--- Libc/Libc-391/stdtime/getdate.3
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-'\" t
-.Dd January 3, 2004
-.Dt GETDATE 3
-.Os
-.Sh NAME
-.Nm getdate
-.Nd convert user format date and time
-.Sh SYNOPSIS
-.In time.h
-.Vt extern int getdate_err ;
-.Ft struct tm *
-.Fn getdate "const char *string"
-.Sh DESCRIPTION
-The
-.Fn getdate
-function converts user-definable date and/or
-time specifications pointed to by
-.Fa string
-to a
-.Vt tm
-structure.
-The
-.Vt tm
-structure is defined in the
-.Aq Pa time.h
-header.
-.Pp
-User-supplied templates are used to parse and interpret the
-input string.
-The templates are text files created by the
-user and identified via the environment variable
-.Ev DATEMSK .
-Each line in the template represents an acceptable date
-and/or time specification using conversion specifications
-similar to those used by
-.Xr strftime 3
-and
-.Xr strptime 3 .
-Dates before 1902 and after 2037 are illegal.
-The first line
-in the template that matches the input specification is used
-for interpretation and conversion into the internal time
-format.
-.Pp
-.Ss "Conversion Specifications"
-The following conversion specifications are supported:
-.Bl -tag -width "xxxx"
-.It Cm \&%%
-Same as %.
-.It Cm \&%a
-Locale's abbreviated weekday name.
-.It Cm \&%A
-Locale's full weekday name.
-.It Cm \&%b
-Locale's abbreviated month name.
-.It Cm \&%B
-Locale's full month name.
-.It Cm \&%c
-Locale's appropriate date and time representation.
-.It Cm \&%C
-Century number (the year divided by 100 and truncated
-to an integer as a decimal number [1,99]); single
-digits are preceded by 0.
-If used
-without the %y specifier, this format specifier will
-assume the current year offset in whichever century is
-specified. The only valid years are between 1902-2037.
-.It Cm \&%d
-day of month [01,31]; leading zero is permitted but
-not required.
-.It Cm \&%D
-Date as %m/%d/%y.
-.It Cm \&%e
-Same as %d.
-.It Cm \&%h
-Locale's abbreviated month name.
-.It Cm \&%H
-Hour (24-hour clock) [0,23]; leading zero is permitted
-but not required.
-.It Cm \&%I
-Hour (12-hour clock) [1,12]; leading zero is permitted
-but not required.
-.It Cm \&%j
-Day number of the year [1,366]; leading zeros are permitted but not required.
-.It Cm \&%m
-Month number [1,12]; leading zero is permitted but not
-required.
-.It Cm \&%M
-Minute [0,59]; leading zero is permitted but not
-required.
-.It Cm \&%n
-Any white space.
-.It Cm \&%p
-Locale's equivalent of either a.m. or p.m.
-.It Cm \&%r
-Appropriate time representation in the 12-hour clock
-format with %p.
-.It Cm \&%R
-Time as %H:%M.
-.It Cm \&%S
-Seconds [0,61]; leading zero is permitted but not
-required. The range of values is [00,61] rather than
-[00,59] to allow for the occasional leap second and
-even more occasional double leap second.
-.It Cm \&%t
-Any white space.
-.It Cm \&%T
-Time as %H:%M:%S.
-.It Cm \&%U
-Week number of the year as a decimal number [0,53],
-with Sunday as the first day of the week; leading zero
-is permitted but not required.
-.It Cm \&%w
-Weekday as a decimal number [0,6], with 0 representing
-Sunday.
-.It Cm \&%W
-Week number of the year as a decimal number [0,53],
-with Monday as the first day of the week; leading zero
-is permitted but not required.
-.It Cm \&%x
-Locale's appropriate date representation.
-.It Cm \&%X
-Locale's appropriate time representation.
-.It Cm \&%y
-Year within century. When a century is not otherwise
-specified, values in the range 69-99 refer to years in
-the twentieth century (1969 to 1999 inclusive); values
-in the range 00-68 refer to years in the twenty-first
-century (2000 to 2068 inclusive).
-.It Cm \&%Y
-Year, including the century (for example, 1993).
-.It Cm \&%Z
-Time zone name or no characters if no time zone
-exists.
-.El
-.Ss "Modified Conversion Specifications"
-Some conversion specifications can be modified by the E and
-O modifier characters to indicate that an alternative format
-or specification should be used rather than the one normally
-used by the unmodified specification.
-If the alternative
-format or specification does not exist in the current
-locale, the behavior be as if the unmodified conversion
-specification were used.
-.Bl -tag -width "xxxx"
-.It Cm \&%Ec
-Locale's alternative appropriate date and time
-representation.
-.It Cm \&%EC
-Name of the base year (period) in the locale's alternative representation.
-.It Cm \&%Ex
-Locale's alternative date representation.
-.It Cm \&%EX
-Locale's alternative time representation.
-.It Cm \&%Ey
-Offset from %EC (year only) in the locale's alternative representation.
-.It Cm \&%EY
-Full alternative year representation.
-.It Cm \&%Od
-Day of the month using the locale's alternative
-numeric symbols; leading zeros are permitted but not
-required.
-.It Cm \&%Oe
-Same as %Od.
-.It Cm \&%OH
-Hour (24-hour clock) using the locale's alternative
-numeric symbols.
-.It Cm \&%OI
-Hour (12-hour clock) using the locale's alternative
-numeric symbols.
-.It Cm \&%Om
-Month using the locale's alternative numeric symbols.
-.It Cm \&%OM
-Minutes using the locale's alternative numeric symbols.
-.It Cm \&%OS
-Seconds using the locale's alternative numeric symbols.
-.It Cm \&%OU
-Week number of the year (Sunday as the first day of
-the week) using the locale's alternative numeric symbols.
-.It Cm \&%Ow
-Number of the weekday (Sunday=0) using the locale's
-alternative numeric symbols.
-.It Cm \&%OW
-Week number of the year (Monday as the first day of
-the week) using the locale's alternative numeric symbols.
-.It Cm \&%Oy
-Year (offset from %C) in the locale's alternative
-representation and using the locale's alternative
-numeric symbols.
-.El
-.Ss "Internal Format Conversion"
-The following rules are applied for converting the input
-specification into the internal format:
-.Bl -bullet -offset indent
-.It
-If only the weekday is given, today is assumed if the
-given day is equal to the current day and next week if
-it is less.
-.It
-If only the month is given, the current month is
-assumed if the given month is equal to the current
-month and next year if it is less and no year is
-given.
-(The first day of month is assumed if no day is
-given.)
-.It
-If only the year is given, the values of the tm_mon,
-tm_mday, tm_yday, tm_wday, and tm_isdst members of the
-returned tm structure are not specified.
-.It
-If the century is given, but the year within the century is not given,
-the current year within the century
-is assumed.
-.It
-If no hour, minute, and second are given, the current
-hour, minute, and second are assumed.
-.It
-If no date is given, today is assumed if the given
-hour is greater than the current hour and tomorrow is
-assumed if it is less.
-.El
-.Ss "General Specifications"
-A conversion specification that is an ordinary character is
-executed by scanning the next character from the buffer.
-If the character scanned from the buffer differs from the one
-comprising the conversion specification, the specification
-fails, and the differing and subsequent characters remain
-unscanned.
-.Pp
-A series of conversion specifications composed of
-.Ql %n ,
-.Ql %t ,
-white space characters, or any combination is executed by
-scanning up to the first character that is not white space
-(which remains unscanned), or until no more characters can
-be scanned.
-.Pp
-Any other conversion specification is executed by scanning
-characters until a character matching the next conversion
-specification is scanned, or until no more characters can be
-scanned.
-These characters, except the one matching the next
-conversion specification, are then compared to the locale
-values associated with the conversion specifier.
-If a match is found, values for the appropriate
-.Vt tm
-structure members
-are set to values corresponding to the locale information.
-If no match is found,
-.Fn getdate
-fails and no more characters are scanned.
-.Pp
-The month names, weekday names, era names, and alternative
-numeric symbols can consist of any combination of upper and
-lower case letters.
-The user can request that the input
-date or time specification be in a specific language by setting the
-.Ev LC_TIME
-category using
-.Xr setlocale 3 .
-.Sh RETURN VALUES
-If successful,
-.Fn getdate
-returns a pointer to a
-.Vt tm
-structure; otherwise, it returns
-.Dv NULL
-and sets the global variable
-.Va getdate_err
-to indicate the error.
-Subsequent calls to
-.Fn getdate
-alter the contents of
-.Va getdate_err .
-.Pp
-The following is a complete list of the
-.Va getdate_err
-settings and their meanings:
-.Bl -tag -width "xxx"
-.It 1
-The DATEMSK environment variable is null or undefined.
-.It 2
-The template file cannot be opened for reading.
-.It 3
-Failed to get file status information.
-.It 4
-The template file is not a regular file.
-.It 5
-An error is encountered while reading the template
-file.
-.It 6
-The
-.Xr malloc 3
-function failed (not enough memory is
-available).
-.It 7
-There is no line in the template that matches the
-input.
-.It 8
-The input specification is invalid (for example,
-February 31).
-.El
-.Sh USAGE
-The
-.Fn getdate
-function makes explicit use of macros
-described on the
-.Xr ctype 3
-manual page.
-.Sh EXAMPLES
-Example 1: Examples of the
-.Fn getdate
-function.
-.Pp
-The following example shows the possible contents of a template:
-.Bd -literal
-%m
-%A %B %d %Y, %H:%M:%S
-%A
-%B
-%m/%d/%y %I %p
-%d,%m,%Y %H:%M
-at %A the %dst of %B in %Y
-run job at %I %p,%B %dnd
-%A den %d. %B %Y %H.%M Uhr
-.Ed
-.Pp
-The following are examples of valid input specifications for
-the above template:
-.Bd -literal
-getdate("10/1/87 4 PM")
-getdate("Friday")
-getdate("Friday September 19 1987, 10:30:30")
-getdate("24,9,1986 10:30")
-getdate("at monday the 1st of december in 1986")
-getdate("run job at 3 PM, december 2nd")
-.Pp
-.Ed
-If the
-.Ev LANG
-environment variable is set to de (German), the
-following is valid:
-.Bd -literal
-getdate("freitag den 10. oktober 1986 10.30 Uhr")
-.Ed
-.Pp
-Local time and date specification are also supported.
-The following examples show how local date and time specification
-can be defined in the template.
-.Pp
-.Bf -literal
-.TS
-box;
-c | c
-l | l .
-Invocation	Line in Template
-getdate("11/27/86")	%m/%d/%y
-getdate("27.11.86")	%d.%m.%y
-getdate("86-11-27")	%y-%m-%d
-getdate("Friday 12:00:00")	%A %H:%M:%S
-.TE
-.Ef
-.Pp
-The following examples illustrate the Internal Format
-Conversion rules.
-Assume that the current date is
-.Li Mon Sep 22 12:19:47 EDT 1986
-and the
-.Ev LANG
-environment variable is not set.
-.Pp
-.Bf -literal
-.TS
-box;
-c | c | c
-l | l | l .
-Input	Template Line	Date 
-Mon	%a	Mon Sep 22 12:19:48 EDT 1986
-Sun	%a	Sun Sep 28 12:19:49 EDT 1986
-Fri	%a	Fri Sep 26 12:19:49 EDT 1986
-September	%B	Mon Sep 1 12:19:49 EDT 1986
-January	%B	Thu Jan 1 12:19:49 EST 1987
-December	%B	Mon Dec 1 12:19:49 EDT 1986
-Sep Mon	%b %a	Mon Sep 1 12:19:50 EDT 1986
-Jan Fri	%b %a	Fri Jan 2 12:19:50 EST 1987
-Dec Mon	%b %a	Mon Dec 1 12:19:50 EST 1986
-Jan Wed 1989	%b %a %Y	Wed Jan 4 12:19:51 EST 1989
-Fri 9	%a %H	Fri Sep 26 09:00:00 EDT 1986
-Feb 10:30	%b %H:%S	Sun Feb 1 10:00:30 EST 1987
-10:30	%H:%M	Tue Sep 23 10:30:00 EDT 1986
-13:30	%H:%M	Mon Sep 22 13:30:00 EDT 1986
-.TE
-.Ef
-.Pp
-.Sh "SEE ALSO"
-.Xr ctype 3 ,
-.Xr mktime 3 ,
-.Xr setlocale 3 ,
-.Xr strftime 3 ,
-.Xr strptime 3 ,
-.Xr environ 5