMap;
+	IOOptionBits		options = 0 )
+{
+    _IOMemoryMap *		map;
+
+    map = new _IOMemoryMap;
 
     LOCK;
 
-    if( newMap
-     && !newMap->initWithDescriptor( this, intoTask, mapAddress,
+    if( map
+     && !map->init( this, intoTask, mapAddress,
                     options | kIOMapStatic, 0, getLength() )) {
-	newMap->release();
-	newMap = 0;
-    }
-
-    addMapping( newMap);
+	map->release();
+	map = 0;
+    }
+
+    addMapping( map);
 
     UNLOCK;
 
-    return( newMap);
+    return( map);
 }
 
 IOMemoryMap * IOMemoryDescriptor::map( 
-	IOOptionBits		options )
+	IOOptionBits		options = 0 )
 {
 
     return( makeMapping( this, kernel_task, 0,
@@ -2666,76 +1521,13 @@
 	task_t			intoTask,
 	IOVirtualAddress	toAddress,
 	IOOptionBits		options,
-	IOByteCount		offset,
-	IOByteCount		length )
+	IOByteCount		offset = 0,
+	IOByteCount		length = 0 )
 {
     if( 0 == length)
 	length = getLength();
 
     return( makeMapping( this, intoTask, toAddress, options, offset, length ));
-}
-
-IOReturn _IOMemoryMap::redirect(IOMemoryDescriptor * newBackingMemory,
-			        IOOptionBits         options,
-			        IOByteCount          offset)
-{
-    IOReturn err = kIOReturnSuccess;
-    IOMemoryDescriptor * physMem = 0;
-
-    LOCK;
-
-    if (logical && addressMap) do 
-    {
-	if ((memory->_flags & kIOMemoryTypeMask) == kIOMemoryTypePhysical)
-	{
-	    physMem = memory;
-	    physMem->retain();
-	}
-
-	if (!redirUPL)
-	{
-	    vm_size_t size = length;
-	    int flags = UPL_COPYOUT_FROM | UPL_SET_INTERNAL 
-			| UPL_SET_LITE | UPL_SET_IO_WIRE | UPL_BLOCK_ACCESS;
-	    if (KERN_SUCCESS != memory_object_iopl_request((ipc_port_t) memory->_memEntry, 0, &size, &redirUPL,
-					    NULL, NULL,
-					    &flags))
-		redirUPL = 0;
-
-	    if (physMem)
-	    {
-		IOUnmapPages( addressMap, logical, length );
-		physMem->redirect(0, true);
-	    }
-	}
-
-	if (newBackingMemory)
-	{
-	    if (newBackingMemory != memory)
-	    {
-		if (this != newBackingMemory->makeMapping(newBackingMemory, addressTask, (IOVirtualAddress) this, 
-							    options | kIOMapUnique | kIOMapReference,
-							    offset, length))
-		    err = kIOReturnError;
-	    }
-	    if (redirUPL)
-	    {
-		upl_commit(redirUPL, NULL, 0);
-		upl_deallocate(redirUPL);
-		redirUPL = 0;
-	    }
-	    if (physMem)
-		physMem->redirect(0, false);
-	}
-    }
-    while (false);
-
-    UNLOCK;
-
-    if (physMem)
-	physMem->release();
-
-    return (err);
 }
 
 IOMemoryMap * IOMemoryDescriptor::makeMapping(
@@ -2746,126 +1538,49 @@
 	IOByteCount		offset,
 	IOByteCount		length )
 {
-    IOMemoryDescriptor * mapDesc = 0;
     _IOMemoryMap *	mapping = 0;
     OSIterator *	iter;
 
     LOCK;
 
-    do
-    {
-	if (kIOMapUnique & options)
-	{
-	    IOPhysicalAddress phys;
-	    IOByteCount       physLen;
-
-	    if (owner != this)
-		continue;
-
-	    if ((_flags & kIOMemoryTypeMask) == kIOMemoryTypePhysical)
-	    {
-		phys = getPhysicalSegment(offset, &physLen);
-		if (!phys || (physLen < length))
-		    continue;
-    
-		mapDesc = IOMemoryDescriptor::withPhysicalAddress(
-				phys, length, _direction);
-		if (!mapDesc)
-		    continue;
-		offset = 0;
-	    }
-	    else
-	    {
-		mapDesc = this;
-		mapDesc->retain();
-	    }
-
-	    if (kIOMapReference & options)
-	    {
-		mapping = (_IOMemoryMap *) toAddress;
-		mapping->retain();
-
-#if 1
-		uint32_t pageOffset1 = mapDesc->getSourceSegment( offset, NULL );
-		pageOffset1 -= trunc_page_32( pageOffset1 );
-
-		uint32_t pageOffset2 = mapping->getVirtualAddress();
-		pageOffset2 -= trunc_page_32( pageOffset2 );
-		
-		if (pageOffset1 != pageOffset2)
-		    IOLog("::redirect can't map offset %x to addr %x\n", 
-			    pageOffset1, mapping->getVirtualAddress());
-#endif
-
-
-		if (!mapping->initWithDescriptor( mapDesc, intoTask, toAddress, options,
-						    offset, length ))
-		{
-#ifdef DEBUG
-		    IOLog("Didn't redirect map %08lx : %08lx\n", offset, length );
-#endif
-		}
-
-		if (mapping->owner)
-		    mapping->owner->removeMapping(mapping);
-		continue;
-	    }
-	}
-	else
-	{
-	    // look for an existing mapping
-	    if( (iter = OSCollectionIterator::withCollection( _mappings))) {
-    
-		while( (mapping = (_IOMemoryMap *) iter->getNextObject())) {
-    
-		    if( (mapping = mapping->copyCompatible( 
-					    owner, intoTask, toAddress,
-					    options | kIOMapReference,
-					    offset, length )))
-			break;
-		}
-		iter->release();
-	    }
-
-
-	if (mapping)
-	    mapping->retain();
-
-	    if( mapping || (options & kIOMapReference))
-		continue;
-
-	    mapDesc = owner;
-	    mapDesc->retain();
-	}
+    do {
+	// look for an existing mapping
+	if( (iter = OSCollectionIterator::withCollection( _mappings))) {
+
+            while( (mapping = (_IOMemoryMap *) iter->getNextObject())) {
+
+		if( (mapping = mapping->isCompatible( 
+					owner, intoTask, toAddress,
+					options | kIOMapReference,
+					offset, length )))
+		    break;
+            }
+            iter->release();
+            if( mapping)
+                continue;
+        }
+
+
+	if( mapping || (options & kIOMapReference))
+	    continue;
+
 	owner = this;
 
         mapping = new _IOMemoryMap;
 	if( mapping
-	&& !mapping->initWithDescriptor( mapDesc, intoTask, toAddress, options,
+	&& !mapping->init( owner, intoTask, toAddress, options,
 			   offset, length )) {
-#ifdef DEBUG
+
 	    IOLog("Didn't make map %08lx : %08lx\n", offset, length );
-#endif
 	    mapping->release();
             mapping = 0;
 	}
 
-	if (mapping)
-	    mapping->retain();
-
     } while( false );
 
-    if (mapping)
-    {
-	mapping->owner = owner;
-	owner->addMapping( mapping);
-	mapping->release();
-    }
+    owner->addMapping( mapping);
 
     UNLOCK;
-
-    if (mapDesc)
-	mapDesc->release();
 
     return( mapping);
 }
@@ -2876,16 +1591,19 @@
     if( mapping) {
         if( 0 == _mappings)
             _mappings = OSSet::withCapacity(1);
-	if( _mappings )
-	    _mappings->setObject( mapping );
+	if( _mappings && _mappings->setObject( mapping ))
+	    mapping->release(); 	/* really */
     }
 }
 
 void IOMemoryDescriptor::removeMapping(
 	IOMemoryMap * mapping )
 {
-    if( _mappings)
+    if( _mappings) {
+        mapping->retain();
+        mapping->retain();
         _mappings->removeObject( mapping);
+    }
 }
 
 /* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */
@@ -2899,38 +1617,22 @@
 
 bool IOSubMemoryDescriptor::initSubRange( IOMemoryDescriptor * parent,
 					IOByteCount offset, IOByteCount length,
-					IODirection direction )
-{
+					IODirection withDirection )
+{
+    if( !super::init())
+	return( false );
+
     if( !parent)
 	return( false);
 
     if( (offset + length) > parent->getLength())
 	return( false);
-
-    /*
-     * We can check the _parent instance variable before having ever set it
-     * to an initial value because I/O Kit guarantees that all our instance
-     * variables are zeroed on an object's allocation.
-     */
-
-    if( !_parent) {
-	if( !super::init())
-	    return( false );
-    } else {
-	/*
-	 * An existing memory descriptor is being retargeted to
-	 * point to somewhere else.  Clean up our present state.
-	 */
-
-	_parent->release();
-	_parent = 0;
-    }
 
     parent->retain();
     _parent	= parent;
     _start	= offset;
     _length	= length;
-    _direction  = direction;
+    _direction  = withDirection;
     _tag	= parent->getTag();
 
     return( true );
@@ -2967,49 +1669,32 @@
     return( address );
 }
 
-
-IOReturn IOSubMemoryDescriptor::doMap(
-	vm_map_t		addressMap,
-	IOVirtualAddress *	atAddress,
-	IOOptionBits		options,
-	IOByteCount		sourceOffset,
-	IOByteCount		length )
-{
-    if( sourceOffset >= _length)
-        return( kIOReturnOverrun );
-    return (_parent->doMap(addressMap, atAddress, options, sourceOffset + _start, length));
-}
-
-IOPhysicalAddress IOSubMemoryDescriptor::getSourceSegment( IOByteCount offset,
-						      	   IOByteCount * length )
-{
-    IOPhysicalAddress	address;
-    IOByteCount		actualLength;
+void * IOSubMemoryDescriptor::getVirtualSegment(IOByteCount offset,
+					IOByteCount * lengthOfSegment)
+{
+    return( 0 );
+}
+
+IOByteCount IOSubMemoryDescriptor::readBytes(IOByteCount offset,
+					void * bytes, IOByteCount withLength)
+{
+    IOByteCount	byteCount;
 
     assert(offset <= _length);
-
-    if( length)
-        *length = 0;
 
     if( offset >= _length)
         return( 0 );
 
-    address = _parent->getSourceSegment( offset + _start, &actualLength );
-
-    if( address && length)
-	*length = min( _length - offset, actualLength );
-
-    return( address );
-}
-
-void * IOSubMemoryDescriptor::getVirtualSegment(IOByteCount offset,
-					IOByteCount * lengthOfSegment)
-{
-    return( 0 );
-}
-
-IOByteCount IOSubMemoryDescriptor::readBytes(IOByteCount offset,
-					void * bytes, IOByteCount length)
+    LOCK;
+    byteCount = _parent->readBytes( _start + offset, bytes,
+				min(withLength, _length - offset) );
+    UNLOCK;
+
+    return( byteCount );
+}
+
+IOByteCount IOSubMemoryDescriptor::writeBytes(IOByteCount offset,
+				const void* bytes, IOByteCount withLength)
 {
     IOByteCount	byteCount;
 
@@ -3019,63 +1704,15 @@
         return( 0 );
 
     LOCK;
-    byteCount = _parent->readBytes( _start + offset, bytes,
-				min(length, _length - offset) );
+    byteCount = _parent->writeBytes( _start + offset, bytes,
+				min(withLength, _length - offset) );
     UNLOCK;
 
     return( byteCount );
 }
 
-IOByteCount IOSubMemoryDescriptor::writeBytes(IOByteCount offset,
-				const void* bytes, IOByteCount length)
-{
-    IOByteCount	byteCount;
-
-    assert(offset <= _length);
-
-    if( offset >= _length)
-        return( 0 );
-
-    LOCK;
-    byteCount = _parent->writeBytes( _start + offset, bytes,
-				min(length, _length - offset) );
-    UNLOCK;
-
-    return( byteCount );
-}
-
-IOReturn IOSubMemoryDescriptor::setPurgeable( IOOptionBits newState,
-                                    IOOptionBits * oldState )
-{
-    IOReturn err;
-
-    LOCK;
-    err = _parent->setPurgeable( newState, oldState );
-    UNLOCK;
-
-    return( err );
-}
-
-IOReturn IOSubMemoryDescriptor::performOperation( IOOptionBits options,
-                                        IOByteCount offset, IOByteCount length )
-{
-    IOReturn err;
-
-    assert(offset <= _length);
-
-    if( offset >= _length)
-        return( kIOReturnOverrun );
-
-    LOCK;
-    err = _parent->performOperation( options, _start + offset,
-                                      min(length, _length - offset) );
-    UNLOCK;
-
-    return( err );
-}
-
 IOReturn IOSubMemoryDescriptor::prepare(
-		IODirection forDirection)
+		IODirection forDirection = kIODirectionNone)
 {
     IOReturn	err;
 
@@ -3087,7 +1724,7 @@
 }
 
 IOReturn IOSubMemoryDescriptor::complete(
-		IODirection forDirection)
+		IODirection forDirection = kIODirectionNone)
 {
     IOReturn	err;
 
@@ -3106,22 +1743,15 @@
 	IOByteCount		offset,
 	IOByteCount		length )
 {
-    IOMemoryMap * mapping = 0;
-
-    if (!(kIOMapUnique & options))
-	mapping = (IOMemoryMap *) _parent->makeMapping(
+    IOMemoryMap * mapping;
+
+     mapping = (IOMemoryMap *) _parent->makeMapping(
 					_parent, intoTask,
 					toAddress - (_start + offset),
 					options | kIOMapReference,
 					_start + offset, length );
 
     if( !mapping)
-        mapping = (IOMemoryMap *) _parent->makeMapping(
-					_parent, intoTask,
-					toAddress,
-					options, _start + offset, length );
-
-    if( !mapping)
 	mapping = super::makeMapping( owner, intoTask, toAddress, options,
 					offset, length );
 
@@ -3132,17 +1762,17 @@
 
 bool
 IOSubMemoryDescriptor::initWithAddress(void *      address,
-                                    IOByteCount   length,
-                                    IODirection direction)
+                                    IOByteCount   withLength,
+                                    IODirection withDirection)
 {
     return( false );
 }
 
 bool
 IOSubMemoryDescriptor::initWithAddress(vm_address_t address,
-                                    IOByteCount    length,
-                                    IODirection  direction,
-                                    task_t       task)
+                                    IOByteCount    withLength,
+                                    IODirection  withDirection,
+                                    task_t       withTask)
 {
     return( false );
 }
@@ -3150,8 +1780,8 @@
 bool
 IOSubMemoryDescriptor::initWithPhysicalAddress(
 				 IOPhysicalAddress	address,
-				 IOByteCount		length,
-				 IODirection      	direction )
+				 IOByteCount		withLength,
+				 IODirection      	withDirection )
 {
     return( false );
 }
@@ -3160,9 +1790,9 @@
 IOSubMemoryDescriptor::initWithRanges(
                                    	IOVirtualRange * ranges,
                                    	UInt32           withCount,
-                                   	IODirection      direction,
-                                   	task_t           task,
-                                  	bool             asReference)
+                                   	IODirection      withDirection,
+                                   	task_t           withTask,
+                                  	bool             asReference = false)
 {
     return( false );
 }
@@ -3170,164 +1800,19 @@
 bool
 IOSubMemoryDescriptor::initWithPhysicalRanges(	IOPhysicalRange * ranges,
                                         	UInt32           withCount,
-                                        	IODirection      direction,
-                                        	bool             asReference)
+                                        	IODirection      withDirection,
+                                        	bool             asReference = false)
 {
     return( false );
 }
 
 /* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */
 
-bool IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::serialize(OSSerialize * s) const
-{
-    OSSymbol const *keys[2];
-    OSObject *values[2];
-    struct SerData {
-	user_addr_t address;
-	user_size_t length;
-    } *vcopy;
-    unsigned int index, nRanges;
-    bool result;
-
-    IOOptionBits type = _flags & kIOMemoryTypeMask;
-
-    if (s == NULL) return false;
-    if (s->previouslySerialized(this)) return true;
-
-    // Pretend we are an array.
-    if (!s->addXMLStartTag(this, "array")) return false;
-
-    nRanges = _rangesCount;
-    vcopy = (SerData *) IOMalloc(sizeof(SerData) * nRanges);
-    if (vcopy == 0) return false;
-
-    keys[0] = OSSymbol::withCString("address");
-    keys[1] = OSSymbol::withCString("length");
-
-    result = false;
-    values[0] = values[1] = 0;
-
-    // From this point on we can go to bail.
-
-    // Copy the volatile data so we don't have to allocate memory
-    // while the lock is held.
-    LOCK;
-    if (nRanges == _rangesCount) {
-	Ranges vec = _ranges;
-        for (index = 0; index < nRanges; index++) {
-	    user_addr_t addr; IOByteCount len;
-	    getAddrLenForInd(addr, len, type, vec, index);
-            vcopy[index].address = addr;
-            vcopy[index].length  = len;
-        }
-    } else {
-	// The descriptor changed out from under us.  Give up.
-        UNLOCK;
-	result = false;
-        goto bail;
-    }
-    UNLOCK;
-
-    for (index = 0; index < nRanges; index++)
-    {
-	user_addr_t addr = vcopy[index].address;
-	IOByteCount len = (IOByteCount) vcopy[index].length;
-	values[0] =
-	    OSNumber::withNumber(addr, (((UInt64) addr) >> 32)? 64 : 32);
-	if (values[0] == 0) {
-	  result = false;
-	  goto bail;
-	}
-	values[1] = OSNumber::withNumber(len, sizeof(len) * 8);
-	if (values[1] == 0) {
-	  result = false;
-	  goto bail;
-	}
-        OSDictionary *dict = OSDictionary::withObjects((const OSObject **)values, (const OSSymbol **)keys, 2);
-	if (dict == 0) {
-	  result = false;
-	  goto bail;
-	}
-	values[0]->release();
-	values[1]->release();
-	values[0] = values[1] = 0;
-
-	result = dict->serialize(s);
-	dict->release();
-	if (!result) {
-	  goto bail;
-	}
-    }
-    result = s->addXMLEndTag("array");
-
- bail:
-    if (values[0])
-      values[0]->release();
-    if (values[1])
-      values[1]->release();
-    if (keys[0])
-      keys[0]->release();
-    if (keys[1])
-      keys[1]->release();
-    if (vcopy)
-        IOFree(vcopy, sizeof(IOVirtualRange) * nRanges);
-    return result;
-}
-
-bool IOSubMemoryDescriptor::serialize(OSSerialize * s) const
-{
-    if (!s) {
-	return (false);
-    }
-    if (s->previouslySerialized(this)) return true;
-
-    // Pretend we are a dictionary.
-    // We must duplicate the functionality of OSDictionary here
-    // because otherwise object references will not work;
-    // they are based on the value of the object passed to
-    // previouslySerialized and addXMLStartTag.
-
-    if (!s->addXMLStartTag(this, "dict")) return false;
-
-    char const *keys[3] = {"offset", "length", "parent"};
-
-    OSObject *values[3];
-    values[0] = OSNumber::withNumber(_start, sizeof(_start) * 8);
-    if (values[0] == 0)
-	return false;
-    values[1] = OSNumber::withNumber(_length, sizeof(_length) * 8);
-    if (values[1] == 0) {
-	values[0]->release();
-	return false;
-    }
-    values[2] = _parent;
-
-    bool result = true;
-    for (int i=0; i<3; i++) {
-        if (!s->addString("<key>") ||
-	    !s->addString(keys[i]) ||
-	    !s->addXMLEndTag("key") ||
-	    !values[i]->serialize(s)) {
-	  result = false;
-	  break;
-        }
-    }
-    values[0]->release();
-    values[1]->release();
-    if (!result) {
-      return false;
-    }
-
-    return s->addXMLEndTag("dict");
-}
-
-/* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */
-
-OSMetaClassDefineReservedUsed(IOMemoryDescriptor, 0);
-OSMetaClassDefineReservedUsed(IOMemoryDescriptor, 1);
-OSMetaClassDefineReservedUsed(IOMemoryDescriptor, 2);
-OSMetaClassDefineReservedUsed(IOMemoryDescriptor, 3);
-OSMetaClassDefineReservedUsed(IOMemoryDescriptor, 4);
+OSMetaClassDefineReservedUnused(IOMemoryDescriptor, 0);
+OSMetaClassDefineReservedUnused(IOMemoryDescriptor, 1);
+OSMetaClassDefineReservedUnused(IOMemoryDescriptor, 2);
+OSMetaClassDefineReservedUnused(IOMemoryDescriptor, 3);
+OSMetaClassDefineReservedUnused(IOMemoryDescriptor, 4);
 OSMetaClassDefineReservedUnused(IOMemoryDescriptor, 5);
 OSMetaClassDefineReservedUnused(IOMemoryDescriptor, 6);
 OSMetaClassDefineReservedUnused(IOMemoryDescriptor, 7);
@@ -3339,7 +1824,3 @@
 OSMetaClassDefineReservedUnused(IOMemoryDescriptor, 13);
 OSMetaClassDefineReservedUnused(IOMemoryDescriptor, 14);
 OSMetaClassDefineReservedUnused(IOMemoryDescriptor, 15);
-
-/* ex-inline function implementation */
-IOPhysicalAddress IOMemoryDescriptor::getPhysicalAddress()
-        { return( getPhysicalSegment( 0, 0 )); }