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iokit/Kernel/IONVRAM.cpp xnu-12377.101.15 xnu-8792.81.2
--- xnu/xnu-12377.101.15/iokit/Kernel/IONVRAM.cpp
+++ xnu/xnu-8792.81.2/iokit/Kernel/IONVRAM.cpp
@@ -39,7 +39,6 @@
 #include <IOKit/IOBSD.h>
 #include <kern/debug.h>
 #include <os/system_event_log.h>
-#include <pexpert/boot.h>
 #include <sys/csr.h>
 
 #define super IOService
@@ -53,10 +52,9 @@
 
 #define MAX_VAR_NAME_SIZE     63
 
-#define kNVRAMBankSizeKey     "nvram-bank-size"
-#define kNVRAMBankCountKey    "nvram-bank-count"
-#define kNVRAMCurrentBankKey  "nvram-current-bank"
-#define kNVRAMClearTestVarKey "clear-test-vars"
+#define kNVRAMBankSizeKey    "nvram-bank-size"
+#define kNVRAMBankCountKey   "nvram-bank-count"
+#define kNVRAMCurrentBankKey "nvram-current-bank"
 
 #define kCurrentGenerationCountKey "Generation"
 #define kCurrentNVRAMVersionKey    "Version"
@@ -67,32 +65,17 @@
 #define kIONVRAMPrivilege       kIOClientPrivilegeAdministrator
 
 #define MIN_SYNC_NOW_INTERVAL 15*60 /* Minimum 15 Minutes interval mandated */
-
-enum IONVRAMLogging {
-	kIONVRAMNoLogs      = 0,
-	kIONVRAMInfoLogs    = 1,
-	kIONVRAMErrorLogs   = 2,
-	kIONVRAMDataHexDump = 4
-};
-
-#define IS_LOG_BIT_SET(level) ((gNVRAMLogging & (level)) != 0)
 
 #if defined(DEBUG) || defined(DEVELOPMENT)
 #define DEBUG_IFERROR(err, fmt, args...)                                     \
 ({                                                                           \
-	if ((err != kIOReturnSuccess) || IS_LOG_BIT_SET(kIONVRAMErrorLogs))      \
+	if ((err != kIOReturnSuccess) || gNVRAMLogging)                          \
 	IOLog("%s:%s:%u - " fmt, __FILE_NAME__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, ##args); \
 })
 
-#define DEBUG_INFO_IF(log, fmt, args...)                                     \
-({                                                                           \
-	if ((log) && IS_LOG_BIT_SET(kIONVRAMInfoLogs))                           \
-	IOLog("%s:%s:%u - " fmt, __FILE_NAME__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, ##args); \
-})
-
 #define DEBUG_INFO(fmt, args...)                                             \
 ({                                                                           \
-	if (IS_LOG_BIT_SET(kIONVRAMInfoLogs))                                    \
+	if (gNVRAMLogging)                                                       \
 	IOLog("%s:%s:%u - " fmt, __FILE_NAME__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, ##args); \
 })
 
@@ -104,77 +87,53 @@
 #define DEBUG_IFERROR(err, fmt, args...) (void)NULL
 #define DEBUG_INFO(fmt, args...) (void)NULL
 #define DEBUG_ALWAYS(fmt, args...) (void)NULL
-#define DEBUG_INFO_IF(fmt, args...) (void)NULL
 #endif
 
 #define DEBUG_ERROR DEBUG_ALWAYS
 
 #define SAFE_TO_LOCK() (preemption_enabled() && !panic_active())
 
-#define NVRAMLOCK(lock)       \
-({                            \
-	if (SAFE_TO_LOCK())       \
-	        IOLockLock(lock); \
+#define CONTROLLERLOCK()                     \
+({                                           \
+	if (SAFE_TO_LOCK())                  \
+	        IOLockLock(_controllerLock); \
 })
 
-#define NVRAMUNLOCK(lock)       \
-({                              \
-	if (SAFE_TO_LOCK())         \
-	        IOLockUnlock(lock); \
+#define CONTROLLERUNLOCK()                     \
+({                                             \
+	if (SAFE_TO_LOCK())                    \
+	        IOLockUnlock(_controllerLock); \
 })
 
-#define NVRAMLOCKASSERTHELD(lock)                   \
-({                                                  \
-	if (SAFE_TO_LOCK())                             \
-	        IOLockAssert(lock, kIOLockAssertOwned); \
+#define NVRAMREADLOCK()                       \
+({                                            \
+	if (SAFE_TO_LOCK())                   \
+	        IORWLockRead(_variableLock);  \
 })
 
-#define NVRAMREADLOCK(lock)     \
-({                              \
-	if (SAFE_TO_LOCK())         \
-	        IORWLockRead(lock); \
+#define NVRAMWRITELOCK()                      \
+({                                            \
+	if (SAFE_TO_LOCK())                   \
+	        IORWLockWrite(_variableLock); \
 })
 
-#define NVRAMWRITELOCK(lock)     \
-({                               \
-	if (SAFE_TO_LOCK())          \
-	        IORWLockWrite(lock); \
+#define NVRAMUNLOCK()                          \
+({                                             \
+	if (SAFE_TO_LOCK())                    \
+	        IORWLockUnlock(_variableLock); \
 })
 
-#define NVRAMRWUNLOCK(lock)       \
-({                                \
-	if (SAFE_TO_LOCK())           \
-	        IORWLockUnlock(lock); \
+#define NVRAMLOCKASSERTHELD()                                       \
+({                                                                  \
+	if (SAFE_TO_LOCK())                                         \
+	        IORWLockAssert(_variableLock, kIORWLockAssertHeld); \
 })
 
-#define NVRAMRWUNLOCKANDWRITE(lock) \
-({                                  \
-	NVRAMRWUNLOCK(lock);            \
-	NVRAMWRITELOCK(lock);           \
+#define NVRAMLOCKASSERTEXCLUSIVE()                                   \
+({                                                                   \
+	if (SAFE_TO_LOCK())                                          \
+	        IORWLockAssert(_variableLock, kIORWLockAssertWrite); \
 })
-
-#define NVRAMRWLOCKASSERTHELD(lock)                    \
-({                                                     \
-	if (SAFE_TO_LOCK())                                \
-	        IORWLockAssert(lock, kIORWLockAssertHeld); \
-})
-
-#define NVRAMRWLOCKASSERTEXCLUSIVE(lock)                \
-({                                                      \
-	if (SAFE_TO_LOCK())                                 \
-	        IORWLockAssert(lock, kIORWLockAssertWrite); \
-})
-
-// MOD = Write, Delete
-// RST = Reset, Obliterate
-// RD  = Read
-// DEL = Delete
-#define OP_RD          ((1 << kIONVRAMOperationRead))
-#define OP_RST         ((1 << kIONVRAMOperationObliterate) | (1 << kIONVRAMOperationReset))
-#define OP_DEL         ((1 << kIONVRAMOperationDelete))
-#define OP_MOD         ((1 << kIONVRAMOperationWrite)      | OP_DEL)
-#define OP_MOD_RD      (OP_RD  | OP_MOD)
-#define OP_MOD_RST     (OP_MOD | OP_RST)
 
 enum NVRAMVersion {
 	kNVRAMVersionUnknown,
@@ -192,28 +151,11 @@
 // 7C436110-AB2A-4BBB-A880-FE41995C9F82
 UUID_DEFINE(gAppleNVRAMGuid, 0x7C, 0x43, 0x61, 0x10, 0xAB, 0x2A, 0x4B, 0xBB, 0xA8, 0x80, 0xFE, 0x41, 0x99, 0x5C, 0x9F, 0x82);
 
-// Wifi NVRAM namespace
-// 36C28AB5-6566-4C50-9EBD-CBB920F83843
-UUID_DEFINE(gAppleWifiGuid, 0x36, 0xC2, 0x8A, 0xB5, 0x65, 0x66, 0x4C, 0x50, 0x9E, 0xBD, 0xCB, 0xB9, 0x20, 0xF8, 0x38, 0x43);
-
-// Prefix for kernel-only variables
-#define KERNEL_ONLY_VAR_NAME_PREFIX "krn."
-
-static TUNABLE(uint8_t, gNVRAMLogging, "nvram-log", kIONVRAMNoLogs);
-static TUNABLE(bool, gRestoreBoot, "-restore", false);
+static TUNABLE(bool, gNVRAMLogging, "nvram-log", false);
 static bool gInternalBuild = false;
-
-// IONVRAMSystemVariableListInternal:
-// Used for internal builds only
-// "force-lock-bits" used by fwam over ssh nvram to device so they are unable to use entitlements
-// "stress-rack" used in SEG stress-rack restore prdocs
-#define IONVRAMSystemVariableListInternal IONVRAMSystemVariableList, \
-	                                      "force-lock-bits", \
-	                                      "stress-rack"
 
 // allowlist variables from macboot that need to be set/get from system region if present
 static const char * const gNVRAMSystemList[] = { IONVRAMSystemVariableList, nullptr };
-static const char * const gNVRAMSystemListInternal[] = { IONVRAMSystemVariableListInternal, nullptr };
 
 typedef struct {
 	const char *name;
@@ -243,7 +185,6 @@
 	{"input-device", kOFVariableTypeString},
 	{"input-device-1", kOFVariableTypeString},
 	{"little-endian?", kOFVariableTypeBoolean},
-	{"ldm", kOFVariableTypeBoolean},
 	{"load-base", kOFVariableTypeNumber},
 	{"mouse-device", kOFVariableTypeString},
 	{"nvramrc", kOFVariableTypeString},
@@ -266,11 +207,7 @@
 	{"use-nvramrc?", kOFVariableTypeBoolean},
 	{"virt-base", kOFVariableTypeNumber},
 	{"virt-size", kOFVariableTypeNumber},
-	// Variables used for testing
-	{"test-bool", kOFVariableTypeBoolean},
-	{"test-num", kOFVariableTypeNumber},
-	{"test-str", kOFVariableTypeString},
-	{"test-data", kOFVariableTypeData},
+
 #if !defined(__x86_64__)
 	{"acc-cm-override-charger-count", kOFVariableTypeNumber},
 	{"acc-cm-override-count", kOFVariableTypeNumber},
@@ -291,9 +228,6 @@
 		uint64_t NeverAllowedToDelete :1;
 		uint64_t SystemReadHidden     :1;
 		uint64_t FullAccess           :1;
-		uint64_t InternalOnly         :1;
-		uint64_t TestingOnly          :1;
-		uint64_t RestoreModifyOnly    :1;
 		uint64_t Reserved:57;
 	} Bits;
 	uint64_t Uint64;
@@ -311,7 +245,6 @@
 	 .p.Bits.NeverAllowedToDelete = 1},
 	{"boot-image", .p.Bits.UserWrite = 1},
 	{"com.apple.System.fp-state", .p.Bits.KernelOnly = 1},
-	{"enable-ephdm", .p.Bits.RestoreModifyOnly = 1},
 	{"fm-account-masked", .p.Bits.RootRequired = 1,
 	 .p.Bits.NeverAllowedToDelete = 1},
 	{"fm-activation-locked", .p.Bits.RootRequired = 1,
@@ -331,68 +264,13 @@
 	{"acc-mb-ld-lifetime", .p.Bits.KernelOnly = 1},
 	{"backlight-level", .p.Bits.UserWrite = 1},
 	{"backlight-nits", .p.Bits.UserWrite = 1},
-	{"ldm", .p.Bits.KernelOnly = 1},
 	{"com.apple.System.boot-nonce", .p.Bits.KernelOnly = 1},
 	{"com.apple.System.sep.art", .p.Bits.KernelOnly = 1},
 	{"darkboot", .p.Bits.UserWrite = 1},
 	{"nonce-seeds", .p.Bits.KernelOnly = 1},
 #endif /* !defined(__x86_64__) */
-	// Variables used for testing permissions
-	{"testSysReadHidden", .p.Bits.SystemReadHidden = 1,
-	 .p.Bits.TestingOnly = 1},
-	{"testKernelOnly", .p.Bits.KernelOnly = 1,
-	 .p.Bits.TestingOnly = 1},
-	{"testResetOnlyDel", .p.Bits.ResetNVRAMOnlyDelete = 1,
-	 .p.Bits.TestingOnly = 1},
-	{"testNeverDel", .p.Bits.NeverAllowedToDelete = 1,
-	 .p.Bits.TestingOnly = 1},
-	{"testUserWrite", .p.Bits.UserWrite = 1,
-	 .p.Bits.TestingOnly = 1},
-	{"testRootReq", .p.Bits.RootRequired = 1,
-	 .p.Bits.TestingOnly = 1},
-	{"reclaim-int", .p.Bits.InternalOnly = 1},
+
 	{nullptr, {.Bits.FullAccess = 1}} // Default access
-};
-
-typedef struct {
-	const uint8_t checkOp;
-	const uuid_t  *varGuid;
-	const char    *varName;
-	const char    *varEntitlement;
-} VariableEntitlementEntry;
-
-// variable-guid pair entries that require entitlement check to do specified nvram operations
-static const
-VariableEntitlementEntry gVariableEntitlements[] = {
-	{OP_MOD_RST, &gAppleNVRAMGuid, "ownership-warning", "com.apple.private.iokit.ddl-write"},
-	{OP_MOD, &gAppleSystemVariableGuid, "BluetoothInfo", "com.apple.private.iokit.nvram-bluetooth"},
-	{OP_MOD, &gAppleSystemVariableGuid, "BluetoothUHEDevices", "com.apple.private.iokit.nvram-bluetooth"},
-	{OP_MOD, &gAppleNVRAMGuid, "bluetoothExternalDongleFailed", "com.apple.private.iokit.nvram-bluetooth"},
-	{OP_MOD, &gAppleNVRAMGuid, "bluetoothInternalControllerInfo", "com.apple.private.iokit.nvram-bluetooth"},
-	{OP_RD, &gAppleSystemVariableGuid, "current-network", "com.apple.private.security.nvram.wifi-psks"},
-	{OP_RD, &gAppleWifiGuid, "current-network", "com.apple.private.security.nvram.wifi-psks"},
-	{OP_RD, &gAppleSystemVariableGuid, "preferred-networks", "com.apple.private.security.nvram.wifi-psks"},
-	{OP_RD, &gAppleWifiGuid, "preferred-networks", "com.apple.private.security.nvram.wifi-psks"},
-	{OP_RD, &gAppleSystemVariableGuid, "preferred-count", "com.apple.private.security.nvram.wifi-psks"},
-	{OP_RD, &gAppleWifiGuid, "preferred-count", "com.apple.private.security.nvram.wifi-psks"},
-	{OP_MOD_RD, &gAppleSystemVariableGuid, "fmm-mobileme-token-FMM", "com.apple.private.security.nvram.fmm"},
-	{OP_MOD_RD, &gAppleNVRAMGuid, "fmm-mobileme-token-FMM", "com.apple.private.security.nvram.fmm"},
-	{OP_MOD_RD, &gAppleSystemVariableGuid, "fmm-mobileme-token-FMM-BridgeHasAccount", "com.apple.private.security.nvram.fmm"},
-	{OP_MOD_RD, &gAppleNVRAMGuid, "fmm-mobileme-token-FMM-BridgeHasAccount", "com.apple.private.security.nvram.fmm"},
-	{OP_MOD_RD, &gAppleSystemVariableGuid, "fmm-computer-name", "com.apple.private.security.nvram.fmm"},
-	{OP_MOD_RD, &gAppleNVRAMGuid, "fmm-computer-name", "com.apple.private.security.nvram.fmm"},
-	{OP_MOD, &gAppleSystemVariableGuid, "rdma-enable", "com.apple.private.iokit.rdma"},
-	{OP_MOD, &gAppleNVRAMGuid, "rdma-enable", "com.apple.private.iokit.rdma"},
-	// Variables used for testing entitlement
-	{OP_MOD_RST, &gAppleNVRAMGuid, "testEntModRst", "com.apple.private.iokit.testEntModRst"},
-	{OP_MOD_RST, &gAppleSystemVariableGuid, "testEntModRstSys", "com.apple.private.iokit.testEntModRst"},
-	{OP_RST, &gAppleNVRAMGuid, "testEntRst", "com.apple.private.iokit.testEntRst"},
-	{OP_RST, &gAppleSystemVariableGuid, "testEntRstSys", "com.apple.private.iokit.testEntRst"},
-	{OP_RD, &gAppleNVRAMGuid, "testEntRd", "com.apple.private.iokit.testEntRd"},
-	{OP_RD, &gAppleSystemVariableGuid, "testEntRdSys", "com.apple.private.iokit.testEntRd"},
-	{OP_DEL, &gAppleNVRAMGuid, "testEntDel", "com.apple.private.iokit.testEntDel"},
-	{OP_DEL, &gAppleSystemVariableGuid, "testEntDelSys", "com.apple.private.iokit.testEntDel"},
-	{0, &UUID_NULL, nullptr, nullptr}
 };
 
 static NVRAMPartitionType
@@ -447,10 +325,9 @@
 variableInAllowList(const char *varName)
 {
 	unsigned int i = 0;
-	const char * const *list = gInternalBuild ? gNVRAMSystemListInternal : gNVRAMSystemList;
-
-	while (list[i] != nullptr) {
-		if (strcmp(varName, list[i]) == 0) {
+
+	while (gNVRAMSystemList[i] != nullptr) {
+		if (strcmp(varName, gNVRAMSystemList[i]) == 0) {
 			return true;
 		}
 		i++;
@@ -463,7 +340,11 @@
 verifyWriteSizeLimit(const uuid_t varGuid, const char *variableName, size_t propDataSize)
 {
 	if (variableInAllowList(variableName)) {
-		return propDataSize <= BOOT_LINE_LENGTH;
+		if (strnstr(variableName, "breadcrumbs", strlen(variableName)) != NULL) {
+			return propDataSize <= 1024;
+		} else {
+			return propDataSize <= 768;
+		}
 	}
 
 	return true;
@@ -492,6 +373,106 @@
 }
 #endif
 
+static bool
+verifyPermission(IONVRAMOperation op, const uuid_t varGuid, const char *varName)
+{
+	VariablePermission perm;
+	bool kernel, writeEntitled = false, readEntitled = false, allowList, systemGuid = false, systemEntitled = false, systemInternalEntitled = false, systemAllow, systemReadHiddenAllow = false;
+	bool admin = false;
+	bool ok = false;
+
+	perm = getVariablePermission(varName);
+
+	kernel = current_task() == kernel_task;
+
+	if (perm.Bits.KernelOnly) {
+		DEBUG_INFO("KernelOnly access for %s, kernel=%d\n", varName, kernel);
+		ok = kernel;
+		goto exit;
+	}
+
+	allowList              = variableInAllowList(varName);
+	systemGuid             = uuid_compare(varGuid, gAppleSystemVariableGuid) == 0;
+	admin                  = IOUserClient::clientHasPrivilege(current_task(), kIONVRAMPrivilege) == kIOReturnSuccess;
+	writeEntitled          = IOCurrentTaskHasEntitlement(kIONVRAMWriteAccessKey);
+	readEntitled           = IOCurrentTaskHasEntitlement(kIONVRAMReadAccessKey);
+	systemEntitled         = IOCurrentTaskHasEntitlement(kIONVRAMSystemAllowKey);
+	systemInternalEntitled = IOCurrentTaskHasEntitlement(kIONVRAMSystemInternalAllowKey);
+	systemReadHiddenAllow  = IOCurrentTaskHasEntitlement(kIONVRAMSystemHiddenAllowKey);
+
+	systemAllow = systemEntitled || (systemInternalEntitled && gInternalBuild) || kernel;
+
+	switch (op) {
+	case kIONVRAMOperationRead:
+		if (systemGuid && perm.Bits.SystemReadHidden) {
+			ok = systemReadHiddenAllow;
+		} else if (kernel || admin || readEntitled || perm.Bits.FullAccess) {
+			ok = true;
+		}
+		break;
+
+	case kIONVRAMOperationWrite:
+		if (kernel || perm.Bits.UserWrite || admin || writeEntitled) {
+			if (systemGuid) {
+				if (allowList) {
+					if (!systemAllow) {
+						DEBUG_ERROR("Allowed write to system region when NOT entitled for %s\n", varName);
+					}
+				} else if (!systemAllow) {
+					DEBUG_ERROR("Not entitled for system region writes for %s\n", varName);
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+			ok = true;
+		}
+		break;
+
+	case kIONVRAMOperationDelete:
+	case kIONVRAMOperationObliterate:
+	case kIONVRAMOperationReset:
+		if (perm.Bits.NeverAllowedToDelete) {
+			DEBUG_INFO("Never allowed to delete %s\n", varName);
+			break;
+		} else if ((op == kIONVRAMOperationObliterate) && perm.Bits.ResetNVRAMOnlyDelete) {
+			DEBUG_INFO("Not allowed to obliterate %s\n", varName);
+			break;
+		} else if ((op == kIONVRAMOperationDelete) && perm.Bits.ResetNVRAMOnlyDelete) {
+			DEBUG_INFO("Only allowed to delete %s via NVRAM reset\n", varName);
+			break;
+		}
+
+		if (kernel || perm.Bits.UserWrite || admin || writeEntitled) {
+			if (systemGuid) {
+				if (allowList) {
+					if (!systemAllow) {
+						DEBUG_ERROR("Allowed delete to system region when NOT entitled for %s\n", varName);
+					}
+				} else if (!systemAllow) {
+					DEBUG_ERROR("Not entitled for system region deletes for %s\n", varName);
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+			ok = true;
+		}
+		break;
+
+	case kIONVRAMOperationInit:
+		break;
+	}
+
+exit:
+	DEBUG_INFO("Permission for %s of %s %s: kern=%d, adm=%d, wE=%d, rE=%d, sG=%d, sEd=%d, sIEd=%d, sRHA=%d, UW=%d\n", getNVRAMOpString(op), varName, ok ? "granted" : "denied",
+	    kernel, admin, writeEntitled, readEntitled, systemGuid, systemEntitled, systemInternalEntitled, systemReadHiddenAllow, perm.Bits.UserWrite);
+
+	return ok;
+}
+
+static bool
+verifyPermission(IONVRAMOperation op, const uuid_t varGuid, const OSSymbol *varName)
+{
+	return verifyPermission(op, varGuid, varName->getCStringNoCopy());
+}
+
 /*
  * Parse a variable name of the form "GUID:name".
  * If the name cannot be parsed, substitute the Apple global variable GUID.
@@ -530,228 +511,6 @@
 }
 
 static bool
-parseVariableName(const OSSymbol *key, uuid_t *guidResult, const char **nameResult)
-{
-	return parseVariableName(key->getCStringNoCopy(), guidResult, nameResult);
-}
-
-/**
- * @brief Translates(if needed) varGuid and stores it in destGuid
- *
- * @param varGuid       guid to translate
- * @param variableName  variable name attached to the guid
- * @param destGuid      translated guid is saved here
- * @param systemActive  boolean to indicate if it has system partition size > 0
- */
-static void
-translateGUID(const uuid_t varGuid, const char *variableName, uuid_t destGuid, bool systemActive, bool log)
-{
-	if (varGuid == nullptr || variableName == nullptr || destGuid == nullptr) {
-		DEBUG_ERROR("nullptr passed as an argument\n");
-		return;
-	}
-
-	bool systemGuid = uuid_compare(varGuid, gAppleSystemVariableGuid) == 0;
-
-	if (systemActive) {
-		if (variableInAllowList(variableName)) {
-			DEBUG_INFO_IF(log, "Using system GUID due to allow list\n");
-			uuid_copy(destGuid, gAppleSystemVariableGuid);
-		} else if (systemGuid) {
-			DEBUG_INFO_IF(log, "System GUID used\n");
-			uuid_copy(destGuid, gAppleSystemVariableGuid);
-		} else {
-			DEBUG_INFO_IF(log, "Use given guid\n");
-			uuid_copy(destGuid, varGuid);
-		}
-	} else if (systemGuid) {
-		DEBUG_INFO_IF(log, "Overriding to Apple guid\n");
-		uuid_copy(destGuid, gAppleNVRAMGuid);
-	} else {
-		DEBUG_INFO_IF(log, "Use given guid\n");
-		uuid_copy(destGuid, varGuid);
-	}
-}
-
-/**
- * @brief Checks if the variable-guid(translated) pair is present in gVariableEntitlements and if so,
- *        does it have the required entitlement for the NVRAM operation passed in
- *
- * @param varGuid       guid for the variable to be checked, this gets translated by translateGUID
- * @param varName       variable name
- * @param op            NVRAM operation
- * @param systemActive  used to pass into translateGUID to get the correct guid to check against
- * @param veChecked     if variable entitlement is checked, this is set to true
- * @return true         if variable wasn't present in gVariableEntitlements,
- *                      entitlement check wasn't required for operation passed in,
- *                      or if entitlement check returned true
- * @return false        if varName/varGuid/veChecked was NULL or if entitlement check returned false
- */
-static bool
-verifyVarEntitlement(const uuid_t varGuid, const char *varName, IONVRAMOperation op, bool systemActive, bool *veChecked, bool log)
-{
-	if (varGuid == nullptr || varName == nullptr || veChecked == nullptr) {
-		DEBUG_ERROR("nullptr passed as an argument\n");
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	uuid_t translatedGuid;
-	const VariableEntitlementEntry *entry;
-	*veChecked = false;
-
-	translateGUID(varGuid, varName, translatedGuid, systemActive, log);
-
-	entry = gVariableEntitlements;
-	while ((entry != nullptr) && (entry->varName != nullptr)) {
-		if ((strcmp(entry->varName, varName) == 0) && (uuid_compare(translatedGuid, *(entry->varGuid)) == 0)) {
-			// check if task entitlement check is required for this operation
-			if (entry->checkOp & (1 << op)) {
-				*veChecked = true;
-				DEBUG_INFO_IF(log, "Checking entitlement %s for %s for operation %s\n", entry->varEntitlement, varName, getNVRAMOpString(op));
-				return IOCurrentTaskHasEntitlement(entry->varEntitlement);
-			}
-			break;
-		}
-		entry++;
-	}
-
-	return true;
-}
-
-static bool
-kernelOnlyVar(const char *varName)
-{
-	if (strncmp(varName, KERNEL_ONLY_VAR_NAME_PREFIX, sizeof(KERNEL_ONLY_VAR_NAME_PREFIX) - 1) == 0) {
-		return true;
-	}
-
-	return false;
-}
-
-static bool
-verifyPermission(IONVRAMOperation op, const uuid_t varGuid, const char *varName, const bool systemActive, bool log)
-{
-	VariablePermission perm;
-	bool kernel, varEntitled, writeEntitled = false, readEntitled = false, allowList, systemGuid = false, systemEntitled = false, systemInternalEntitled = false, systemAllow, systemReadHiddenAllow = false;
-	bool admin = false;
-	bool ok = false;
-
-	if (verifyVarEntitlement(varGuid, varName, op, systemActive, &varEntitled, log) == false) {
-		goto exit;
-	}
-
-	perm = getVariablePermission(varName);
-
-	kernel = current_task() == kernel_task;
-	if (perm.Bits.KernelOnly || kernelOnlyVar(varName)) {
-		DEBUG_INFO_IF(log, "KernelOnly access for %s, kernel=%d\n", varName, kernel);
-		ok = kernel;
-		goto exit;
-	}
-
-	if (perm.Bits.RestoreModifyOnly && (OP_MOD & (1 << op))) {
-		DEBUG_INFO_IF(log, "RestoreModifyOnly access for %s, gRestoreBoot=%d\n", varName, gRestoreBoot);
-		ok = gRestoreBoot;
-		goto exit;
-	}
-
-	if (perm.Bits.InternalOnly && !gInternalBuild) {
-		DEBUG_INFO_IF(log, "InternalOnly access for %s, gInternalBuild=%d\n", varName, gInternalBuild);
-		goto exit;
-	}
-
-	allowList              = variableInAllowList(varName);
-	systemGuid             = uuid_compare(varGuid, gAppleSystemVariableGuid) == 0;
-	admin                  = IOUserClient::clientHasPrivilege(current_task(), kIONVRAMPrivilege) == kIOReturnSuccess;
-	writeEntitled          = IOCurrentTaskHasEntitlement(kIONVRAMWriteAccessKey);
-	readEntitled           = IOCurrentTaskHasEntitlement(kIONVRAMReadAccessKey);
-	systemEntitled         = IOCurrentTaskHasEntitlement(kIONVRAMSystemAllowKey);
-	systemInternalEntitled = IOCurrentTaskHasEntitlement(kIONVRAMSystemInternalAllowKey);
-	systemReadHiddenAllow  = IOCurrentTaskHasEntitlement(kIONVRAMSystemHiddenAllowKey);
-
-	systemAllow = systemEntitled || (systemInternalEntitled && gInternalBuild) || kernel;
-
-	switch (op) {
-	case kIONVRAMOperationRead:
-		if (systemGuid && perm.Bits.SystemReadHidden) {
-			ok = systemReadHiddenAllow;
-		} else if (kernel || admin || readEntitled || perm.Bits.FullAccess || varEntitled) {
-			ok = true;
-		}
-		break;
-
-	case kIONVRAMOperationWrite:
-		if (kernel || perm.Bits.UserWrite || admin || writeEntitled || varEntitled) {
-			if (systemGuid) {
-				if (allowList) {
-					if (!systemAllow) {
-						DEBUG_ERROR("Allowed write to system region when NOT entitled for %s\n", varName);
-					}
-				} else if (varEntitled) {
-					DEBUG_INFO_IF(log, "Allowed write to system region using variable specific entitlement for %s\n", varName);
-				} else if (!systemAllow) {
-					DEBUG_ERROR("Not entitled for system region writes for %s\n", varName);
-					break;
-				}
-			}
-			ok = true;
-		}
-		break;
-
-	case kIONVRAMOperationDelete:
-	case kIONVRAMOperationObliterate:
-	case kIONVRAMOperationReset:
-		if (perm.Bits.NeverAllowedToDelete) {
-			DEBUG_INFO_IF(log, "Never allowed to delete %s\n", varName);
-			break;
-		} else if ((op == kIONVRAMOperationObliterate) && perm.Bits.ResetNVRAMOnlyDelete) {
-			DEBUG_INFO_IF(log, "Not allowed to obliterate %s\n", varName);
-			break;
-		} else if ((op == kIONVRAMOperationDelete) && perm.Bits.ResetNVRAMOnlyDelete) {
-			DEBUG_INFO_IF(log, "Only allowed to delete %s via NVRAM reset\n", varName);
-			break;
-		}
-
-		if (kernel || perm.Bits.UserWrite || admin || writeEntitled || varEntitled) {
-			if (systemGuid) {
-				if (allowList) {
-					if (!systemAllow) {
-						DEBUG_ERROR("Allowed delete to system region when NOT entitled for %s\n", varName);
-					}
-				} else if (varEntitled) {
-					DEBUG_INFO_IF(log, "Allowed delete to system region using variable specific entitlement for %s\n", varName);
-				} else if (!systemAllow) {
-					DEBUG_ERROR("Not entitled for system region deletes for %s\n", varName);
-					break;
-				}
-			}
-			ok = true;
-		}
-		break;
-
-	case kIONVRAMOperationInit:
-		break;
-	}
-
-exit:
-	DEBUG_INFO_IF(log, "Permission for %s of %s %s: I=%d R=%d kern=%d, adm=%d, wE=%d, rE=%d, sG=%d, sEd=%d, sIEd=%d, sRHA=%d, UW=%d, vE=%d\n", getNVRAMOpString(op), varName, ok ? "granted" : "denied",
-	    gInternalBuild, gRestoreBoot, kernel, admin, writeEntitled, readEntitled, systemGuid, systemEntitled, systemInternalEntitled, systemReadHiddenAllow, perm.Bits.UserWrite, varEntitled);
-
-	return ok;
-}
-
-static bool
-verifyPermission(IONVRAMOperation op, const OSSymbol *canonicalKey, const bool systemActive)
-{
-	const char *varName;
-	uuid_t varGuid;
-
-	parseVariableName(canonicalKey->getCStringNoCopy(), &varGuid, &varName);
-
-	return verifyPermission(op, varGuid, varName, systemActive, true);
-}
-
-static bool
 skipKey(const OSSymbol *aKey)
 {
 	return aKey->isEqualTo(kIORegistryEntryAllowableSetPropertiesKey) ||
@@ -763,100 +522,9 @@
 	       aKey->isEqualTo(kIOBSDMinorKey) ||
 	       aKey->isEqualTo(kIOBSDUnitKey) ||
 	       aKey->isEqualTo(kIOUserServicePropertiesKey) ||
-	       aKey->isEqualTo(kIOExclaveAssignedKey) ||
-	       aKey->isEqualTo(kIOMatchCategoryKey) ||
-	       aKey->isEqualTo(kIOBusyInterest);
-}
-
-static OSSharedPtr<const OSSymbol>
-keyWithGuidAndCString(const uuid_t guid, const char * cstring)
-{
-	size_t                      length;
-	OSSharedPtr<const OSSymbol> symbolObj;
-	char                        *canonicalString;
-
-	length = sizeof(uuid_string_t) - 1 + sizeof(':') + strlen(cstring) + 1;
-
-	canonicalString = (char *) IOMallocZeroData(length);
-	if (canonicalString == nullptr) {
-		return NULL;
-	}
-
-	uuid_unparse(guid, *((uuid_string_t*)canonicalString));
-	canonicalString[sizeof(uuid_string_t) - 1] = ':';
-
-	strlcpy(&canonicalString[sizeof(uuid_string_t)], cstring, length - sizeof(uuid_string_t));
-
-	symbolObj = OSSymbol::withCString(canonicalString);
-	IOFreeData(canonicalString, length);
-
-	return symbolObj;
-}
-
-static void
-dumpDict(OSSharedPtr<OSDictionary> dict)
-{
-	const OSSymbol                    *key;
-	OSSharedPtr<OSCollectionIterator> iter;
-	unsigned int                      count = 0;
-
-	iter = OSCollectionIterator::withCollection(dict.get());
-	require_action(iter, exit, DEBUG_ERROR("Failed to create iterator\n"));
-
-	DEBUG_INFO("Dumping dict...\n");
-	while ((key = OSDynamicCast(OSSymbol, iter->getNextObject()))) {
-		count++;
-		DEBUG_INFO("%u: %s\n", count, key->getCStringNoCopy());
-	}
-exit:
-	return;
-}
-
-static void
-dumpData(const char *name, OSSharedPtr<OSData> propData)
-{
-	if (!IS_LOG_BIT_SET(kIONVRAMDataHexDump) || !propData) {
-		return;
-	}
-
-	uint8_t *dataBuf = (uint8_t *)propData->getBytesNoCopy();
-	size_t propDataSize = propData->getLength();
-
-	if (dataBuf == nullptr || propDataSize == 0) {
-		return;
-	}
-
-	IOLog("%s:%s:%u - %s: ", __FILE_NAME__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, name);
-	for (size_t i = 0; i < propDataSize; i++) {
-		// if printable character, use that
-		if ((dataBuf[i] >= 0x20 && dataBuf[i] <= 0x7e) && dataBuf[i] != '%') {
-			IOLog("%c", dataBuf[i]);
-		} else {
-			IOLog("%%%02x", dataBuf[i]);
-		}
-	}
-	IOLog("\n");
-}
-
-
-typedef struct {
-	const char            *name;
-	OSSharedPtr<OSObject> value;
-} ephDMAllowListEntry;
-
-// common region variables to preserve on ephemeral boot
-static
-ephDMAllowListEntry ephDMEntries[] = {
-	// Mobile Obliteration clears the following variables after it runs
-	{ .name = "oblit-begins" },
-	{ .name = "orig-oblit" },
-	{ .name = "oblit-failure" },
-	{ .name = "oblit-inprogress" },
-	{ .name = "obliteration" },
-	// darwin-init is used for configuring internal builds
-	{ .name = "darwin-init" },
-	{ .name = "darwin-init-system" }
-};
+	       aKey->isEqualTo(kIOMatchCategoryKey);
+}
+
 
 // ************************** IODTNVRAMPlatformNotifier ****************************
 // private IOService based class for passing notifications to IODTNVRAM
@@ -950,14 +618,14 @@
 	OSDeclareDefaultStructors(IODTNVRAMDiags)
 private:
 	IODTNVRAM                 *_provider;
-	IORWLock                  *_diagLock;
+	IORWLock                  *_variableLock;
 	OSSharedPtr<OSDictionary> _stats;
 
 	bool serializeStats(void *, OSSerialize * serializer);
 
 public:
 	bool start(IOService * provider) APPLE_KEXT_OVERRIDE;
-	void logVariable(NVRAMPartitionType region, IONVRAMOperation op, const char *name, void *data = nullptr, void *offset = nullptr);
+	void logVariable(NVRAMPartitionType region, IONVRAMOperation op, const char *name, void *data);
 };
 
 OSDefineMetaClassAndStructors(IODTNVRAMDiags, IOService)
@@ -967,14 +635,14 @@
 {
 	OSSharedPtr<OSSerializer> serializer;
 
+	require(super::start(provider), error);
+
+	_variableLock = IORWLockAlloc();
+	require(_variableLock != nullptr, error);
+
 	_provider = OSDynamicCast(IODTNVRAM, provider);
 	require(_provider != nullptr, error);
 
-	require(super::start(provider), error);
-
-	_diagLock = IORWLockAlloc();
-	require(_diagLock != nullptr, error);
-
 	_stats = OSDictionary::withCapacity(1);
 	require(_stats != nullptr, error);
 
@@ -994,22 +662,21 @@
 }
 
 void
-IODTNVRAMDiags::logVariable(NVRAMPartitionType region, IONVRAMOperation op, const char *name, void *data, void *offset)
+IODTNVRAMDiags::logVariable(NVRAMPartitionType region, IONVRAMOperation op, const char *name, void *data)
 {
 	// "Stats"        : OSDictionary
 	// - "XX:varName" : OSDictionary, XX is the region value prefix to distinguish which dictionary the variable is in
-	//   - "Init"     : OSNumber variable offset (in the proxy image passed via EDT) if variable is present at initialization (unserialize)
+	//   - "Init"     : OSBoolean True/present if variable present at initialization
 	//   - "Read"     : OSNumber count
 	//   - "Write"    : OSNumber count
 	//   - "Delete"   : OSNumber count
-	//   - "Size"     : OSNumber data size, latest size from either init or write
+	//   - "Size"     : OSNumber size, latest size from either init or write
 	//   - "Present"  : OSBoolean True/False if variable is present or not
 	char                      *entryKey;
 	size_t                    entryKeySize;
 	OSSharedPtr<OSDictionary> existingEntry;
 	OSSharedPtr<OSNumber>     currentCount;
 	OSSharedPtr<OSNumber>     varSize;
-	OSSharedPtr<OSNumber>     varOffset;
 	const char                *opCountKey = nullptr;
 
 	entryKeySize = strlen("XX:") + strlen(name) +  1;
@@ -1018,7 +685,7 @@
 
 	snprintf(entryKey, entryKeySize, "%02X:%s", region, name);
 
-	NVRAMWRITELOCK(_diagLock);
+	NVRAMWRITELOCK();
 	existingEntry.reset(OSDynamicCast(OSDictionary, _stats->getObject(entryKey)), OSRetain);
 
 	if (existingEntry == nullptr) {
@@ -1046,13 +713,12 @@
 		break;
 	case kIONVRAMOperationInit:
 		varSize = OSNumber::withNumber((size_t)data, 64);
-		varOffset = OSNumber::withNumber((size_t)offset, 64);
-		existingEntry->setObject(kIODTNVRAMDiagsInitKey, varOffset);
+		existingEntry->setObject(kIODTNVRAMDiagsInitKey, varSize);
 		existingEntry->setObject(kIODTNVRAMDiagsSizeKey, varSize);
 		existingEntry->setObject(kIODTNVRAMDiagsPresentKey, kOSBooleanTrue);
 		break;
 	default:
-		goto unlock;
+		goto exit;
 	}
 
 	if (opCountKey) {
@@ -1068,9 +734,7 @@
 	}
 
 	_stats->setObject(entryKey, existingEntry);
-
-unlock:
-	NVRAMRWUNLOCK(_diagLock);
+	NVRAMUNLOCK();
 
 exit:
 	IODeleteData(entryKey, char, entryKeySize);
@@ -1083,9 +747,9 @@
 {
 	bool ok;
 
-	NVRAMREADLOCK(_diagLock);
+	NVRAMREADLOCK();
 	ok = _stats->serialize(serializer);
-	NVRAMRWUNLOCK(_diagLock);
+	NVRAMUNLOCK();
 
 	return ok;
 }
@@ -1101,10 +765,9 @@
 private:
 	IODTNVRAM        *_provider;
 	uuid_t           _guid;
-	bool             _systemActive;
 
 public:
-	bool                    init(const uuid_t guid, const bool systemActive);
+	bool                    init(const uuid_t guid);
 	virtual bool            start(IOService * provider) APPLE_KEXT_OVERRIDE;
 
 	virtual bool            serializeProperties(OSSerialize *s) const APPLE_KEXT_OVERRIDE;
@@ -1118,12 +781,11 @@
 OSDefineMetaClassAndStructors(IODTNVRAMVariables, IOService)
 
 bool
-IODTNVRAMVariables::init(const uuid_t guid, const bool systemActive)
+IODTNVRAMVariables::init(const uuid_t guid)
 {
 	require(super::init(), fail);
 
 	uuid_copy(_guid, guid);
-	_systemActive = systemActive;
 
 	return true;
 
@@ -1134,12 +796,12 @@
 bool
 IODTNVRAMVariables::start(IOService * provider)
 {
+	if (!super::start(provider)) {
+		goto error;
+	}
+
 	_provider = OSDynamicCast(IODTNVRAM, provider);
 	if (_provider == nullptr) {
-		goto error;
-	}
-
-	if (!super::start(provider)) {
 		goto error;
 	}
 
@@ -1161,28 +823,33 @@
 	OSSharedPtr<OSCollectionIterator> iter;
 	OSSharedPtr<OSDictionary>         localVariables;
 	bool                              ok = false;
-	IOReturn                          status;
-
-	status = _provider->getVarDict(localVariables);
-	require_noerr_action(status, exit, DEBUG_ERROR("Failed to get variable dictionary\n"));
+	bool                              systemGuid = uuid_compare(_guid, gAppleSystemVariableGuid) == 0;
+
+	if (systemGuid) {
+		localVariables = _provider->_systemDict;
+	} else {
+		localVariables = _provider->_commonDict;
+	}
+
+	if (localVariables == nullptr) {
+		goto exit;
+	}
 
 	dict = OSDictionary::withCapacity(localVariables->getCount());
-	require_action(dict, exit, DEBUG_ERROR("Failed to create dict\n"));
+	if (dict == nullptr) {
+		DEBUG_ERROR("No dictionary\n");
+		goto exit;
+	}
 
 	iter = OSCollectionIterator::withCollection(localVariables.get());
-	require_action(iter, exit, DEBUG_ERROR("Failed to create iterator\n"));
+	if (iter == nullptr) {
+		DEBUG_ERROR("failed to create iterator\n");
+		goto exit;
+	}
 
 	while ((key = OSDynamicCast(OSSymbol, iter->getNextObject()))) {
-		if (verifyPermission(kIONVRAMOperationRead, key, _systemActive)) {
-			uuid_t guid;
-			const char *name;
-
-			parseVariableName(key, &guid, &name);
-
-			if (uuid_compare(_guid, guid) == 0) {
-				OSSharedPtr<const OSSymbol> sym = OSSymbol::withCString(name);
-				dict->setObject(sym.get(), localVariables->getObject(key));
-			}
+		if (verifyPermission(kIONVRAMOperationRead, _guid, key)) {
+			dict->setObject(key, localVariables->getObject(key));
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -1232,30 +899,34 @@
 	OSDictionary                      *dict;
 	OSSharedPtr<OSCollectionIterator> iter;
 
-	dict = OSDynamicCast(OSDictionary, properties);
-	if (dict == nullptr) {
-		DEBUG_ERROR("Not a dictionary\n");
-		return kIOReturnBadArgument;
-	}
-
-	iter = OSCollectionIterator::withCollection(dict);
-	if (iter == nullptr) {
-		DEBUG_ERROR("Couldn't create iterator\n");
-		return kIOReturnBadArgument;
-	}
-
-	while (ret == kIOReturnSuccess) {
-		key = OSDynamicCast(OSSymbol, iter->getNextObject());
-		if (key == nullptr) {
-			break;
-		}
-
-		object = dict->getObject(key);
-		if (object == nullptr) {
-			continue;
-		}
-
-		ret = _provider->setPropertyWithGUIDAndName(_guid, key->getCStringNoCopy(), object);
+	if (_provider) {
+		dict = OSDynamicCast(OSDictionary, properties);
+		if (dict == nullptr) {
+			DEBUG_ERROR("Not a dictionary\n");
+			return kIOReturnBadArgument;
+		}
+
+		iter = OSCollectionIterator::withCollection(dict);
+		if (iter == nullptr) {
+			DEBUG_ERROR("Couldn't create iterator\n");
+			return kIOReturnBadArgument;
+		}
+
+		while (ret == kIOReturnSuccess) {
+			key = OSDynamicCast(OSSymbol, iter->getNextObject());
+			if (key == nullptr) {
+				break;
+			}
+
+			object = dict->getObject(key);
+			if (object == nullptr) {
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			ret = _provider->setPropertyWithGUIDAndName(_guid, key->getCStringNoCopy(), object);
+		}
+	} else {
+		ret = kIOReturnNotReady;
 	}
 
 	DEBUG_INFO("ret=%#08x\n", ret);
@@ -1266,7 +937,9 @@
 void
 IODTNVRAMVariables::removeProperty(const OSSymbol *aKey)
 {
-	_provider->removePropertyWithGUIDAndName(_guid, aKey->getCStringNoCopy());
+	if (_provider) {
+		_provider->removePropertyWithGUIDAndName(_guid, aKey->getCStringNoCopy());
+	}
 }
 
 // ************************** Format Handlers ***************************
@@ -1281,19 +954,15 @@
 	virtual
 	~IODTNVRAMFormatHandler();
 	virtual bool     getNVRAMProperties(void);
-	virtual IOReturn unserializeVariables(void) = 0;
 	virtual IOReturn setVariable(const uuid_t varGuid, const char *variableName, OSObject *object) = 0;
 	virtual bool     setController(IONVRAMController *_nvramController) = 0;
-	virtual IOReturn sync(void) = 0;
+	virtual bool     sync(void) = 0;
 	virtual IOReturn flush(const uuid_t guid, IONVRAMOperation op) = 0;
 	virtual void     reload(void) = 0;
 	virtual uint32_t getGeneration(void) const = 0;
 	virtual uint32_t getVersion(void) const = 0;
 	virtual uint32_t getSystemUsed(void) const = 0;
 	virtual uint32_t getCommonUsed(void) const = 0;
-	virtual bool     getSystemPartitionActive(void) const = 0;
-	virtual IOReturn getVarDict(OSSharedPtr<OSDictionary> &varDictCopy) = 0;
-	IOReturn handleEphDM(void);
 };
 
 IODTNVRAMFormatHandler::~IODTNVRAMFormatHandler()
@@ -1343,67 +1012,6 @@
 	return ok;
 }
 
-IOReturn
-IODTNVRAMFormatHandler::handleEphDM(void)
-{
-	OSSharedPtr<IORegistryEntry> entry;
-	OSData*                      data;
-	OSSharedPtr<OSObject>        prop;
-	uint32_t                     ephDM = 0;
-	IOReturn                     ret = kIOReturnSuccess;
-	OSSharedPtr<const OSSymbol>  canonicalKey;
-	uint32_t                     skip = 0;
-	OSSharedPtr<OSDictionary>    varDict;
-
-	// For ephemeral data mode, NVRAM needs to be cleared on every boot
-	// For system region supported targets, iBoot clears the system region
-	// For other targets, iBoot clears all the persistent variables
-	// So xnu only needs to clear the common region
-	entry = IORegistryEntry::fromPath("/product", gIODTPlane);
-	if (entry) {
-		prop = entry->copyProperty("ephemeral-data-mode");
-		if (prop) {
-			data = OSDynamicCast(OSData, prop.get());
-			if (data) {
-				ephDM = *((uint32_t *)data->getBytesNoCopy());
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	require_action(ephDM != 0, exit, DEBUG_ALWAYS("ephemeral-data-mode not supported\n"));
-	require_action(getSystemPartitionActive(), exit, DEBUG_ALWAYS("No system region, no need to clear\n"));
-
-	if (PE_parse_boot_argn("epdm-skip-nvram", &skip, sizeof(skip))) {
-		require_action(!(gInternalBuild && (skip == 1)), exit, DEBUG_ALWAYS("Internal build + epdm-skip-nvram set to true, skip nvram clearing\n"));
-	}
-
-	// Get the current variable dictionary
-	ret = getVarDict(varDict);
-	require_noerr_action(ret, exit, DEBUG_ERROR("Failed to get variable dictionary for EphDM handling\n"));
-
-	// Go through the allowlist and stash the values
-	for (uint32_t entry = 0; entry < ARRAY_SIZE(ephDMEntries); entry++) {
-		canonicalKey = keyWithGuidAndCString(gAppleNVRAMGuid, ephDMEntries[entry].name);
-		ephDMEntries[entry].value.reset(OSDynamicCast(OSData, varDict->getObject(canonicalKey.get())), OSRetain);
-	}
-
-	DEBUG_ALWAYS("Obliterating common region\n");
-	ret = flush(gAppleNVRAMGuid, kIONVRAMOperationObliterate);
-	require_noerr_action(ret, exit, DEBUG_ERROR("Flushing common region failed, ret=%#08x\n", ret));
-
-	// Now write the allowlist variables back
-	for (uint32_t entry = 0; entry < ARRAY_SIZE(ephDMEntries); entry++) {
-		if (ephDMEntries[entry].value.get() == nullptr) {
-			continue;
-		}
-		ret = setVariable(gAppleNVRAMGuid, ephDMEntries[entry].name, ephDMEntries[entry].value.get());
-		require_noerr_action(ret, exit, DEBUG_ERROR("Setting allowlist variable %s failed, ret=%#08x\n", ephDMEntries[entry].name, ret));
-	}
-
-exit:
-	return ret;
-}
-
 #include "IONVRAMCHRPHandler.cpp"
 
 #include "IONVRAMV3Handler.cpp"
@@ -1416,15 +1024,21 @@
 	OSSharedPtr<OSDictionary> dict;
 
 	DEBUG_INFO("...\n");
+
 	require(super::init(old, plane), fail);
-	x86Device = false;
-
-#if CONFIG_CSR && XNU_TARGET_OS_OSX
+
+#if XNU_TARGET_OS_OSX
+#if CONFIG_CSR
 	gInternalBuild = (csr_check(CSR_ALLOW_APPLE_INTERNAL) == 0);
-#elif defined(DEBUG) || defined(DEVELOPMENT)
-	gInternalBuild = true;
-#endif
 	DEBUG_INFO("gInternalBuild = %d\n", gInternalBuild);
+#endif // CONFIG_CSR
+#endif // XNU_TARGET_OS_OSX
+
+	_variableLock = IORWLockAlloc();
+	require(_variableLock != nullptr, fail);
+
+	_controllerLock = IOLockAlloc();
+	require(_controllerLock != nullptr, fail);
 
 	// Clear the IORegistryEntry property table
 	dict =  OSDictionary::withCapacity(1);
@@ -1444,7 +1058,7 @@
 {
 	OSSharedPtr<OSNumber> version;
 
-	DEBUG_ALWAYS("...\n");
+	DEBUG_INFO("...\n");
 
 	require(super::start(provider), fail);
 
@@ -1452,7 +1066,7 @@
 	// If not, skip any additional initialization being done here.
 	// This is not an error we just need to successfully exit this function to allow
 	// AppleEFIRuntime to proceed and take over operation
-	require_action(x86Device == false, no_common, DEBUG_INFO("x86 init\n"));
+	require_action(_controllerLock != nullptr, no_common, DEBUG_INFO("x86 init\n"));
 
 	_diags = new IODTNVRAMDiags;
 	if (!_diags || !_diags->init()) {
@@ -1504,7 +1118,7 @@
 	if (_format->getSystemUsed()) {
 		_systemService = new IODTNVRAMVariables;
 
-		if (!_systemService || !_systemService->init(gAppleSystemVariableGuid, _format->getSystemPartitionActive())) {
+		if (!_systemService || !_systemService->init(gAppleSystemVariableGuid)) {
 			DEBUG_ERROR("Unable to start the system service!\n");
 			OSSafeReleaseNULL(_systemService);
 			goto no_system;
@@ -1529,7 +1143,7 @@
 no_system:
 	_commonService = new IODTNVRAMVariables;
 
-	if (!_commonService || !_commonService->init(gAppleNVRAMGuid, _format->getSystemPartitionActive())) {
+	if (!_commonService || !_commonService->init(gAppleNVRAMGuid)) {
 		DEBUG_ERROR("Unable to start the common service!\n");
 		OSSafeReleaseNULL(_commonService);
 		goto no_common;
@@ -1565,11 +1179,8 @@
 	OSSharedPtr<OSObject>        prop;
 	const char                   *proxyDataKey = "nvram-proxy-data";
 	const char                   *bankSizeKey = "nvram-bank-size";
-	OSData                       *data = nullptr;
+	OSData                       *data;
 	uint32_t                     size = 0;
-	const uint8_t                *image = nullptr;
-	OSSharedPtr<OSDictionary>    localVariables;
-	IOReturn                     status;
 
 	entry = IORegistryEntry::fromPath("/chosen", gIODTPlane);
 
@@ -1582,33 +1193,21 @@
 	require(data != nullptr, skip);
 
 	size = *((uint32_t*)data->getBytesNoCopy());
-	require_action(size != 0, skip, panic("NVRAM size is 0 bytes, possibly due to bad config with iBoot + xnu mismatch"));
 	DEBUG_ALWAYS("NVRAM size is %u bytes\n", size);
 
 	prop = entry->copyProperty(proxyDataKey);
 	require(prop != nullptr, skip);
 
 	data = OSDynamicCast(OSData, prop.get());
-	require_action(data != nullptr, skip, DEBUG_ERROR("No proxy data!\n"));
-
-	image = (const uint8_t *)data->getBytesNoCopy();
-
-skip:
-	if (IONVRAMV3Handler::isValidImage(image, size)) {
-		_format = IONVRAMV3Handler::init(this, image, size);
+	require(data != nullptr, skip);
+
+	if (IONVRAMV3Handler::isValidImage((const uint8_t *)data->getBytesNoCopy(), size)) {
+		_format = IONVRAMV3Handler::init(this, (const uint8_t *)data->getBytesNoCopy(), size, _commonDict, _systemDict);
 		require_action(_format, skip, panic("IONVRAMV3Handler creation failed\n"));
 	} else {
-		_format = IONVRAMCHRPHandler::init(this, image, size);
+		_format = IONVRAMCHRPHandler::init(this, (const uint8_t *)data->getBytesNoCopy(), size, _commonDict, _systemDict);
 		require_action(_format, skip, panic("IONVRAMCHRPHandler creation failed\n"));
 	}
-
-	status = _format->unserializeVariables();
-	verify_noerr_action(status, DEBUG_ERROR("Failed to unserialize variables, status=%08x\n", status));
-
-	status = _format->getVarDict(localVariables);
-	verify_noerr_action(status, DEBUG_ERROR("Failed to get variable dictionary, status=%08x\n", status));
-
-	dumpDict(localVariables);
 
 #if defined(RELEASE)
 	if (entry != nullptr) {
@@ -1616,6 +1215,7 @@
 	}
 #endif
 
+skip:
 	_lastDeviceSync = 0;
 	_freshInterval = true;
 }
@@ -1625,10 +1225,14 @@
 {
 	DEBUG_INFO("setting controller\n");
 
-	require_action(_format != nullptr, exit, DEBUG_ERROR("Handler not initialized yet\n"));
+	NVRAMWRITELOCK();
+	CONTROLLERLOCK();
+
 	_format->setController(controller);
 
-exit:
+	CONTROLLERUNLOCK();
+	NVRAMUNLOCK();
+
 	return;
 }
 
@@ -1655,49 +1259,46 @@
 	return false;
 }
 
-IOReturn
+void
 IODTNVRAM::syncInternal(bool rateLimit)
 {
-	IOReturn ret = kIOReturnSuccess;
-
 	DEBUG_INFO("rateLimit=%d\n", rateLimit);
 
 	if (!SAFE_TO_LOCK()) {
 		DEBUG_INFO("cannot lock\n");
-		goto exit;
-	}
-
-	require_action(_format != nullptr, exit, (ret = kIOReturnNotReady, DEBUG_ERROR("Handler not initialized yet\n")));
+		return;
+	}
 
 	// Rate limit requests to sync. Drivers that need this rate limiting will
 	// shadow the data and only write to flash when they get a sync call
 	if (rateLimit) {
 		if (safeToSync() == false) {
 			DEBUG_INFO("safeToSync()=false\n");
-			goto exit;
+			return;
 		}
 	}
 
 	DEBUG_INFO("Calling sync()\n");
 	record_system_event(SYSTEM_EVENT_TYPE_INFO, SYSTEM_EVENT_SUBSYSTEM_NVRAM, "sync", "triggered");
 
-	ret = _format->sync();
-
-	record_system_event(SYSTEM_EVENT_TYPE_INFO, SYSTEM_EVENT_SUBSYSTEM_NVRAM, "sync", "completed with ret=%08x", ret);
+	NVRAMREADLOCK();
+	CONTROLLERLOCK();
+
+	_format->sync();
+
+	CONTROLLERUNLOCK();
+	NVRAMUNLOCK();
 
 	if (_diags) {
 		OSSharedPtr<OSNumber> generation = OSNumber::withNumber(_format->getGeneration(), 32);
 		_diags->setProperty(kCurrentGenerationCountKey, generation.get());
 	}
-
-exit:
-	return ret;
-}
-
-IOReturn
+}
+
+void
 IODTNVRAM::sync(void)
 {
-	return syncInternal(false);
+	syncInternal(false);
 }
 
 void
@@ -1706,100 +1307,134 @@
 	_format->reload();
 }
 
-IOReturn
-IODTNVRAM::getVarDict(OSSharedPtr<OSDictionary> &varDictCopy)
-{
-	return _format->getVarDict(varDictCopy);
-}
-
-OSPtr<OSDictionary>
-IODTNVRAM::dictionaryWithProperties(void) const
-{
-	const OSSymbol                    *canonicalKey;
-	OSSharedPtr<OSDictionary>         localVarDict, returnDict;
+bool
+IODTNVRAM::serializeProperties(OSSerialize *s) const
+{
+	const OSSymbol                    *key;
+	OSSharedPtr<OSDictionary>         systemDict, commonDict, dict;
 	OSSharedPtr<OSCollectionIterator> iter;
-	uuid_t                            varGuid;
-	const char *                      varName;
-	IOReturn                          status;
-	require_action(_format, exit, DEBUG_ERROR("Handler not initialized yet\n"));
-
-	status = _format->getVarDict(localVarDict);
-	require_noerr_action(status, exit, DEBUG_ERROR("Failed to get variable dictionary\n"));
-
-	returnDict = OSDictionary::withCapacity(localVarDict->getCapacity());
-	require_action(returnDict, exit, DEBUG_ERROR("Failed to create return dict\n"));
-
-	// Copy system entries first if present then copy unique other entries
-	iter = OSCollectionIterator::withCollection(localVarDict.get());
-	require_action(iter, exit, DEBUG_ERROR("Failed to create iterator\n"));
-
-	while ((canonicalKey = OSDynamicCast(OSSymbol, iter->getNextObject()))) {
-		parseVariableName(canonicalKey, &varGuid, &varName);
-
-		if ((uuid_compare(varGuid, gAppleSystemVariableGuid) == 0) &&
-		    verifyPermission(kIONVRAMOperationRead, varGuid, varName, _format->getSystemPartitionActive(), false)) {
-			OSSharedPtr<const OSSymbol> returnKey = OSSymbol::withCString(varName);
-			returnDict->setObject(returnKey.get(), localVarDict->getObject(canonicalKey));
-		}
-	}
-
-	iter.reset();
-
-	iter = OSCollectionIterator::withCollection(localVarDict.get());
-	require_action(iter, exit, DEBUG_ERROR("Failed to create iterator\n"));
-
-	while ((canonicalKey = OSDynamicCast(OSSymbol, iter->getNextObject()))) {
-		parseVariableName(canonicalKey, &varGuid, &varName);
-
-		if (uuid_compare(varGuid, gAppleNVRAMGuid) == 0) {
-			if (returnDict->getObject(varName) != nullptr) {
+	bool                              ok = false;
+	unsigned int                      totalCapacity = 0;
+
+	NVRAMREADLOCK();
+	if (_commonDict) {
+		commonDict = OSDictionary::withDictionary(_commonDict.get());
+	}
+
+	if (_systemDict) {
+		systemDict = OSDictionary::withDictionary(_systemDict.get());
+	}
+	NVRAMUNLOCK();
+
+	totalCapacity += (commonDict != nullptr) ? commonDict->getCapacity() : 0;
+	totalCapacity += (systemDict != nullptr) ? systemDict->getCapacity() : 0;
+
+	dict = OSDictionary::withCapacity(totalCapacity);
+
+	if (dict == nullptr) {
+		DEBUG_ERROR("No dictionary\n");
+		goto exit;
+	}
+
+	// Copy system entries first if present then copy unique common entries
+	if (systemDict != nullptr) {
+		iter = OSCollectionIterator::withCollection(systemDict.get());
+		if (iter == nullptr) {
+			DEBUG_ERROR("failed to create iterator\n");
+			goto exit;
+		}
+
+		while ((key = OSDynamicCast(OSSymbol, iter->getNextObject()))) {
+			if (verifyPermission(kIONVRAMOperationRead, gAppleSystemVariableGuid, key)) {
+				dict->setObject(key, systemDict->getObject(key));
+			}
+		}
+
+		iter.reset();
+	}
+
+	if (commonDict != nullptr) {
+		iter = OSCollectionIterator::withCollection(commonDict.get());
+		if (iter == nullptr) {
+			DEBUG_ERROR("failed to create common iterator\n");
+			goto exit;
+		}
+
+		while ((key = OSDynamicCast(OSSymbol, iter->getNextObject()))) {
+			if (dict->getObject(key) != nullptr) {
 				// Skip non uniques
 				continue;
 			}
-
-			if (verifyPermission(kIONVRAMOperationRead, varGuid, varName, _format->getSystemPartitionActive(), false)) {
-				OSSharedPtr<const OSSymbol> returnKey = OSSymbol::withCString(varName);
-				returnDict->setObject(returnKey.get(), localVarDict->getObject(canonicalKey));
+			if (verifyPermission(kIONVRAMOperationRead, gAppleNVRAMGuid, key)) {
+				dict->setObject(key, commonDict->getObject(key));
 			}
 		}
 	}
+
+	ok = dict->serialize(s);
+
 exit:
-	return returnDict;
-}
-
-bool
-IODTNVRAM::serializeProperties(OSSerialize *s) const
-{
-	bool ok = false;
-	OSSharedPtr<OSDictionary> dict;
-
-	dict = dictionaryWithProperties();
-	if (dict) {
-		ok = dict->serialize(s);
-	}
-
 	DEBUG_INFO("ok=%d\n", ok);
+
 	return ok;
 }
 
+NVRAMPartitionType
+IODTNVRAM::getDictionaryType(const OSDictionary *dict) const
+{
+	if (dict == _commonDict) {
+		return kIONVRAMPartitionCommon;
+	} else if (dict == _systemDict) {
+		return kIONVRAMPartitionSystem;
+	} else {
+		return kIONVRAMPartitionTypeUnknown;
+	}
+}
+
 IOReturn
-IODTNVRAM::flushGUID(const uuid_t guid, IONVRAMOperation op)
+IODTNVRAM::chooseDictionary(IONVRAMOperation operation, const uuid_t varGuid, const char *variableName, OSDictionary **dict) const
+{
+	if (_systemDict != nullptr) {
+		bool systemGuid = uuid_compare(varGuid, gAppleSystemVariableGuid) == 0;
+
+		if (variableInAllowList(variableName)) {
+			DEBUG_INFO("Using system dictionary due to allow list\n");
+			if (!systemGuid) {
+				DEBUG_ERROR("System GUID NOT used for %s\n", variableName);
+			}
+			*dict = _systemDict.get();
+		} else if (systemGuid) {
+			DEBUG_INFO("Using system dictionary via GUID\n");
+			*dict = _systemDict.get();
+		} else {
+			DEBUG_INFO("Using common dictionary\n");
+			*dict = _commonDict.get();
+		}
+		return kIOReturnSuccess;
+	} else if (_commonDict != nullptr) {
+		DEBUG_INFO("Defaulting to common dictionary\n");
+		*dict = _commonDict.get();
+		return kIOReturnSuccess;
+	}
+
+	return kIOReturnNotFound;
+}
+
+IOReturn
+IODTNVRAM::flushDict(const uuid_t guid, IONVRAMOperation op)
 {
 	IOReturn ret = kIOReturnSuccess;
 
-	require_action(_format != nullptr, exit, (ret = kIOReturnNotReady, DEBUG_ERROR("Handler not initialized yet\n")));
-
-	if (_format->getSystemPartitionActive() && (uuid_compare(guid, gAppleSystemVariableGuid) == 0)) {
+	if ((_systemDict != nullptr) && (uuid_compare(guid, gAppleSystemVariableGuid) == 0)) {
 		ret = _format->flush(guid, op);
 
-		DEBUG_INFO("system variables flushed, ret=%08x\n", ret);
-	} else if (uuid_compare(guid, gAppleNVRAMGuid) == 0) {
+		DEBUG_INFO("system dictionary flushed, ret=%08x\n", ret);
+	} else if ((_commonDict != nullptr) && (uuid_compare(guid, gAppleNVRAMGuid) == 0)) {
 		ret = _format->flush(guid, op);
 
-		DEBUG_INFO("common variables flushed, ret=%08x\n", ret);
-	}
-
-exit:
+		DEBUG_INFO("common dictionary flushed, ret=%08x\n", ret);
+	}
+
 	return ret;
 }
 
@@ -1808,21 +1443,23 @@
 {
 	IOReturn ret = kIOReturnSuccess;
 	bool special = false;
+
+	NVRAMLOCKASSERTEXCLUSIVE();
 
 	// ResetNVRam flushes both regions in one call
 	// Obliterate can flush either separately
 	if (strcmp(name, "ObliterateNVRam") == 0) {
 		special = true;
-		ret = flushGUID(guid, kIONVRAMOperationObliterate);
+		ret = flushDict(guid, kIONVRAMOperationObliterate);
 	} else if (strcmp(name, "ResetNVRam") == 0) {
 		special = true;
-		ret = flushGUID(gAppleSystemVariableGuid, kIONVRAMOperationReset);
+		ret = flushDict(gAppleSystemVariableGuid, kIONVRAMOperationReset);
 
 		if (ret != kIOReturnSuccess) {
 			goto exit;
 		}
 
-		ret = flushGUID(gAppleNVRAMGuid, kIONVRAMOperationReset);
+		ret = flushDict(gAppleNVRAMGuid, kIONVRAMOperationReset);
 	}
 
 exit:
@@ -1836,36 +1473,31 @@
 OSSharedPtr<OSObject>
 IODTNVRAM::copyPropertyWithGUIDAndName(const uuid_t guid, const char *name) const
 {
-	OSSharedPtr<const OSSymbol> canonicalKey;
-	OSSharedPtr<OSObject>       theObject;
-	uuid_t                      newGuid;
-	OSSharedPtr<OSDictionary>   localVarDict;
-	IOReturn                    status;
-
-	require_action(_format, exit, DEBUG_ERROR("Handler not initialized yet\n"));
-
-	status = _format->getVarDict(localVarDict);
-	require_noerr_action(status, exit, DEBUG_ERROR("Failed to get variable dictionary\n"));
-
-	if (!verifyPermission(kIONVRAMOperationRead, guid, name, _format->getSystemPartitionActive(), true)) {
+	IOReturn              result;
+	OSDictionary          *dict;
+	OSSharedPtr<OSObject> theObject = nullptr;
+
+	result = chooseDictionary(kIONVRAMOperationRead, guid, name, &dict);
+	if (result != kIOReturnSuccess) {
+		DEBUG_INFO("No dictionary\n");
+		goto exit;
+	}
+
+	if (!verifyPermission(kIONVRAMOperationRead, guid, name)) {
 		DEBUG_INFO("Not privileged\n");
 		goto exit;
 	}
 
-	translateGUID(guid, name, newGuid, _format->getSystemPartitionActive(), true);
-
-	canonicalKey = keyWithGuidAndCString(newGuid, name);
-
-	theObject.reset(localVarDict->getObject(canonicalKey.get()), OSRetain);
+	NVRAMREADLOCK();
+	theObject.reset(dict->getObject(name), OSRetain);
+	NVRAMUNLOCK();
 
 	if (_diags) {
-		_diags->logVariable(getPartitionTypeForGUID(newGuid), kIONVRAMOperationRead, name);
+		_diags->logVariable(getDictionaryType(dict), kIONVRAMOperationRead, name, NULL);
 	}
 
 	if (theObject != nullptr) {
-		DEBUG_INFO("%s has object\n", canonicalKey.get()->getCStringNoCopy());
-	} else {
-		DEBUG_INFO("%s no entry\n", canonicalKey.get()->getCStringNoCopy());
+		DEBUG_INFO("found data\n");
 	}
 
 exit:
@@ -1920,29 +1552,6 @@
 	OSSharedPtr<OSObject> theObject = copyProperty(aKey);
 
 	return theObject.get();
-}
-
-IOReturn
-IODTNVRAM::clearTestVars(const uuid_t guid)
-{
-	const VariablePermissionEntry *entry;
-	IOReturn ret = kIOReturnSuccess;
-	uuid_t newGuid;
-
-	entry = gVariablePermissions;
-	require_action(gInternalBuild, exit, DEBUG_INFO("Internal build only\n"));
-	require_action(_format != nullptr, exit, (ret = kIOReturnNotReady, DEBUG_ERROR("Handler not initialized yet\n")));
-
-	while ((entry != nullptr) && (entry->name != nullptr)) {
-		if (entry->p.Bits.TestingOnly) {
-			translateGUID(guid, entry->name, newGuid, _format->getSystemPartitionActive(), true);
-			ret = _format->setVariable(newGuid, entry->name, nullptr);
-		}
-		entry++;
-	}
-
-exit:
-	return ret;
 }
 
 IOReturn
@@ -1953,24 +1562,15 @@
 	OSString              *tmpString = nullptr;
 	OSSharedPtr<OSObject> propObject;
 	OSSharedPtr<OSObject> sharedObject(anObject, OSRetain);
-	bool                  deletePropertyKey, syncNowPropertyKey, forceSyncNowPropertyKey, deletePropertyKeyWRet;
+	bool                  deletePropertyKey, syncNowPropertyKey, forceSyncNowPropertyKey;
 	bool                  ok;
 	size_t                propDataSize = 0;
-	uuid_t                newGuid;
-
-	require_action(_format != nullptr, exit, (ret = kIOReturnNotReady, DEBUG_ERROR("Handler not initialized yet\n")));
-
-	if (strncmp(name, kNVRAMClearTestVarKey, sizeof(kNVRAMClearTestVarKey)) == 0) {
-		ret = clearTestVars(guid);
-		goto exit;
-	}
 
 	deletePropertyKey = strncmp(name, kIONVRAMDeletePropertyKey, sizeof(kIONVRAMDeletePropertyKey)) == 0;
-	deletePropertyKeyWRet = strncmp(name, kIONVRAMDeletePropertyKeyWRet, sizeof(kIONVRAMDeletePropertyKeyWRet)) == 0;
 	syncNowPropertyKey = strncmp(name, kIONVRAMSyncNowPropertyKey, sizeof(kIONVRAMSyncNowPropertyKey)) == 0;
 	forceSyncNowPropertyKey = strncmp(name, kIONVRAMForceSyncNowPropertyKey, sizeof(kIONVRAMForceSyncNowPropertyKey)) == 0;
 
-	if (deletePropertyKey || deletePropertyKeyWRet) {
+	if (deletePropertyKey) {
 		tmpString = OSDynamicCast(OSString, anObject);
 		if (tmpString != nullptr) {
 			const char *variableName;
@@ -1994,12 +1594,10 @@
 				DEBUG_INFO("Removing with value provided GUID\n");
 				removeRet = removePropertyWithGUIDAndName(valueVarGuid, variableName);
 			}
-			if (deletePropertyKeyWRet) {
-				ret = removeRet;
-			}
-			DEBUG_INFO("%s found, removeRet=%#08x\n", deletePropertyKeyWRet ? "deletePropertyKeyWRet" : "deletePropertyKey", removeRet);
+
+			DEBUG_INFO("kIONVRAMDeletePropertyKey found, removeRet=%#08x\n", removeRet);
 		} else {
-			DEBUG_INFO("%s value needs to be an OSString\n", deletePropertyKeyWRet ? "deletePropertyKeyWRet" : "deletePropertyKey");
+			DEBUG_INFO("kIONVRAMDeletePropertyKey value needs to be an OSString\n");
 			ret = kIOReturnError;
 		}
 		goto exit;
@@ -2008,7 +1606,7 @@
 		DEBUG_INFO("NVRAM sync key %s found\n", name);
 		if (tmpString != nullptr) {
 			// We still want to throttle NVRAM commit rate for SyncNow. ForceSyncNow is provided as a really big hammer.
-			ret = syncInternal(syncNowPropertyKey);
+			syncInternal(syncNowPropertyKey);
 		} else {
 			DEBUG_INFO("%s value needs to be an OSString\n", name);
 			ret = kIOReturnError;
@@ -2016,7 +1614,7 @@
 		goto exit;
 	}
 
-	if (!verifyPermission(kIONVRAMOperationWrite, guid, name, _format->getSystemPartitionActive(), true)) {
+	if (!verifyPermission(kIONVRAMOperationWrite, guid, name)) {
 		DEBUG_INFO("Not privileged\n");
 		ret = kIOReturnNotPrivileged;
 		goto exit;
@@ -2027,21 +1625,21 @@
 	case kOFVariableTypeBoolean:
 		propObject = OSDynamicPtrCast<OSBoolean>(sharedObject);
 		if (propObject) {
-			record_system_event(SYSTEM_EVENT_TYPE_INFO, SYSTEM_EVENT_SUBSYSTEM_NVRAM, "write", "%s as bool to %d", name, ((OSBoolean *)propObject.get())->getValue());
+			record_system_event(SYSTEM_EVENT_TYPE_INFO, SYSTEM_EVENT_SUBSYSTEM_NVRAM, "write", "%s to %d", name, ((OSBoolean *)propObject.get())->getValue());
 		}
 		break;
 
 	case kOFVariableTypeNumber:
 		propObject = OSDynamicPtrCast<OSNumber>(sharedObject);
 		if (propObject) {
-			record_system_event(SYSTEM_EVENT_TYPE_INFO, SYSTEM_EVENT_SUBSYSTEM_NVRAM, "write", "%s as number to %#llx", name, ((OSNumber *)propObject.get())->unsigned64BitValue());
+			record_system_event(SYSTEM_EVENT_TYPE_INFO, SYSTEM_EVENT_SUBSYSTEM_NVRAM, "write", "%s to %#llx", name, ((OSNumber *)propObject.get())->unsigned64BitValue());
 		}
 		break;
 
 	case kOFVariableTypeString:
 		propObject = OSDynamicPtrCast<OSString>(sharedObject);
 		if (propObject != nullptr) {
-			record_system_event(SYSTEM_EVENT_TYPE_INFO, SYSTEM_EVENT_SUBSYSTEM_NVRAM, "write", "%s as string to %s", name, ((OSString *)propObject.get())->getCStringNoCopy());
+			record_system_event(SYSTEM_EVENT_TYPE_INFO, SYSTEM_EVENT_SUBSYSTEM_NVRAM, "write", "%s to %s", name, ((OSString *)propObject.get())->getCStringNoCopy());
 
 			propDataSize = (OSDynamicPtrCast<OSString>(propObject))->getLength();
 
@@ -2064,10 +1662,8 @@
 		}
 
 		if (propObject != nullptr) {
-			OSSharedPtr<OSData> propData = OSDynamicPtrCast<OSData>(propObject);
-			propDataSize = propData->getLength();
-			record_system_event(SYSTEM_EVENT_TYPE_INFO, SYSTEM_EVENT_SUBSYSTEM_NVRAM, "write", "%s as data with size %zu", name, propDataSize);
-			dumpData(name, propData);
+			propDataSize = (OSDynamicPtrCast<OSData>(propObject))->getLength();
+			record_system_event(SYSTEM_EVENT_TYPE_INFO, SYSTEM_EVENT_SUBSYSTEM_NVRAM, "write", "%s with data size %#x", name, ((OSData *)propObject.get())->getLength());
 		}
 
 #if defined(XNU_TARGET_OS_OSX)
@@ -2081,7 +1677,7 @@
 	}
 
 	if (propObject == nullptr) {
-		DEBUG_ERROR("No property object\n");
+		DEBUG_INFO("No property object\n");
 		ret = kIOReturnBadArgument;
 		goto exit;
 	}
@@ -2092,7 +1688,9 @@
 		goto exit;
 	}
 
+	NVRAMWRITELOCK();
 	ok = handleSpecialVariables(name, guid, propObject.get(), &ret);
+	NVRAMUNLOCK();
 
 	if (ok) {
 		goto exit;
@@ -2100,9 +1698,9 @@
 
 	if (remove == false) {
 		DEBUG_INFO("Adding object\n");
-
-		translateGUID(guid, name, newGuid, _format->getSystemPartitionActive(), true);
-		ret = _format->setVariable(newGuid, name, propObject.get());
+		NVRAMWRITELOCK();
+		ret = _format->setVariable(guid, name, propObject.get());
+		NVRAMUNLOCK();
 	} else {
 		DEBUG_INFO("Removing object\n");
 		ret = removePropertyWithGUIDAndName(guid, name);
@@ -2152,25 +1750,27 @@
 IOReturn
 IODTNVRAM::removePropertyWithGUIDAndName(const uuid_t guid, const char *name)
 {
-	IOReturn ret;
-	uuid_t   newGuid;
-
-	DEBUG_INFO("name=%s\n", name);
-	require_action(_format != nullptr, exit, (ret = kIOReturnNotReady, DEBUG_ERROR("Handler not initialized yet\n")));
-
-	if (!verifyPermission(kIONVRAMOperationDelete, guid, name, _format->getSystemPartitionActive(), true)) {
-		DEBUG_INFO("Not privileged\n");
+	IOReturn      ret = kIOReturnSuccess;
+	uuid_string_t uuidString;
+
+	uuid_unparse(guid, uuidString);
+
+	DEBUG_INFO("%s:%s\n", uuidString, name);
+
+	if (!verifyPermission(kIONVRAMOperationDelete, guid, name)) {
+		DEBUG_INFO("Not priveleged\n");
 		ret = kIOReturnNotPrivileged;
 		goto exit;
 	}
 
-	translateGUID(guid, name, newGuid, _format->getSystemPartitionActive(), true);
-	ret = _format->setVariable(newGuid, name, nullptr);
-
-	if (ret != kIOReturnSuccess) {
+	NVRAMWRITELOCK();
+
+	if (_format->setVariable(guid, name, nullptr) != kIOReturnSuccess) {
 		DEBUG_INFO("%s not found\n", name);
 		ret = kIOReturnNotFound;
 	}
+
+	NVRAMUNLOCK();
 
 	record_system_event(SYSTEM_EVENT_TYPE_INFO, SYSTEM_EVENT_SUBSYSTEM_NVRAM, "delete", "%s", name);