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-.\" Copyright (c) 2002 Apple Computer, Inc.  All rights reserved.
-.\"
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-.\" The contents of this file constitute Original Code as defined in and
-.\" are subject to the Apple Public Source License Version 1.1 (the
-.\" "License").  You may not use this file except in compliance with the
-.\" License.  Please obtain a copy of the License at
-.\" http://www.apple.com/publicsource and read it before using this file.
-.\"
-.\" This Original Code and all software distributed under the License are
-.\" distributed on an "AS IS" basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER
-.\" EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AND APPLE HEREBY DISCLAIMS ALL SUCH WARRANTIES,
-.\" INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
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-.\" License for the specific language governing rights and limitations
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-.\"
-.Dd November 21, 2002
-.Dt MALLOC 3
-.Os
-.Sh NAME
-.Nm malloc , calloc , valloc , realloc , reallocf , free , malloc_size , malloc_good_size
-.Nd memory allocation
-.Sh SYNOPSIS
-.In stdlib.h
-.Ft void *
-.Fn malloc "size_t size"
-.Ft void *
-.Fn calloc "size_t count" "size_t size"
-.Ft void *
-.Fn valloc "size_t size"
-.Ft void *
-.Fn realloc "void *ptr" "size_t size"
-.Ft void *
-.Fn reallocf "void *ptr" "size_t size"
-.Ft void
-.Fn free "void *ptr"
-.Ft size_t
-.Fn malloc_size "void *ptr"
-.Ft size_t
-.Fn malloc_good_size "size_t size"
-.Sh DESCRIPTION
-The
-.Fn malloc ,
-.Fn calloc ,
-.Fn valloc ,
-.Fn realloc ,
-and
-.Fn reallocf
-functions allocate memory.
-The allocated memory is aligned such that it can be used for any data type,
-including AltiVec-related types.
-The
-.Fn free
-function frees allocations that were created via the preceding allocation
-functions.
-The
-.Fn malloc_size
-and
-.Fn malloc_good_size
-functions provide information related to the amount of padding space at the end
-of allocations.
-.Pp
-The
-.Fn malloc
-function allocates
-.Fa size
-bytes of memory and returns a pointer to the allocated memory.
-.Fn malloc
-returns a
-.Dv NULL
-pointer if there is an error.
-.Pp
-The
-.Fn calloc
-function contiguously allocates enough space for
-.Fa count
-objects that are
-.Fa size
-bytes of memory each and returns a pointer to the allocated memory.
-The allocated memory is filled with bytes of value zero.
-.Fn calloc
-returns a
-.Dv NULL
-pointer if there is an error.
-.Pp
-The
-.Fn valloc
-function allocates
-.Fa size
-bytes of memory and returns a pointer to the allocated memory.
-The allocated memory is aligned on a page boundary.
-.Fn valloc
-returns a
-.Dv NULL
-pointer if there is an error.
-.Pp
-The
-.Fn realloc
-function tries to change the size of the allocation pointed to by
-.Fa ptr
-to
-.Fa size ,
-and return
-.Fa ptr .
-If there is not enough room to enlarge the memory allocation pointed to by
-.Fa ptr ,
-.Fn realloc
-creates a new allocation, copies as much of the old data pointed to by
-.Fa ptr
-as will fit to the new allocation, frees the old allocation, and returns a
-pointer to the allocated memory.
-.Fn realloc
-returns a
-.Dv NULL
-pointer if there is an error, and the allocation pointed to by
-.Fa ptr
-is still valid.
-.Pp
-The
-.Fn reallocf
-function is identical to the
-.Fn realloc
-function, except that it
-will free the passed pointer when the requested memory cannot be allocated.
-This is a
-.Fx
-specific API designed to ease the problems with traditional coding styles
-for realloc causing memory leaks in libraries.
-.Pp
-The
-.Fn free
-function deallocates the memory allocation pointed to by
-.Fa ptr .
-.Pp
-The
-.Fn malloc_size
-function
-returns the size of the memory block that backs the allocation pointed to by
-.Fa ptr .
-The memory block size is always at least as large as the allocation it backs,
-and may be larger.
-.Pp
-The
-.Fn malloc_good_size
-function rounds
-.Fa size
-up to a value that the allocator implementation can allocate without adding any
-padding and returns that rounded up value.
-.Sh RETURN VALUES
-If successful, the
-.Fn malloc ,
-.Fn calloc ,
-and
-.Fn valloc
-functions return a pointer to allocated memory.
-If there is an error, they return a
-.Dv NULL
-pointer and set
-.Va errno
-to
-.Er ENOMEM .
-.Pp
-If successful, the
-.Fn realloc
-and
-.Fn reallocf
-functions return a pointer to allocated memory.
-If there is an error, it returns a
-.Dv NULL
-pointer and sets
-.Va errno
-to
-.Er ENOMEM .
-.Pp
-The
-.Fn free
-function does not return a value.
-.Sh DEBUGGING ALLOCATION ERRORS
-A number of facilities are provided to aid in debugging allocation errors in
-applications.
-These facilities are primarily controlled via environment variables.
-The recognized environment variables and their meanings are documented below.
-.Sh ENVIRONMENT
-The following environment variables change the behavior of the
-allocation-related functions.
-.Bl -tag -width ".Ev MallocStackLoggingNoCompact"
-.It Ev MallocLogFile <f>
-Create/append messages to the given file path
-.Fa <f>
-instead of writing to the standard error.
-.It Ev MallocGuardEdges
-If set, add a guard page before and after each large block.
-.It Ev MallocDoNotProtectPrelude
-If set, do not add a guard page before large blocks,
-even if the
-.Ev MallocGuardEdges
-environment variable is set.
-.It Ev MallocDoNotProtectPostlude
-If set, do not add a guard page after large blocks,
-even if the
-.Ev MallocGuardEdges
-environment variable is set.
-.It Ev MallocStackLogging
-If set, record all stacks, so that tools like
-.Nm leaks
-can be used.
-.It Ev MallocStackLoggingNoCompact
-If set, record all stacks in a manner that is compatible with the
-.Nm malloc_history
-program.
-.It Ev MallocPreScribble
-If set, fill memory that has been allocated with 0xaa bytes.
-This increases the likelihood that a program making assumptions about the
-contents of freshly allocated memory will fail.
-.It Ev MallocScribble
-If set, fill memory that has been deallocated with 0x55 bytes.
-This increases the likelihood that a program will fail due to accessing memory
-that is no longer allocated.
-.It Ev MallocCheckHeapStart <s>
-If set, specifies the number of allocations
-.Fa <s>
-to wait before begining periodic heap checks every
-.Fa <n>
-as specified by 
-.Ev MallocCheckHeapEach .
-If
-.Ev MallocCheckHeapStart
-is set but 
-.Ev MallocCheckHeapEach
-is not specified, the default check repetition is 1000.
-.It Ev MallocCheckHeapEach <n>
-If set, run a consistency check on the heap every
-.Fa <n>
-operations.
-.Ev MallocCheckHeapEach
-is only meaningful if
-.Ev MallocCheckHeapStart
-is also set.
-.It Ev MallocCheckHeapSleep <t>
-Sets the number of seconds to sleep (waiting for a debugger to attach) when
-.Ev MallocCheckHeapStart
-is set and a heap corruption is detected.
-The default is 100 seconds.
-Setting this to zero means not to sleep at all.
-Setting this to a negative number means to sleep (for the positive number of
-seconds) only the very first time a heap corruption is detected.
-.It Ev MallocCheckHeapAbort <b>
-When
-.Ev MallocCheckHeapStart
-is set and this is set to a non-zero value, causes
-.Xr abort 3
-to be called if a heap corruption is detected, instead of any sleeping.
-.It Ev MallocBadFreeAbort <b>
-If set to a non-zero value, causes
-.Xr abort 3
-to be called if the pointer passed to
-.Xr free 3
-was previously freed, or is otherwise illegal.
-.It Ev MallocHelp
-If set, print a list of environment variables that are paid heed to by the
-allocation-related functions, along with short descriptions.
-The list should correspond to this documentation.
-.El
-.Sh DIAGNOSTIC MESSAGES
-.Sh SEE ALSO
-.Xr leaks 1 ,
-.Xr malloc_history 1 ,
-.Xr abort 3
-.Pa /Developer/Documentation/ReleaseNotes/DeveloperTools/MallocOptions.html