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gen/malloc.c Libc-583 Libc-320
--- Libc/Libc-583/gen/malloc.c
+++ Libc/Libc-320/gen/malloc.c
@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 1999, 2006-2008 Apple Inc. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 1999 Apple Computer, Inc. All rights reserved.
  *
  * @APPLE_LICENSE_HEADER_START@
+ * 
+ * Copyright (c) 1999-2003 Apple Computer, Inc.  All Rights Reserved.
  * 
  * This file contains Original Code and/or Modifications of Original Code
  * as defined in and that are subject to the Apple Public Source License
@@ -22,55 +24,32 @@
  */
  
 #include <pthread_internals.h>
-#include "magmallocProvider.h"
 
 #import <stdlib.h>
 #import <stdio.h>
 #import <string.h>
 #import <unistd.h>
+#import <objc/zone.h>
 #import <malloc/malloc.h>
 #import <fcntl.h>
-#import <crt_externs.h>
-#import <errno.h>
-#import <pthread_internals.h>
-#import <limits.h>
-#import <dlfcn.h>
-#import <mach/mach_vm.h>
-#import <mach/mach_init.h>
-#import <sys/mman.h>
+#include <crt_externs.h>
 
 #import "scalable_malloc.h"
 #import "stack_logging.h"
-#import "malloc_printf.h"
-#import "_simple.h"
-
-/*
- * MALLOC_ABSOLUTE_MAX_SIZE - There are many instances of addition to a
- * user-specified size_t, which can cause overflow (and subsequent crashes)
- * for values near SIZE_T_MAX.  Rather than add extra "if" checks everywhere
- * this occurs, it is easier to just set an absolute maximum request size,
- * and immediately return an error if the requested size exceeds this maximum.
- * Of course, values less than this absolute max can fail later if the value
- * is still too large for the available memory.  The largest value added
- * seems to be PAGE_SIZE (in the macro round_page()), so to be safe, we set
- * the maximum to be 2 * PAGE_SIZE less than SIZE_T_MAX.
- */
-#define MALLOC_ABSOLUTE_MAX_SIZE	(SIZE_T_MAX - (2 * PAGE_SIZE))
 
 #define USE_SLEEP_RATHER_THAN_ABORT	0
 
-typedef void (malloc_logger_t)(uint32_t type, uintptr_t arg1, uintptr_t arg2, uintptr_t arg3, uintptr_t result, uint32_t num_hot_frames_to_skip);
-
-__private_extern__ pthread_lock_t _malloc_lock = 0; // initialized in __libc_init
-
-/* The following variables are exported for the benefit of performance tools
- *
- * It should always be safe to first read malloc_num_zones, then read
- * malloc_zones without taking the lock, if only iteration is required
- */
+#define MAX_ALLOCATION 0xc0000000 // beyond this, assume a programming error
+#define INITIAL_ZONES	8  // After this number, we reallocate for new zones
+
+typedef void (malloc_logger_t)(unsigned type, unsigned arg1, unsigned arg2, unsigned arg3, unsigned result, unsigned num_hot_frames_to_skip);
+
+static pthread_lock_t _malloc_lock;
+static malloc_zone_t *initial_malloc_zones[INITIAL_ZONES] = {0};
+
+/* The following variables are exported for the benefit of performance tools */
 unsigned malloc_num_zones = 0;
-unsigned malloc_num_zones_allocated = 0;
-malloc_zone_t **malloc_zones = 0;
+malloc_zone_t **malloc_zones = initial_malloc_zones;
 malloc_logger_t *malloc_logger = NULL;
 
 unsigned malloc_debug_flags = 0;
@@ -79,24 +58,12 @@
 unsigned malloc_check_counter = 0;
 unsigned malloc_check_each = 1000;
 
-/* global flag to suppress ASL logging e.g. for syslogd */
-int _malloc_no_asl_log = 0;
-
 static int malloc_check_sleep = 100; // default 100 second sleep
 static int malloc_check_abort = 0; // default is to sleep, not abort
 
-static int malloc_debug_file = STDERR_FILENO;
-/*
- * State indicated by malloc_def_zone_state
- * 0 - the default zone has not yet been created
- * 1 - a Malloc* environment variable has been set
- * 2 - the default zone has been created and an environment variable scan done
- * 3 - a new default zone has been created and another environment variable scan
- */
-__private_extern__ int malloc_def_zone_state = 0;
-__private_extern__ malloc_zone_t *__zone0 = NULL;
-
-static const char Malloc_Facility[] = "com.apple.Libsystem.malloc";
+static int malloc_free_abort = 0; // default is not to abort
+
+static int logfd = 2;	// malloc_printf file descriptor
 
 #define MALLOC_LOCK()		LOCK(_malloc_lock)
 #define MALLOC_UNLOCK()		UNLOCK(_malloc_lock)
@@ -108,150 +75,42 @@
 
 /*********	Utilities	************/
 
-static inline malloc_zone_t * find_registered_zone(const void *, size_t *) __attribute__((always_inline));
 static inline malloc_zone_t *
 find_registered_zone(const void *ptr, size_t *returned_size) {
-    // Returns a zone which contains ptr, else NULL
-    unsigned index;
+    // locates the proper zone
+    // if zone found fills returnedSize; else returns NULL
+    // See comment in malloc_zone_register() about clients non locking to call this function
+    // Speed is critical for this function
+    unsigned	index = malloc_num_zones;
     malloc_zone_t	**zones = malloc_zones;
-    
-    for (index = 0; index < malloc_num_zones; ++index, ++zones) {
-        malloc_zone_t *zone = *zones;
-        size_t size = zone->size(zone, ptr);
-        if (size) { // Claimed by this zone?
+    while (index--) {
+        malloc_zone_t	*zone = *zones++;
+        size_t	size;
+        size = zone->size(zone, ptr);
+        if (size) {
             if (returned_size) *returned_size = size;
             return zone;
         }
     }
-    // Unclaimed by any zone.
-    if (returned_size) *returned_size = 0;
     return NULL;
 }
 
-__private_extern__ __attribute__((noinline)) void
-malloc_error_break(void) {
-	// Provides a non-inlined place for various malloc error procedures to call
-	// that will be called after an error message appears.  It does not make
-	// sense for developers to call this function, so it is marked
-	// __private_extern__ to prevent it from becoming API.
-	MAGMALLOC_MALLOCERRORBREAK(); // DTrace USDT probe
-}
-
-__private_extern__ boolean_t __stack_logging_locked();
-
-__private_extern__ __attribute__((noinline)) int
-malloc_gdb_po_unsafe(void) {
-  // In order to implement "po" other data formatters in gdb, the debugger
-  // calls functions that call malloc.  The debugger will  only run one thread 
-  // of the program in this case, so if another thread is holding a zone lock,
-  // gdb may deadlock in this case.
-  //
-  // Iterate over the zones in malloc_zones, and call "trylock" on the zone 
-  // lock.  If trylock succeeds, unlock it, otherwise return "locked".  Returns
-  // 0 == safe, 1 == locked/unsafe.
-  
-  if (__stack_logging_locked())
-    return 1;
-
-  malloc_zone_t **zones = malloc_zones;
-  unsigned i, e = malloc_num_zones;
-  
-  for (i = 0; i != e; ++i) {
-    malloc_zone_t *zone = zones[i];
-
-    // Version must be >= 5 to look at the new introspection field.
-    if (zone->version < 5)
-      continue;
-
-    if (zone->introspect->zone_locked && zone->introspect->zone_locked(zone))
-      return 1;
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
-
 /*********	Creation and destruction	************/
-
-static void set_flags_from_environment(void);
-
-static void
-malloc_zone_register_while_locked(malloc_zone_t *zone) {
-    size_t protect_size;
-    unsigned i;
-    
-    /* scan the list of zones, to see if this zone is already registered.  If
-     * so, print an error message and return. */
-    for (i = 0; i != malloc_num_zones; ++i)
-        if (zone == malloc_zones[i]) {
-            _malloc_printf(ASL_LEVEL_ERR, "Attempted to register zone more than once: %p\n", zone);
-            return;
-        }
-  
-    if (malloc_num_zones == malloc_num_zones_allocated) {
-        size_t malloc_zones_size = malloc_num_zones * sizeof(malloc_zone_t *);
-        size_t alloc_size = malloc_zones_size + vm_page_size;
-        
-        malloc_zone_t **new_zones = mmap(0, alloc_size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_ANON | MAP_PRIVATE, VM_MAKE_TAG(VM_MEMORY_MALLOC), 0);
-        
-        /* If there were previously allocated malloc zones, we need to copy them
-         * out of the previous array and into the new zones array */
-        if (malloc_zones)
-            memcpy(new_zones, malloc_zones, malloc_zones_size);
-            
-        /* Update the malloc_zones pointer, which we leak if it was previously
-         * allocated, and the number of zones allocated */
-        protect_size = alloc_size;
-        malloc_zones = new_zones;
-        malloc_num_zones_allocated = alloc_size / sizeof(malloc_zone_t *);
-    } else {
-        /* If we don't need to reallocate zones, we need to briefly change the
-         * page protection the malloc zones to allow writes */
-        protect_size = malloc_num_zones_allocated * sizeof(malloc_zone_t *);
-        vm_protect(mach_task_self(), (uintptr_t)malloc_zones, protect_size, 0, VM_PROT_READ | VM_PROT_WRITE);
-    }
-    malloc_zones[malloc_num_zones++] = zone;
-    
-    /* Finally, now that the zone is registered, disallow write access to the
-     * malloc_zones array */
-    vm_protect(mach_task_self(), (uintptr_t)malloc_zones, protect_size, 0, VM_PROT_READ);
-    //_malloc_printf(ASL_LEVEL_INFO, "Registered malloc_zone %p in malloc_zones %p [%u zones, %u bytes]\n", zone, malloc_zones, malloc_num_zones, protect_size);
-}
 
 static void
 _malloc_initialize(void) {
-    MALLOC_LOCK();
-    if (malloc_def_zone_state < 2) {
-	unsigned n;
-	malloc_zone_t	*zone;
-
-	malloc_def_zone_state += 2;
-	set_flags_from_environment(); // will only set flags up to two times
-	n = malloc_num_zones;
-	zone = create_scalable_zone(0, malloc_debug_flags);
-	malloc_zone_register_while_locked(zone);
-	malloc_set_zone_name(zone, "DefaultMallocZone");
-	if (n != 0) { // make the default first, for efficiency
-		unsigned protect_size = malloc_num_zones_allocated * sizeof(malloc_zone_t *);
-		malloc_zone_t *hold = malloc_zones[0];
-		if(hold->zone_name && strcmp(hold->zone_name, "DefaultMallocZone") == 0) {
-			free((void *)hold->zone_name);
-			hold->zone_name = NULL;
-		}
-		vm_protect(mach_task_self(), (uintptr_t)malloc_zones, protect_size, 0, VM_PROT_READ | VM_PROT_WRITE);
-		malloc_zones[0] = malloc_zones[n];
-		malloc_zones[n] = hold;
-		vm_protect(mach_task_self(), (uintptr_t)malloc_zones, protect_size, 0, VM_PROT_READ);
-	}
-	// _malloc_printf(ASL_LEVEL_INFO, "%d registered zones\n", malloc_num_zones);
-	// _malloc_printf(ASL_LEVEL_INFO, "malloc_zones is at %p; malloc_num_zones is at %p\n", (unsigned)&malloc_zones, (unsigned)&malloc_num_zones);
-    }
-    MALLOC_UNLOCK();
-}
-
-static inline malloc_zone_t *inline_malloc_default_zone(void) __attribute__((always_inline));
+    // guaranteed to be called only once
+    (void)malloc_create_zone(0, 0);
+    malloc_set_zone_name(malloc_zones[0], "DefaultMallocZone");
+    LOCK_INIT(_malloc_lock);
+    // malloc_printf("Malloc: %d registered zones\n", malloc_num_zones);
+    // malloc_printf("malloc: malloc_zones is at %p; malloc_num_zones is at %p\n", (unsigned)&malloc_zones, (unsigned)&malloc_num_zones);
+}
+
 static inline malloc_zone_t *
 inline_malloc_default_zone(void) {
-    if (malloc_def_zone_state < 2) _malloc_initialize();
-    // _malloc_printf(ASL_LEVEL_INFO, "In inline_malloc_default_zone with %d %d\n", malloc_num_zones, malloc_has_debug_zone);
+    if (!malloc_num_zones) _malloc_initialize();
+    // malloc_printf("In inline_malloc_default_zone with %d %d\n", malloc_num_zones, malloc_has_debug_zone);
     return malloc_zones[0];
 }
 
@@ -260,139 +119,53 @@
     return inline_malloc_default_zone();
 }
 
-malloc_zone_t *
-malloc_default_purgeable_zone(void) {
-    static malloc_zone_t *dpz;
-
-    if (!dpz) {
-        malloc_zone_t *tmp = create_purgeable_zone(0, malloc_default_zone(), malloc_debug_flags);
-	malloc_zone_register(tmp);
-        malloc_set_zone_name(tmp, "DefaultPurgeableMallocZone");
-        if (!__sync_bool_compare_and_swap(&dpz, NULL, tmp))
-            malloc_destroy_zone(tmp);
-    }
-    return dpz;
-}
-
-// For debugging, allow stack logging to both memory and disk to compare their results.
-static void
-stack_logging_log_stack_debug(uint32_t type_flags, uintptr_t zone_ptr, uintptr_t size, uintptr_t ptr_arg, uintptr_t return_val, uint32_t num_hot_to_skip)
-{
-    __disk_stack_logging_log_stack(type_flags, zone_ptr, size, ptr_arg, return_val, num_hot_to_skip);
-    stack_logging_log_stack(type_flags, zone_ptr, size, ptr_arg, return_val, num_hot_to_skip);
-}
-
 static void
 set_flags_from_environment(void) {
-    const char	*flag;
-    int		fd;
-    char	**env = * _NSGetEnviron();
-    char	**p;
-    char	*c;
-
-    if (malloc_debug_file != STDERR_FILENO) {
-	close(malloc_debug_file);
-	malloc_debug_file = STDERR_FILENO;
-    }
-#if __LP64__
-    malloc_debug_flags = SCALABLE_MALLOC_ABORT_ON_CORRUPTION; // Set always on 64-bit processes
-#else
-    malloc_debug_flags = 0;
-#endif
-    stack_logging_enable_logging = 0;
-    stack_logging_dontcompact = 0;
-    malloc_logger = NULL;
-    malloc_check_start = 0;
-    malloc_check_each = 1000;
-    malloc_check_abort = 0;
-    malloc_check_sleep = 100;
-    /*
-     * Given that all environment variables start with "Malloc" we optimize by scanning quickly
-     * first the environment, therefore avoiding repeated calls to getenv().
-     * If we are setu/gid these flags are ignored to prevent a malicious invoker from changing
-     * our behaviour.
-     */
-    for (p = env; (c = *p) != NULL; ++p) {
-	if (!strncmp(c, "Malloc", 6)) {
-	    if (issetugid())
-		return;
-	    break;
-	}
-    }
-    if (c == NULL)
-	return;
+    const char *flag;
     flag = getenv("MallocLogFile");
     if (flag) {
-	fd = open(flag, O_WRONLY|O_APPEND|O_CREAT, 0644);
+	int fd = open(flag, O_WRONLY|O_APPEND|O_CREAT, 0644);
 	if (fd >= 0) {
-           malloc_debug_file = fd;
-	   fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, 0); // clear close-on-exec flag  XXX why?
-	} else {
-	    malloc_printf("Could not open %s, using stderr\n", flag);
-	}
+	    logfd = fd;
+	    fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, 0); // clear close-on-exec flag
+	} else
+	    malloc_printf("malloc[%d]: Could not open %s, using stderr\n",
+		getpid(), flag);
     }
     if (getenv("MallocGuardEdges")) {
 	malloc_debug_flags = SCALABLE_MALLOC_ADD_GUARD_PAGES;
-	_malloc_printf(ASL_LEVEL_INFO, "protecting edges\n");
+	malloc_printf("malloc[%d]: protecting edges\n", getpid());
 	if (getenv("MallocDoNotProtectPrelude")) {
 	    malloc_debug_flags |= SCALABLE_MALLOC_DONT_PROTECT_PRELUDE;
-	    _malloc_printf(ASL_LEVEL_INFO, "... but not protecting prelude guard page\n");
+	    malloc_printf("malloc[%d]: ... but not protecting prelude guard page\n", getpid());
 	}
 	if (getenv("MallocDoNotProtectPostlude")) {
 	    malloc_debug_flags |= SCALABLE_MALLOC_DONT_PROTECT_POSTLUDE;
-	    _malloc_printf(ASL_LEVEL_INFO, "... but not protecting postlude guard page\n");
+	    malloc_printf("malloc[%d]: ... but not protecting postlude guard page\n", getpid());
 	}
     }
     flag = getenv("MallocStackLogging");
     if (!flag) {
 	flag = getenv("MallocStackLoggingNoCompact");
 	stack_logging_dontcompact = 1;
-    } 
-    // For debugging, the MallocStackLogging or MallocStackLoggingNoCompact environment variables can be set to
-    // values of "memory", "disk", or "both" to control which stack logging mechanism to use.  Those strings appear
-    // in the flag variable, and the strtoul() call below will return 0, so then we can do string comparison on the
-    // value of flag.  The default stack logging now is disk stack logging, since memory stack logging is not 64-bit-aware.
+    }
     if (flag) {
-	unsigned long val = strtoul(flag, NULL, 0);
+	unsigned	val = strtoul(flag, NULL, 0);
 	if (val == 1) val = 0;
 	if (val == -1) val = 0;
-	if (val) {
-	    malloc_logger = (void *)val;
-	    _malloc_printf(ASL_LEVEL_INFO, "recording stacks using recorder %p\n", malloc_logger);
-	} else if (strcmp(flag,"memory") == 0) {
-	    malloc_logger = (malloc_logger_t *)stack_logging_log_stack;
-	    _malloc_printf(ASL_LEVEL_INFO, "recording malloc stacks in memory using standard recorder\n");
-	} else if (strcmp(flag,"both") == 0) {
-	    malloc_logger = stack_logging_log_stack_debug;
-	    _malloc_printf(ASL_LEVEL_INFO, "recording malloc stacks to both memory and disk for comparison debugging\n");
-	} else {	// the default is to log to disk
-	    malloc_logger = __disk_stack_logging_log_stack;
-	    _malloc_printf(ASL_LEVEL_INFO, "recording malloc stacks to disk using standard recorder\n");
-	}
+	malloc_logger = (val) ? (void *)val : stack_logging_log_stack;
 	stack_logging_enable_logging = 1;
-	if (stack_logging_dontcompact) {
-	    if (malloc_logger == __disk_stack_logging_log_stack) {
-	      _malloc_printf(ASL_LEVEL_INFO, "stack logging compaction turned off; size of log files on disk can increase rapidly\n");
-	    } else {
-	      _malloc_printf(ASL_LEVEL_INFO, "stack logging compaction turned off; VM can increase rapidly\n");
-	    }
-	}
+	if (malloc_logger == stack_logging_log_stack) {
+	    malloc_printf("malloc[%d]: recording stacks using standard recorder\n", getpid());
+	} else {
+	    malloc_printf("malloc[%d]: recording stacks using recorder %p\n", getpid(), malloc_logger);
+	}
+	if (stack_logging_dontcompact) malloc_printf("malloc[%d]: stack logging compaction turned off; VM can increase rapidly\n", getpid());
     }
     if (getenv("MallocScribble")) {
-        malloc_debug_flags |= SCALABLE_MALLOC_DO_SCRIBBLE;
-        _malloc_printf(ASL_LEVEL_INFO, "enabling scribbling to detect mods to free blocks\n");
-    }
-    if (getenv("MallocErrorAbort")) {
-        malloc_debug_flags |= SCALABLE_MALLOC_ABORT_ON_ERROR;
-        _malloc_printf(ASL_LEVEL_INFO, "enabling abort() on bad malloc or free\n");
-    }
-#if __LP64__
-    /* initialization above forces SCALABLE_MALLOC_ABORT_ON_CORRUPTION of 64-bit processes */
-#else
-    if (getenv("MallocCorruptionAbort")) { // Set from an environment variable in 32-bit processes
-	malloc_debug_flags |= SCALABLE_MALLOC_ABORT_ON_CORRUPTION;
-    }
-#endif
+	malloc_debug_flags |= SCALABLE_MALLOC_DO_SCRIBBLE;
+	malloc_printf("malloc[%d]: enabling scribbling to detect mods to free blocks\n", getpid());
+    }
     flag = getenv("MallocCheckHeapStart");
     if (flag) {
 	malloc_check_start = strtoul(flag, NULL, 0);
@@ -404,99 +177,69 @@
 	    if (malloc_check_each == 0) malloc_check_each = 1;
 	    if (malloc_check_each == -1) malloc_check_each = 1;
 	}
-	_malloc_printf(ASL_LEVEL_INFO, "checks heap after %dth operation and each %d operations\n", malloc_check_start, malloc_check_each);
+	malloc_printf("malloc[%d]: checks heap after %dth operation and each %d operations\n", getpid(), malloc_check_start, malloc_check_each);
 	flag = getenv("MallocCheckHeapAbort");
 	if (flag)
 	    malloc_check_abort = strtol(flag, NULL, 0);
 	if (malloc_check_abort)
-	    _malloc_printf(ASL_LEVEL_INFO, "will abort on heap corruption\n");
+	    malloc_printf("malloc[%d]: will abort on heap corruption\n",
+		getpid());
 	else {
 	    flag = getenv("MallocCheckHeapSleep");
 	    if (flag)
 		malloc_check_sleep = strtol(flag, NULL, 0);
 	    if (malloc_check_sleep > 0)
-		_malloc_printf(ASL_LEVEL_INFO, "will sleep for %d seconds on heap corruption\n", malloc_check_sleep);
+		malloc_printf("malloc[%d]: will sleep for %d seconds on heap corruption\n",
+		    getpid(), malloc_check_sleep);
 	    else if (malloc_check_sleep < 0)
-		_malloc_printf(ASL_LEVEL_INFO, "will sleep once for %d seconds on heap corruption\n", -malloc_check_sleep);
+		malloc_printf("malloc[%d]: will sleep once for %d seconds on heap corruption\n",
+		    getpid(), -malloc_check_sleep);
 	    else
-		_malloc_printf(ASL_LEVEL_INFO, "no sleep on heap corruption\n");
-	}
-    }
+		malloc_printf("malloc[%d]: no sleep on heap corruption\n",
+		    getpid());
+	}
+    }
+    flag = getenv("MallocBadFreeAbort");
+    if (flag)
+	malloc_free_abort = strtol(flag, NULL, 0);
     if (getenv("MallocHelp")) {
-	_malloc_printf(ASL_LEVEL_INFO,
-	    "environment variables that can be set for debug:\n"
+	malloc_printf(
+	    "malloc[%d]: environment variables that can be set for debug:\n"
 	    "- MallocLogFile <f> to create/append messages to file <f> instead of stderr\n"
 	    "- MallocGuardEdges to add 2 guard pages for each large block\n"
 	    "- MallocDoNotProtectPrelude to disable protection (when previous flag set)\n"
 	    "- MallocDoNotProtectPostlude to disable protection (when previous flag set)\n"
 	    "- MallocStackLogging to record all stacks.  Tools like leaks can then be applied\n"
 	    "- MallocStackLoggingNoCompact to record all stacks.  Needed for malloc_history\n"
-	    "- MallocStackLoggingDirectory to set location of stack logs, which can grow large; default is /tmp\n"
-	    "- MallocScribble to detect writing on free blocks and missing initializers:\n"
-	    "  0x55 is written upon free and 0xaa is written on allocation\n"
+	    "- MallocScribble to detect writing on free blocks: 0x55 is written upon free\n"
 	    "- MallocCheckHeapStart <n> to start checking the heap after <n> operations\n"
 	    "- MallocCheckHeapEach <s> to repeat the checking of the heap after <s> operations\n"
 	    "- MallocCheckHeapSleep <t> to sleep <t> seconds on heap corruption\n"
 	    "- MallocCheckHeapAbort <b> to abort on heap corruption if <b> is non-zero\n"
-	    "- MallocCorruptionAbort to abort on malloc errors, but not on out of memory for 32-bit processes\n"
-	    "  MallocCorruptionAbort is always set on 64-bit processes\n"
-	    "- MallocErrorAbort to abort on any malloc error, including out of memory\n"
-	    "- MallocHelp - this help!\n");
+	    "- MallocBadFreeAbort <b> to abort on a bad free if <b> is non-zero\n"
+	    "- MallocHelp - this help!\n", getpid());
     }
 }
 
 malloc_zone_t *
-malloc_create_zone(vm_size_t start_size, unsigned flags)
-{
+malloc_create_zone(vm_size_t start_size, unsigned flags) {
     malloc_zone_t	*zone;
-
-    /* start_size doesn't seemed to actually be used, but we test anyways */
-    if (start_size > MALLOC_ABSOLUTE_MAX_SIZE) {
-	return NULL;
-    }
-    if (malloc_def_zone_state < 2) _malloc_initialize();
-    zone = create_scalable_zone(start_size, flags | malloc_debug_flags);
+    if (!malloc_num_zones) {
+	char	**env = * _NSGetEnviron();
+	char	**p;
+	char	*c;
+	/* Given that all environment variables start with "Malloc" we optimize by scanning quickly first the environment, therefore avoiding repeated calls to getenv() */
+	for (p = env; (c = *p) != NULL; ++p) {
+	    if (!strncmp(c, "Malloc", 6)) {
+		set_flags_from_environment(); 
+		break;
+	    }
+	}
+
+    }
+    zone = create_scalable_zone(start_size, malloc_debug_flags);
     malloc_zone_register(zone);
     return zone;
-}
-
-/*
- * For use by CheckFix: establish a new default zone whose behavior is, apart from
- * the use of death-row and per-CPU magazines, that of Leopard.
- */
-void
-malloc_create_legacy_default_zone(void)
-{
-    malloc_zone_t	*zone;
-    int i;
-
-    if (malloc_def_zone_state < 2) _malloc_initialize();
-    zone = create_legacy_scalable_zone(0, malloc_debug_flags);
-
-    MALLOC_LOCK();
-    malloc_zone_register_while_locked(zone);
-
-    //
-    // Establish the legacy scalable zone just created as the default zone.
-    //
-    malloc_zone_t *hold = malloc_zones[0];
-    if(hold->zone_name && strcmp(hold->zone_name, "DefaultMallocZone") == 0) {
-	free((void *)hold->zone_name);
-	hold->zone_name = NULL;
-    }
-    malloc_set_zone_name(zone, "DefaultMallocZone");
-
-    unsigned protect_size = malloc_num_zones_allocated * sizeof(malloc_zone_t *);
-    vm_protect(mach_task_self(), (uintptr_t)malloc_zones, protect_size, 0, VM_PROT_READ | VM_PROT_WRITE);
-
-    // assert(zone == malloc_zones[malloc_num_zones - 1];
-    for (i = malloc_num_zones - 1; i > 0; --i) {
-	malloc_zones[i] = malloc_zones[i - 1];
-    }
-    malloc_zones[0] = zone;
-
-    vm_protect(mach_task_self(), (uintptr_t)malloc_zones, protect_size, 0, VM_PROT_READ);
-    MALLOC_UNLOCK();
 }
 
 void
@@ -505,67 +248,37 @@
     zone->destroy(zone);
 }
 
-/* called from the {put,set,unset}env routine */
-__private_extern__ void
-__malloc_check_env_name(const char *name)
-{
-    MALLOC_LOCK();
-    if(malloc_def_zone_state == 2 && strncmp(name, "Malloc", 6) == 0)
-	malloc_def_zone_state = 1;
-    MALLOC_UNLOCK();
-}
-
 /*********	Block creation and manipulation	************/
-
-extern const char *__crashreporter_info__;
 
 static void
 internal_check(void) {
     static vm_address_t	*frames = NULL;
     static unsigned	num_frames;
     if (malloc_zone_check(NULL)) {
-		if (!frames) vm_allocate(mach_task_self(), (void *)&frames, vm_page_size, 1);
-		thread_stack_pcs(frames, vm_page_size/sizeof(vm_address_t) - 1, &num_frames);
-    } else {
-	_SIMPLE_STRING b = _simple_salloc();
-	if (b)
-	    _simple_sprintf(b, "*** MallocCheckHeap: FAILED check at %dth operation\n", malloc_check_counter-1);
-	else
-	    _malloc_printf(MALLOC_PRINTF_NOLOG, "*** MallocCheckHeap: FAILED check at %dth operation\n", malloc_check_counter-1);
+	malloc_printf("MallocCheckHeap: PASSED check at %dth operation\n", malloc_check_counter-1);
+	if (!frames) vm_allocate(mach_task_self(), (void *)&frames, vm_page_size, 1);
+	thread_stack_pcs(frames, vm_page_size/sizeof(vm_address_t) - 1, &num_frames);
+    } else {
 	malloc_printf("*** MallocCheckHeap: FAILED check at %dth operation\n", malloc_check_counter-1);
 	if (frames) {
 	    unsigned	index = 1;
-	    if (b) {
-		_simple_sappend(b, "Stack for last operation where the malloc check succeeded: ");
-		while (index < num_frames) _simple_sprintf(b, "%p ", frames[index++]);
-		malloc_printf("%s\n(Use 'atos' for a symbolic stack)\n", _simple_string(b));
-	    } else {
-		/*
-		 * Should only get here if vm_allocate() can't get a single page of
-		 * memory, implying _simple_asl_log() would also fail.  So we just
-		 * print to the file descriptor.
-		 */
-		_malloc_printf(MALLOC_PRINTF_NOLOG, "Stack for last operation where the malloc check succeeded: ");
-		while (index < num_frames) _malloc_printf(MALLOC_PRINTF_NOLOG, "%p ", frames[index++]);
-		_malloc_printf(MALLOC_PRINTF_NOLOG, "\n(Use 'atos' for a symbolic stack)\n");
-	    }
+	    malloc_printf("Stack for last operation where the malloc check succeeded: ");
+	    while (index < num_frames) malloc_printf("%p ", frames[index++]);
+	    malloc_printf("\n(Use 'atos' for a symbolic stack)\n");
 	}
 	if (malloc_check_each > 1) {
 	    unsigned	recomm_each = (malloc_check_each > 10) ? malloc_check_each/10 : 1;
 	    unsigned	recomm_start = (malloc_check_counter > malloc_check_each+1) ? malloc_check_counter-1-malloc_check_each : 1;
 	    malloc_printf("*** Recommend using 'setenv MallocCheckHeapStart %d; setenv MallocCheckHeapEach %d' to narrow down failure\n", recomm_start, recomm_each);
 	}
-	if (malloc_check_abort) {
-	    __crashreporter_info__ = b ? _simple_string(b) : "*** MallocCheckHeap: FAILED check";
+	if (malloc_check_abort)
 	    abort();
-	} else if (b)
-	    _simple_sfree(b);
 	if (malloc_check_sleep > 0) {
-	    _malloc_printf(ASL_LEVEL_NOTICE, "*** Sleeping for %d seconds to leave time to attach\n",
+	    malloc_printf("*** Sleeping for %d seconds to leave time to attach\n",
 		malloc_check_sleep);
 	    sleep(malloc_check_sleep);
 	} else if (malloc_check_sleep < 0) {
-	    _malloc_printf(ASL_LEVEL_NOTICE, "*** Sleeping once for %d seconds to leave time to attach\n",
+	    malloc_printf("*** Sleeping once for %d seconds to leave time to attach\n",
 		-malloc_check_sleep);
 	    sleep(-malloc_check_sleep);
 	    malloc_check_sleep = 0;
@@ -577,14 +290,16 @@
 void *
 malloc_zone_malloc(malloc_zone_t *zone, size_t size) {
     void	*ptr;
+    if ((unsigned)size >= MAX_ALLOCATION) {
+        /* Probably a programming error */
+        malloc_printf("*** malloc_zone_malloc[%d]: argument too large: %d\n", getpid(), size);
+        return NULL;
+    }
     if (malloc_check_start && (malloc_check_counter++ >= malloc_check_start)) {
 	internal_check();
     }
-    if (size > MALLOC_ABSOLUTE_MAX_SIZE) {
-	return NULL;
-    }
     ptr = zone->malloc(zone, size);
-    if (malloc_logger) malloc_logger(MALLOC_LOG_TYPE_ALLOCATE | MALLOC_LOG_TYPE_HAS_ZONE, (uintptr_t)zone, (uintptr_t)size, 0, (uintptr_t)ptr, 0);
+    if (malloc_logger) malloc_logger(MALLOC_LOG_TYPE_ALLOCATE | MALLOC_LOG_TYPE_HAS_ZONE, (unsigned)zone, size, 0, (unsigned)ptr, 0);
     return ptr;
 }
 
@@ -594,25 +309,29 @@
     if (malloc_check_start && (malloc_check_counter++ >= malloc_check_start)) {
 	internal_check();
     }
-    if (size > MALLOC_ABSOLUTE_MAX_SIZE) {
-	return NULL;
+    if (((unsigned)num_items >= MAX_ALLOCATION) || ((unsigned)size >= MAX_ALLOCATION) || ((long long)size * num_items >= (long long) MAX_ALLOCATION)) {
+        /* Probably a programming error */
+        malloc_printf("*** malloc_zone_calloc[%d]: arguments too large: %d,%d\n", getpid(), num_items, size);
+        return NULL;
     }
     ptr = zone->calloc(zone, num_items, size);
-    if (malloc_logger) malloc_logger(MALLOC_LOG_TYPE_ALLOCATE | MALLOC_LOG_TYPE_HAS_ZONE | MALLOC_LOG_TYPE_CLEARED, (uintptr_t)zone, (uintptr_t)(num_items * size), 0, (uintptr_t)ptr, 0);
+    if (malloc_logger) malloc_logger(MALLOC_LOG_TYPE_ALLOCATE | MALLOC_LOG_TYPE_HAS_ZONE | MALLOC_LOG_TYPE_CLEARED, (unsigned)zone, num_items * size, 0, (unsigned)ptr, 0);
     return ptr;
 }
 
 void *
 malloc_zone_valloc(malloc_zone_t *zone, size_t size) {
     void	*ptr;
+    if ((unsigned)size >= MAX_ALLOCATION) {
+        /* Probably a programming error */
+        malloc_printf("*** malloc_zone_valloc[%d]: argument too large: %d\n", getpid(), size);
+        return NULL;
+    }
     if (malloc_check_start && (malloc_check_counter++ >= malloc_check_start)) {
 	internal_check();
     }
-    if (size > MALLOC_ABSOLUTE_MAX_SIZE) {
-	return NULL;
-    }
     ptr = zone->valloc(zone, size);
-    if (malloc_logger) malloc_logger(MALLOC_LOG_TYPE_ALLOCATE | MALLOC_LOG_TYPE_HAS_ZONE, (uintptr_t)zone, (uintptr_t)size, 0, (uintptr_t)ptr, 0);
+    if (malloc_logger) malloc_logger(MALLOC_LOG_TYPE_ALLOCATE | MALLOC_LOG_TYPE_HAS_ZONE, (unsigned)zone, size, 0, (unsigned)ptr, 0);
     return ptr;
 }
 
@@ -622,100 +341,66 @@
     if (malloc_check_start && (malloc_check_counter++ >= malloc_check_start)) {
 	internal_check();
     }
-    if (size > MALLOC_ABSOLUTE_MAX_SIZE) {
-	return NULL;
-    }
     new_ptr = zone->realloc(zone, ptr, size);
-    if (malloc_logger) malloc_logger(MALLOC_LOG_TYPE_ALLOCATE | MALLOC_LOG_TYPE_DEALLOCATE | MALLOC_LOG_TYPE_HAS_ZONE, (uintptr_t)zone, (uintptr_t)ptr, (uintptr_t)size, (uintptr_t)new_ptr, 0);
+    if (malloc_logger) malloc_logger(MALLOC_LOG_TYPE_ALLOCATE | MALLOC_LOG_TYPE_DEALLOCATE | MALLOC_LOG_TYPE_HAS_ZONE, (unsigned)zone, (unsigned)ptr, size, (unsigned)new_ptr, 0);
     return new_ptr;
 }
 
 void
 malloc_zone_free(malloc_zone_t *zone, void *ptr) {
-    if (malloc_logger) malloc_logger(MALLOC_LOG_TYPE_DEALLOCATE | MALLOC_LOG_TYPE_HAS_ZONE, (uintptr_t)zone, (uintptr_t)ptr, 0, 0, 0);
+    if (malloc_logger) malloc_logger(MALLOC_LOG_TYPE_DEALLOCATE | MALLOC_LOG_TYPE_HAS_ZONE, (unsigned)zone, (unsigned)ptr, 0, 0, 0);
     if (malloc_check_start && (malloc_check_counter++ >= malloc_check_start)) {
 	internal_check();
     }
     zone->free(zone, ptr);
 }
 
-static void
-malloc_zone_free_definite_size(malloc_zone_t *zone, void *ptr, size_t size) {
-    if (malloc_logger) malloc_logger(MALLOC_LOG_TYPE_DEALLOCATE | MALLOC_LOG_TYPE_HAS_ZONE, (uintptr_t)zone, (uintptr_t)ptr, 0, 0, 0);
-    if (malloc_check_start && (malloc_check_counter++ >= malloc_check_start)) {
-	internal_check();
-    }
-    zone->free_definite_size(zone, ptr, size);
-}
-
 malloc_zone_t *
 malloc_zone_from_ptr(const void *ptr) {
-    if (!ptr)
-        return NULL;
-    else
-	return find_registered_zone(ptr, NULL);
-}
-
-void *
-malloc_zone_memalign(malloc_zone_t *zone, size_t alignment, size_t size) {
-    void	*ptr;
-    if (zone->version < 5) // Version must be >= 5 to look at the new memalign field.
-	return NULL;
-    if (!(zone->memalign))
-	return NULL;
-    if (malloc_check_start && (malloc_check_counter++ >= malloc_check_start)) {
-	internal_check();
-    }
-    if (size > MALLOC_ABSOLUTE_MAX_SIZE) {
-	return NULL;
-    }
-    if (alignment < sizeof( void *) ||		// excludes 0 == alignment
-	0 != (alignment & (alignment - 1))) {	// relies on sizeof(void *) being a power of two.
-	return NULL;
-    }
-    ptr = zone->memalign(zone, alignment, size);
-    if (malloc_logger) malloc_logger(MALLOC_LOG_TYPE_ALLOCATE | MALLOC_LOG_TYPE_HAS_ZONE, (uintptr_t)zone, (uintptr_t)size, 0, (uintptr_t)ptr, 0);
-    return ptr;
+    malloc_zone_t	*zone;
+    if (!ptr) return NULL;
+    zone = find_registered_zone(ptr, NULL);
+    return zone;
 }
 
 /*********	Functions for zone implementors	************/
 
 void
 malloc_zone_register(malloc_zone_t *zone) {
+    /* Note that given the sequencing it is always safe to first get the number of zones, then get malloc_zones without taking the lock, if all you need is to iterate through the list */
     MALLOC_LOCK();
-    malloc_zone_register_while_locked(zone);
+    if (malloc_num_zones >= INITIAL_ZONES) {
+        malloc_zone_t		**zones = malloc_zones;
+        malloc_zone_t		*pzone = malloc_zones[0];
+        boolean_t		copy = malloc_num_zones == INITIAL_ZONES;
+        if (copy) zones = NULL; // to avoid realloc on something not allocated
+        MALLOC_UNLOCK();
+        zones = pzone->realloc(pzone, zones, (malloc_num_zones + 1) * sizeof(malloc_zone_t *)); // we leak initial_malloc_zones, not worth tracking it
+        MALLOC_LOCK();
+        if (copy) memcpy(zones, malloc_zones, malloc_num_zones * sizeof(malloc_zone_t *));
+        malloc_zones = zones;
+    }
+    malloc_zones[malloc_num_zones] = zone;
+    malloc_num_zones++; // note that we do this after setting malloc_num_zones, so enumerations without taking the lock are safe
     MALLOC_UNLOCK();
+    // malloc_printf("Registered %p malloc_zones at address %p is %p [%d zones]\n", zone, &malloc_zones, malloc_zones, malloc_num_zones);
 }
 
 void
 malloc_zone_unregister(malloc_zone_t *z) {
     unsigned	index;
-
-    if (malloc_num_zones == 0)
-        return;
-  
     MALLOC_LOCK();
-    for (index = 0; index < malloc_num_zones; ++index) {
-        if (z != malloc_zones[index])
-            continue;
-      
-        // Modify the page to be allow write access, so that we can update the
-        // malloc_zones array.
-        size_t protect_size = malloc_num_zones_allocated * sizeof(malloc_zone_t *);
-        vm_protect(mach_task_self(), (uintptr_t)malloc_zones, protect_size, 0, VM_PROT_READ | VM_PROT_WRITE);
-
-        // If we found a match, swap it with the entry on the back of the list
-        // and null out the back of the list.
-        malloc_zones[index] = malloc_zones[malloc_num_zones - 1];
-        malloc_zones[malloc_num_zones - 1] = NULL;
-        --malloc_num_zones;
-        
-        vm_protect(mach_task_self(), (uintptr_t)malloc_zones, protect_size, 0, VM_PROT_READ);
-        MALLOC_UNLOCK();
-        return;
+    index = malloc_num_zones;
+    while (index--) {
+        malloc_zone_t	*zone = malloc_zones[index];
+        if (zone == z) {
+            malloc_zones[index] = malloc_zones[--malloc_num_zones];
+            MALLOC_UNLOCK();
+            return;
+        }
     }
     MALLOC_UNLOCK();
-    malloc_printf("*** malloc_zone_unregister() failed for %p\n", z);
+    malloc_printf("*** malloc[%d]: malloc_zone_unregister() failed for %p\n", getpid(), z);
 }
 
 void
@@ -735,60 +420,67 @@
     return zone->zone_name;
 }
 
-/*
- * XXX malloc_printf now uses _simple_*printf.  It only deals with a
- * subset of printf format specifiers, but it doesn't call malloc.
- */
-
-__private_extern__ void
-_malloc_vprintf(int flags, const char *format, va_list ap)
-{
-    _SIMPLE_STRING b;
-
-    if (_malloc_no_asl_log || (flags & MALLOC_PRINTF_NOLOG) || (b = _simple_salloc()) == NULL) {
-	if (!(flags & MALLOC_PRINTF_NOPREFIX)) {
-	    if (__is_threaded) {
-		/* XXX somewhat rude 'knowing' that pthread_t is a pointer */
-		_simple_dprintf(malloc_debug_file, "%s(%d,%p) malloc: ", getprogname(), getpid(), (void *)pthread_self());
-	    } else {
-		_simple_dprintf(malloc_debug_file, "%s(%d) malloc: ", getprogname(), getpid());
-	    }
-	}
-	_simple_vdprintf(malloc_debug_file, format, ap);
-	return;
-    }
-    if (!(flags & MALLOC_PRINTF_NOPREFIX)) {
-	if (__is_threaded) {
-	    /* XXX somewhat rude 'knowing' that pthread_t is a pointer */
-	    _simple_sprintf(b, "%s(%d,%p) malloc: ", getprogname(), getpid(), (void *)pthread_self());
-	} else {
-	    _simple_sprintf(b, "%s(%d) malloc: ", getprogname(), getpid());
-	}
-    }
-    _simple_vsprintf(b, format, ap);
-    _simple_put(b, malloc_debug_file);
-    _simple_asl_log(flags & MALLOC_PRINTF_LEVEL_MASK, Malloc_Facility, _simple_string(b));
-    _simple_sfree(b);
-}
-
-__private_extern__ void
-_malloc_printf(int flags, const char *format, ...)
-{
-    va_list ap;
-
-    va_start(ap, format);
-    _malloc_vprintf(flags, format, ap);
-    va_end(ap);
-}
-
-void
-malloc_printf(const char *format, ...)
-{
-    va_list ap;
-
-    va_start(ap, format);
-    _malloc_vprintf(ASL_LEVEL_ERR, format, ap);
-    va_end(ap);
+static char *
+_malloc_append_unsigned(unsigned value, unsigned base, char *head) {
+    if (!value) {
+        head[0] = '0';
+    } else {
+        if (value >= base) head = _malloc_append_unsigned(value / base, base, head);
+        value = value % base;
+        head[0] = (value < 10) ? '0' + value : 'a' + value - 10;
+    }
+    return head+1;
+}
+
+void
+malloc_printf(const char *format, ...) {
+    va_list	args;
+    char	buf[1024];
+    char	*head = buf;
+    char	ch;
+    unsigned	*nums;
+    va_start(args, format);
+#if LOG_THREAD
+    head = _malloc_append_unsigned(((unsigned)&args) >> 12, 16, head);
+    *head++ = ' ';
+#endif
+    nums = (void *)args;
+    while (ch = *format++) {
+        if (ch == '%') {
+            ch = *format++;
+            if (ch == 's') {
+                char	*str = (char *)(*nums++);
+                write(logfd, buf, head - buf);
+                head = buf;
+                write(logfd, str, strlen(str));
+	    } else if (ch == 'y') {
+		unsigned	num = *nums++;
+		if (num == 0) {
+		    *head++ = '0';
+		} else if (num >= 10 * 1024 *1024) {
+		    // use a round number of MB
+		    head = _malloc_append_unsigned(num >> 20, 10, head);
+                    *head++ = 'M'; *head++ = 'B';
+		} else if (num >= 10 * 1024) {
+		    // use a round amount of KB
+		    head = _malloc_append_unsigned(num >> 10, 10, head);
+                    *head++ = 'K'; *head++ = 'B';
+		} else {
+		    head = _malloc_append_unsigned(num, 10, head);
+                    *head++ = 'b';
+		}
+            } else {
+                if (ch == 'p') {
+                    *head++ = '0'; *head++ = 'x';
+                }
+                head = _malloc_append_unsigned(*nums++, (ch == 'd') ? 10 : 16, head);
+            }
+        } else {
+            *head++ = ch;
+        }
+    }
+    write(logfd, buf, head - buf); fflush(stderr);
+    va_end(args);
 }
 
 /*********	Generic ANSI callouts	************/
@@ -816,54 +508,32 @@
 void
 free(void *ptr) {
     malloc_zone_t	*zone;
-    size_t		size;
-    if (!ptr)
-	return;
-    zone = find_registered_zone(ptr, &size);
-    if (!zone) {
-	malloc_printf("*** error for object %p: pointer being freed was not allocated\n"
-	"*** set a breakpoint in malloc_error_break to debug\n", ptr);
-	malloc_error_break();
-	if ((malloc_debug_flags & (SCALABLE_MALLOC_ABORT_ON_CORRUPTION|SCALABLE_MALLOC_ABORT_ON_ERROR)))
-		abort();
-    } else if (zone->version >= 6 && zone->free_definite_size)
-	malloc_zone_free_definite_size(zone, ptr, size);
-    else
+    if (!ptr) return;
+    zone = find_registered_zone(ptr, NULL);
+    if (zone) {
         malloc_zone_free(zone, ptr);
+    } else {
+        malloc_printf("*** malloc[%d]: Deallocation of a pointer not malloced: %p; This could be a double free(), or free() called with the middle of an allocated block; Try setting environment variable MallocHelp to see tools to help debug\n", getpid(), ptr);
+	if (malloc_free_abort)
+	    abort();
+    }
 }
 
 void *
-realloc(void *in_ptr, size_t new_size) {
-    void		*retval;
-    void		*old_ptr;
+realloc(void *old_ptr, size_t new_size) {
+    void	*retval;
     malloc_zone_t	*zone;
-    size_t		old_size = 0;
-
-    // SUSv3: "If size is 0 and ptr is not a null pointer, the object
-    // pointed to is freed. If the space cannot be allocated, the object
-    // shall remain unchanged."  Also "If size is 0, either a null pointer
-    // or a unique pointer that can be successfully passed to free() shall
-    // be returned."  We choose to allocate a minimum size object by calling
-    // malloc_zone_malloc with zero size, which matches "If ptr is a null
-    // pointer, realloc() shall be equivalent to malloc() for the specified
-    // size."  So we only free the original memory if the allocation succeeds.
-    old_ptr = (new_size == 0) ? NULL : in_ptr;
+    size_t	old_size = 0;
     if (!old_ptr) {
 	retval = malloc_zone_malloc(inline_malloc_default_zone(), new_size);
     } else {
 	zone = find_registered_zone(old_ptr, &old_size);
-        if (zone && old_size >= new_size) 
-            return old_ptr;
-	
-	if (!zone)
-            zone = inline_malloc_default_zone();
-	    
+	if (zone && (old_size >= new_size)) return old_ptr;
+	if (!zone) zone = inline_malloc_default_zone();
 	retval = malloc_zone_realloc(zone, old_ptr, new_size);
     }
     if (retval == NULL) {
 	errno = ENOMEM;
-    } else if (new_size == 0) {
-	free(in_ptr);
     }
     return retval;
 }
@@ -887,10 +557,7 @@
 size_t
 malloc_size(const void *ptr) {
     size_t	size = 0;
-    
-    if (!ptr) 
-    return size;
-	
+    if (!ptr) return size;
     (void)find_registered_zone(ptr, &size);
     return size;
 }
@@ -899,100 +566,6 @@
 malloc_good_size (size_t size) {
     malloc_zone_t	*zone = inline_malloc_default_zone();
     return zone->introspect->good_size(zone, size);
-}
-
-/*
- * The posix_memalign() function shall allocate size bytes aligned on a boundary specified by alignment, 
- * and shall return a pointer to the allocated memory in memptr. 
- * The value of alignment shall be a multiple of sizeof( void *), that is also a power of two. 
- * Upon successful completion, the value pointed to by memptr shall be a multiple of alignment.
- *
- * Upon successful completion, posix_memalign() shall return zero; otherwise,
- * an error number shall be returned to indicate the error.
- *
- * The posix_memalign() function shall fail if:
- * EINVAL
- *	The value of the alignment parameter is not a power of two multiple of sizeof( void *).
- * ENOMEM
- *	There is insufficient memory available with the requested alignment.
- */
- 
-int 
-posix_memalign(void **memptr, size_t alignment, size_t size)
-{
-    void	*retval;
-    
-    /* POSIX is silent on NULL == memptr !?! */
-
-    retval = malloc_zone_memalign(inline_malloc_default_zone(), alignment, size);
-    if (retval == NULL) {
-	// To avoid testing the alignment constraints redundantly, we'll rely on the
-	// test made in malloc_zone_memalign to vet each request. Only if that test fails
-	// and returns NULL, do we arrive here to detect the bogus alignment and give the
-	// required EINVAL return.
-	if (alignment < sizeof( void *) ||		// excludes 0 == alignment 
-	    0 != (alignment & (alignment - 1))) {	// relies on sizeof(void *) being a power of two.
-	    return EINVAL;
-	}
-	return ENOMEM;
-    } else {
-	*memptr = retval; // Set iff allocation succeeded
-	return 0;
-    }
-}
-
-static malloc_zone_t *
-find_registered_purgeable_zone(void *ptr) {
-    if (!ptr)
-        return NULL;
-    
-    /*
-     * Look for a zone which contains ptr.  If that zone does not have the purgeable malloc flag
-     * set, or the allocation is too small, do nothing.  Otherwise, set the allocation volatile.
-     * FIXME: for performance reasons, we should probably keep a separate list of purgeable zones
-     * and only search those.
-     */
-    size_t size = 0;
-    malloc_zone_t *zone = find_registered_zone(ptr, &size);
-    
-    /* FIXME: would really like a zone->introspect->flags->purgeable check, but haven't determined
-     * binary compatibility impact of changing the introspect struct yet. */
-    if (!zone)
-        return NULL;
-
-    /* Check to make sure pointer is page aligned and size is multiple of page size */
-    if ((size < vm_page_size) || ((size % vm_page_size) != 0))
-        return NULL;
-
-    return zone;
-}
-
-void
-malloc_make_purgeable(void *ptr) {
-    malloc_zone_t *zone = find_registered_purgeable_zone(ptr);
-    if (!zone)
-        return;
-    
-    int state = VM_PURGABLE_VOLATILE;
-    vm_purgable_control(mach_task_self(), (vm_address_t)ptr, VM_PURGABLE_SET_STATE, &state);
-    return;
-}
-
-/* Returns true if ptr is valid.  Ignore the return value from vm_purgeable_control and only report
- * state. */
-int
-malloc_make_nonpurgeable(void *ptr) {
-    malloc_zone_t *zone = find_registered_purgeable_zone(ptr);
-    if (!zone)
-        return 0;
-
-    int state = VM_PURGABLE_NONVOLATILE;
-    vm_purgable_control(mach_task_self(), (vm_address_t)ptr, VM_PURGABLE_SET_STATE, &state);
-    
-    if (state == VM_PURGABLE_EMPTY)
-        return EFAULT;
-
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*********	Batch methods	************/
@@ -1008,7 +581,7 @@
     if (malloc_logger) {
 	unsigned	index = 0;
 	while (index < batched) {
-	    malloc_logger(MALLOC_LOG_TYPE_ALLOCATE | MALLOC_LOG_TYPE_HAS_ZONE, (uintptr_t)zone, (uintptr_t)size, 0, (uintptr_t)results[index], 0);
+	    malloc_logger(MALLOC_LOG_TYPE_ALLOCATE | MALLOC_LOG_TYPE_HAS_ZONE, (unsigned)zone, size, 0, (unsigned)results[index], 0);
 	    index++;
 	}
     }
@@ -1023,7 +596,7 @@
     if (malloc_logger) {
 	unsigned	index = 0;
 	while (index < num) {
-	    malloc_logger(MALLOC_LOG_TYPE_DEALLOCATE | MALLOC_LOG_TYPE_HAS_ZONE, (uintptr_t)zone, (uintptr_t)to_be_freed[index], 0, 0, 0);
+	    malloc_logger(MALLOC_LOG_TYPE_DEALLOCATE | MALLOC_LOG_TYPE_HAS_ZONE, (unsigned)zone, (unsigned)to_be_freed[index], 0, 0, 0);
 	    index++;
 	}
     }
@@ -1062,14 +635,14 @@
     err = reader(task, remote_malloc_zones, sizeof(void *), (void **)&zones_address_ref);
     // printf("Read malloc_zones[%p]=%p\n", remote_malloc_zones, *zones_address_ref);
     if (err) {
-        malloc_printf("*** malloc_get_all_zones: error reading zones_address at %p\n", (unsigned)remote_malloc_zones);
+        malloc_printf("*** malloc[%d]: malloc_get_all_zones: error reading zones_address at %p\n", getpid(), (unsigned)remote_malloc_zones);
         return err;
     }
     zones_address = *zones_address_ref;
     // printf("Reading num_zones at address %p\n", remote_malloc_num_zones);
     err = reader(task, remote_malloc_num_zones, sizeof(unsigned), (void **)&num_zones_ref);
     if (err) {
-        malloc_printf("*** malloc_get_all_zones: error reading num_zones at %p\n", (unsigned)remote_malloc_num_zones);
+        malloc_printf("*** malloc[%d]: malloc_get_all_zones: error reading num_zones at %p\n",  getpid(), (unsigned)remote_malloc_num_zones);
         return err;
     }
     num_zones = *num_zones_ref;
@@ -1078,7 +651,7 @@
     // printf("malloc_get_all_zones succesfully found %d zones\n", num_zones);
     err = reader(task, zones_address, sizeof(malloc_zone_t *) * num_zones, (void **)addresses);
     if (err) {
-        malloc_printf("*** malloc_get_all_zones: error reading zones at %p\n", &zones_address);
+        malloc_printf("*** malloc[%d]: malloc_get_all_zones: error reading zones at %p\n", getpid(), (unsigned)&zones_address);
         return err;
     }
     // printf("malloc_get_all_zones succesfully read %d zones\n", num_zones);
@@ -1091,7 +664,7 @@
 malloc_zone_print_ptr_info(void *ptr) {
     malloc_zone_t	*zone;
     if (!ptr) return;
-    zone = malloc_zone_from_ptr(ptr);
+    zone = find_registered_zone(ptr, NULL);
     if (zone) {
         printf("ptr %p in registered zone %p\n", ptr, zone);
     } else {
@@ -1130,7 +703,7 @@
 void
 malloc_zone_statistics(malloc_zone_t *zone, malloc_statistics_t *stats) {
     if (!zone) {
-	memset(stats, 0, sizeof(*stats));
+	memset(stats, 0, sizeof(stats));
         unsigned	index = 0;
         while (index < malloc_num_zones) {
             zone = malloc_zones[index++];
@@ -1163,19 +736,10 @@
 
 static void
 DefaultMallocError(int x) {
+    malloc_printf("*** malloc[%d]: error %d\n", getpid(), x);
 #if USE_SLEEP_RATHER_THAN_ABORT
-    malloc_printf("*** error %d\n", x);
     sleep(3600);
 #else
-    _SIMPLE_STRING b = _simple_salloc();
-    if (b) {
-	_simple_sprintf(b, "*** error %d", x);
-	malloc_printf("%s\n", _simple_string(b));
-	__crashreporter_info__ = _simple_string(b);
-    } else {
-	_malloc_printf(MALLOC_PRINTF_NOLOG, "*** error %d", x);
-	__crashreporter_info__ = "*** DefaultMallocError called";
-    }
     abort();
 #endif
 }
@@ -1184,11 +748,6 @@
 malloc_error(void (*func)(int)))(int) {
     return DefaultMallocError;
 }
-
-/* Stack logging fork-handling prototypes */
-extern void __stack_logging_fork_prepare();
-extern void __stack_logging_fork_parent();
-extern void __stack_logging_fork_child();
 
 void
 _malloc_fork_prepare() {
@@ -1199,14 +758,12 @@
         malloc_zone_t	*zone = malloc_zones[index++];
         zone->introspect->force_lock(zone);
     }
-	__stack_logging_fork_prepare();
 }
 
 void
 _malloc_fork_parent() {
     /* Called in the parent process after a fork() to resume normal operation. */
     unsigned	index = 0;
-	__stack_logging_fork_parent();
     MALLOC_UNLOCK();
     while (index < malloc_num_zones) {
         malloc_zone_t	*zone = malloc_zones[index++];
@@ -1218,7 +775,6 @@
 _malloc_fork_child() {
     /* Called in the child process after a fork() to resume normal operation.  In the MTASK case we also have to change memory inheritance so that the child does not share memory with the parent. */
     unsigned	index = 0;
-	__stack_logging_fork_child();
     MALLOC_UNLOCK();
     while (index < malloc_num_zones) {
         malloc_zone_t	*zone = malloc_zones[index++];
@@ -1226,27 +782,10 @@
     }
 }
 
-/*
- * A Glibc-like mstats() interface.
- *
- * Note that this interface really isn't very good, as it doesn't understand
- * that we may have multiple allocators running at once.  We just massage
- * the result from malloc_zone_statistics in any case.
- */
-struct mstats
-mstats(void)
-{
-    malloc_statistics_t s;
-    struct mstats m;
-
-    malloc_zone_statistics(NULL, &s);
-    m.bytes_total = s.size_allocated;
-    m.chunks_used = s.blocks_in_use;
-    m.bytes_used = s.size_in_use;
-    m.chunks_free = 0;
-    m.bytes_free = m.bytes_total - m.bytes_used;	/* isn't this somewhat obvious? */
-
-    return(m);
+size_t
+mstats(void) {
+    malloc_zone_print(NULL, 0);
+    return 1;
 }
 
 /*****************	OBSOLETE ENTRY POINTS	********************/
@@ -1262,7 +801,7 @@
     static boolean_t warned = 0;
     if (!warned) {
 #if PHASE_OUT_OLD_MALLOC
-        malloc_printf("*** OBSOLETE: set_malloc_singlethreaded(%d)\n", single);
+        malloc_printf("*** malloc[%d]: OBSOLETE: set_malloc_singlethreaded(%d)\n", getpid(), single);
 #endif
         warned = 1;
     }
@@ -1272,13 +811,13 @@
 malloc_singlethreaded() {
     static boolean_t warned = 0;
     if (!warned) {
-        malloc_printf("*** OBSOLETE: malloc_singlethreaded()\n");
+        malloc_printf("*** malloc[%d]: OBSOLETE: malloc_singlethreaded()\n", getpid());
         warned = 1;
     }
 }
 
 int
 malloc_debug(int level) {
-    malloc_printf("*** OBSOLETE: malloc_debug()\n");
+    malloc_printf("*** malloc[%d]: OBSOLETE: malloc_debug()\n", getpid());
     return 0;
 }