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stdtime/FreeBSD/localtime.c Libc-320 Libc-1583.60.2
--- Libc/Libc-320/stdtime/FreeBSD/localtime.c
+++ Libc/Libc-1583.60.2/stdtime/FreeBSD/localtime.c
@@ -1,20 +1,22 @@
 /*
 ** This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
-** June 5, 1996 by Arthur David Olson (arthur_david_olson@nih.gov).
+** 1996-06-05 by Arthur David Olson.
 */
+
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunreachable-code"
 
 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
 #ifndef lint
 #ifndef NOID
-static char	elsieid[] __unused = "@(#)localtime.c	7.57";
+static char	elsieid[] __unused = "@(#)localtime.c	8.14";
 #endif /* !defined NOID */
 #endif /* !defined lint */
-__FBSDID("$FreeBSD: src/lib/libc/stdtime/localtime.c,v 1.36 2003/02/16 17:29:11 nectar Exp $");
+__FBSDID("$FreeBSD: head/contrib/tzcode/stdtime/localtime.c 289027 2015-10-08 11:42:15Z rodrigc $");
 
 /*
-** Leap second handling from Bradley White (bww@k.gp.cs.cmu.edu).
-** POSIX-style TZ environment variable handling from Guy Harris
-** (guy@auspex.com).
+** Leap second handling from Bradley White.
+** POSIX-style TZ environment variable handling from Guy Harris.
 */
 
 /*LINTLIBRARY*/
@@ -22,17 +24,61 @@
 #include "namespace.h"
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <time.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <pthread.h>
+#ifdef NOTIFY_TZ
+//#define NOTIFY_TZ_DEBUG
+//#define NOTIFY_TZ_DEBUG_FILE	"/var/log/localtime.debug"
+//#define NOTIFY_TZ_LOG	"/var/log/localtime.log"
+/* force ALL_STATE if NOTIFY_TZ is set */
+#ifndef ALL_STATE
+#define ALL_STATE
+#endif /* ALL_STATE */
+#include <mach/mach_init.h>
+#include <notify.h>
+#include <alloca.h>
+#endif /* NOTIFY_TZ */
 #include "private.h"
 #include "un-namespace.h"
 
 #include "tzfile.h"
+#include "float.h"	/* for FLT_MAX and DBL_MAX */
+
+#ifndef TZ_ABBR_MAX_LEN
+/* UNIX03 requires this to be the same as sysconf(_SC_TZNAME_MAX) */
+#define TZ_ABBR_MAX_LEN	255
+#endif /* !defined TZ_ABBR_MAX_LEN */
+
+#ifndef TZ_ABBR_CHAR_SET
+#define TZ_ABBR_CHAR_SET \
+	"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789 :+-._"
+#endif /* !defined TZ_ABBR_CHAR_SET */
+
+#ifndef TZ_ABBR_ERR_CHAR
+#define TZ_ABBR_ERR_CHAR	'_'
+#endif /* !defined TZ_ABBR_ERR_CHAR */
 
 #include "libc_private.h"
 
 #define	_MUTEX_LOCK(x)		if (__isthreaded) _pthread_mutex_lock(x)
 #define	_MUTEX_UNLOCK(x)	if (__isthreaded) _pthread_mutex_unlock(x)
+
+#define _RWLOCK_RDLOCK(x)						\
+		do {							\
+			if (__isthreaded) _pthread_rwlock_rdlock(x);	\
+		} while (0)
+
+#define _RWLOCK_WRLOCK(x)						\
+		do {							\
+			if (__isthreaded) _pthread_rwlock_wrlock(x);	\
+		} while (0)
+
+#define _RWLOCK_UNLOCK(x)						\
+		do {							\
+			if (__isthreaded) _pthread_rwlock_unlock(x);	\
+		} while (0)
 
 /*
 ** SunOS 4.1.1 headers lack O_BINARY.
@@ -59,25 +105,41 @@
 **	5.	They might reference tm.TM_ZONE after calling offtime.
 ** What's best to do in the above cases is open to debate;
 ** for now, we just set things up so that in any of the five cases
-** WILDABBR is used.  Another possibility:  initialize tzname[0] to the
+** WILDABBR is used. Another possibility: initialize tzname[0] to the
 ** string "tzname[0] used before set", and similarly for the other cases.
-** And another:  initialize tzname[0] to "ERA", with an explanation in the
+** And another: initialize tzname[0] to "ERA", with an explanation in the
 ** manual page of what this "time zone abbreviation" means (doing this so
 ** that tzname[0] has the "normal" length of three characters).
 */
 #define WILDABBR	"   "
 #endif /* !defined WILDABBR */
 
-static char		wildabbr[] = "WILDABBR";
-
-static const char	gmt[] = "GMT";
+__used static const char		wildabbr[] = WILDABBR;
+
+/*
+ * In June 2004 it was decided UTC was a more appropriate default time
+ * zone than GMT.
+ */
+
+__used static const char	gmt[] = "UTC";
+
+/*
+** The DST rules to use if TZ has no rules and we can't load TZDEFRULES.
+** We default to US rules as of 1999-08-17.
+** POSIX 1003.1 section 8.1.1 says that the default DST rules are
+** implementation dependent; for historical reasons, US rules are a
+** common default.
+*/
+#ifndef TZDEFRULESTRING
+#define TZDEFRULESTRING ",M4.1.0,M10.5.0"
+#endif /* !defined TZDEFDST */
 
 struct ttinfo {				/* time type information */
-	long		tt_gmtoff;	/* GMT offset in seconds */
+	long		tt_gmtoff;	/* UTC offset in seconds */
 	int		tt_isdst;	/* used to set tm_isdst */
 	int		tt_abbrind;	/* abbreviation list index */
 	int		tt_ttisstd;	/* TRUE if transition is std time */
-	int		tt_ttisgmt;	/* TRUE if transition is GMT */
+	int		tt_ttisgmt;	/* TRUE if transition is UTC */
 };
 
 struct lsinfo {				/* leap second information */
@@ -99,6 +161,8 @@
 	int		timecnt;
 	int		typecnt;
 	int		charcnt;
+	int		goback;
+	int		goahead;
 	time_t		ats[TZ_MAX_TIMES];
 	unsigned char	types[TZ_MAX_TIMES];
 	struct ttinfo	ttis[TZ_MAX_TYPES];
@@ -119,41 +183,116 @@
 #define DAY_OF_YEAR		1	/* n - day of year */
 #define MONTH_NTH_DAY_OF_WEEK	2	/* Mm.n.d - month, week, day of week */
 
+#ifdef NOTIFY_TZ
+typedef struct {
+	int token;
+	int is_set;
+} notify_tz_t;
+
+#define NOTIFY_TZ_NAME		"com.apple.system.timezone"
+#endif /* NOTIFY_TZ */
+
 /*
 ** Prototypes for static functions.
 */
-
+#define	localsub	_st_localsub
+#define	time1		_st_time1
+#define	tzset_basic	_st_tzset_basic
+__private_extern__
+#ifdef __LP64__
+struct tm *		localsub(const time_t * timep, long offset,
+				struct tm * tmp);
+#else /* !__LP64__ */
+void			localsub(const time_t * timep, long offset,
+				struct tm * tmp);
+#endif /* __LP64__ */
+__private_extern__
+time_t			time1(struct tm * tmp,
+#ifdef __LP64__
+				struct tm *(*funcp) (const time_t *,
+				long, struct tm *),
+#else /* !__LP64__ */
+				void(*funcp) (const time_t *,
+				long, struct tm *),
+#endif /* __LP64__ */
+				long offset,
+			        int unix03);
+__private_extern__
+void			tzset_basic(int);
+
+#if !BUILDING_VARIANT
 static long		detzcode(const char * codep);
-static const char *	getzname(const char * strp);
+static time_t		detzcode64(const char * codep);
+static int		differ_by_repeat(time_t t1, time_t t0);
+static const char *	getzname(const char * strp, char **name, size_t *len);
+static const char *	getqzname(const char * strp, const int delim)
+  ATTRIBUTE_PURE;
 static const char *	getnum(const char * strp, int * nump, int min,
 				int max);
 static const char *	getsecs(const char * strp, long * secsp);
 static const char *	getoffset(const char * strp, long * offsetp);
 static const char *	getrule(const char * strp, struct rule * rulep);
+#ifdef NOTIFY_TZ
+static void		gmtload(struct state * sp, char *path);
+#else /* ! NOTIFY_TZ */
 static void		gmtload(struct state * sp);
+#endif /* NOTIFY_TZ */
+#ifdef __LP64__
+static struct tm *	gmtsub(const time_t * timep, long offset,
+				struct tm * tmp);
+#else /* !__LP64__ */
 static void		gmtsub(const time_t * timep, long offset,
 				struct tm * tmp);
-static void		localsub(const time_t * timep, long offset,
-				struct tm * tmp);
+#endif /* __LP64__ */
 static int		increment_overflow(int * number, int delta);
+static int		leaps_thru_end_of(int y) ATTRIBUTE_PURE;
+static int		long_increment_overflow(long * number, int delta);
+static int		long_normalize_overflow(long * tensptr,
+				int * unitsptr, int base);
 static int		normalize_overflow(int * tensptr, int * unitsptr,
 				int base);
+#ifdef NOTIFY_TZ
+static void		notify_check_tz(notify_tz_t *p);
+static void		notify_register_tz(char *file, notify_tz_t *p);
+#endif /* NOTIFY_TZ */
 static void		settzname(void);
-static time_t		time1(struct tm * tmp,
-				void(*funcp) (const time_t *,
-				long, struct tm *),
-				long offset);
 static time_t		time2(struct tm *tmp,
+#ifdef __LP64__
+				struct tm *(*funcp) (const time_t *,
+				long, struct tm*),
+#else /* !__LP64__ */
 				void(*funcp) (const time_t *,
 				long, struct tm*),
-				long offset, int * okayp);
+#endif /* __LP64__ */
+				long offset, int * okayp, int unix03);
+static time_t		time2sub(struct tm *tmp,
+#ifdef __LP64__
+				struct tm *(*funcp) (const time_t *,
+				long, struct tm*),
+#else /* !__LP64__ */
+				void(*funcp) (const time_t *,
+				long, struct tm*),
+#endif /* __LP64__ */
+				long offset, int * okayp, int do_norm_secs,
+				int unix03);
+#ifdef __LP64__
+static struct tm *	timesub(const time_t * timep, long offset,
+				const struct state * sp, struct tm * tmp);
+#else /* !__LP64__ */
 static void		timesub(const time_t * timep, long offset,
 				const struct state * sp, struct tm * tmp);
+#endif /* __LP64__ */
 static int		tmcomp(const struct tm * atmp,
 				const struct tm * btmp);
 static time_t		transtime(time_t janfirst, int year,
-				const struct rule * rulep, long offset);
-static int		tzload(const char * name, struct state * sp);
+				  const struct rule * rulep, long offset)
+  ATTRIBUTE_PURE;
+static int		typesequiv(const struct state * sp, int a, int b);
+#ifdef NOTIFY_TZ
+static int		tzload(const char * name, struct state * sp, char *path, int doextend);
+#else /* ! NOTIFY_TZ */
+static int		tzload(const char * name, struct state * sp, int doextend);
+#endif /* NOTIFY_TZ */
 static int		tzparse(const char * name, struct state * sp,
 				int lastditch);
 
@@ -174,14 +313,24 @@
 #endif /* !defined TZ_STRLEN_MAX */
 
 static char		lcl_TZname[TZ_STRLEN_MAX + 1];
+#ifdef NOTIFY_TZ
+#define lcl_is_set    (lcl_notify.is_set)
+#define gmt_is_set    (gmt_notify.is_set)
+#else /* ! NOTIFY_TZ */
 static int		lcl_is_set;
-static int		gmt_is_set;
-static pthread_mutex_t	lcl_mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
-static pthread_mutex_t	gmt_mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
+#endif /* NOTIFY_TZ */
+static pthread_once_t	gmt_once = PTHREAD_ONCE_INIT;
+__private_extern__ pthread_rwlock_t	lcl_rwlock = PTHREAD_RWLOCK_INITIALIZER;
+static pthread_once_t	gmtime_once = PTHREAD_ONCE_INIT;
+static pthread_key_t	gmtime_key;
+static int		gmtime_key_error;
+static pthread_once_t	localtime_once = PTHREAD_ONCE_INIT;
+static pthread_key_t	localtime_key;
+static int		localtime_key_error;
 
 char *			tzname[2] = {
-	wildabbr,
-	wildabbr
+	(char *)wildabbr,
+	(char *)wildabbr
 };
 
 /*
@@ -189,97 +338,335 @@
 **	Except for the strftime function, these functions [asctime,
 **	ctime, gmtime, localtime] return values in one of two static
 **	objects: a broken-down time structure and an array of char.
-** Thanks to Paul Eggert (eggert@twinsun.com) for noting this.
+** Thanks to Paul Eggert for noting this.
 */
 
 static struct tm	tm;
 
+#define USG_COMPAT
+#define ALTZONE
 #ifdef USG_COMPAT
-time_t			timezone = 0;
 int			daylight = 0;
+__private_extern__ void _st_set_timezone(long);
 #endif /* defined USG_COMPAT */
 
 #ifdef ALTZONE
-time_t			altzone = 0;
+__private_extern__ long		__darwin_altzone = 0;
+#define altzone __darwin_altzone
 #endif /* defined ALTZONE */
 
+#ifdef NOTIFY_TZ
+#ifdef NOTIFY_TZ_DEBUG
+#ifdef NOTIFY_TZ_DEBUG_FILE
+#define NOTIFY_TZ_PRINTF(fmt, args...)	\
+{ \
+	FILE *_notify_tz_fp_; \
+	if((_notify_tz_fp_ = fopen(NOTIFY_TZ_DEBUG_FILE, "a")) != NULL) { \
+		fprintf(_notify_tz_fp_, "%d: " fmt, getpid(), ## args); \
+		fclose(_notify_tz_fp_); \
+	} \
+}
+#else /* ! NOTIFY_TZ_DEBUG_FILE */
+#define NOTIFY_TZ_PRINTF(args...)	fprintf(stdout, ## args)
+#endif /* NOTIFY_TZ_DEBUG_FILE */
+#endif /* NOTIFY_TZ_DEBUG */
+#ifdef NOTIFY_TZ_LOG
+#define NOTIFY_LOG(fmt, args...)	\
+{ \
+	FILE *_notify_log_fp_; \
+	if((_notify_log_fp_ = fopen(NOTIFY_TZ_LOG, "a")) != NULL) { \
+		fprintf(_notify_log_fp_, "%d: " fmt, getpid(), ## args); \
+		fclose(_notify_log_fp_); \
+	} \
+}
+#endif /* NOTIFY_TZ_LOG */
+
+static notify_tz_t	gmt_notify = {-1, 0};
+static notify_tz_t	lcl_notify = {-1, 0};
+static const char notify_tz_name[] = NOTIFY_TZ_NAME;
+#endif /* NOTIFY_TZ */
+
 static long
-detzcode(codep)
-const char * const	codep;
+detzcode(const char *const codep)
 {
 	long	result;
 	int	i;
 
-	result = (codep[0] & 0x80) ? ~0L : 0L;
+	result = (codep[0] & 0x80) ? ~0L : 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i)
 		result = (result << 8) | (codep[i] & 0xff);
 	return result;
 }
 
+static time_t
+detzcode64(const char *const codep)
+{
+	register time_t	result;
+	register int	i;
+
+	result = (codep[0] & 0x80) ?  (~(int_fast64_t) 0) : 0;
+	for (i = 0; i < 8; ++i)
+		result = result * 256 + (codep[i] & 0xff);
+	return result;
+}
+
 static void
 settzname(void)
 {
 	struct state * 	sp = lclptr;
-	int			i;
-
-	tzname[0] = wildabbr;
-	tzname[1] = wildabbr;
+	int			i, need;
+	unsigned char * types;
+#define NEED_STD	1
+#define NEED_DST	2
+#define NEED_DAYLIGHT	4
+#define NEED_ALL	(NEED_STD | NEED_DST | NEED_DAYLIGHT)
+
+	tzname[0] = (char *)wildabbr;
+	tzname[1] = (char *)wildabbr;
 #ifdef USG_COMPAT
 	daylight = 0;
-	timezone = 0;
+	_st_set_timezone(0);
 #endif /* defined USG_COMPAT */
 #ifdef ALTZONE
 	altzone = 0;
 #endif /* defined ALTZONE */
 #ifdef ALL_STATE
 	if (sp == NULL) {
-		tzname[0] = tzname[1] = gmt;
+		tzname[0] = tzname[1] = (char *)gmt;
 		return;
 	}
 #endif /* defined ALL_STATE */
+	/*
+	 * PR-3765457: The original settzname went sequentially through the ttis
+	 * array, rather than correctly indexing via the types array, to get
+	 * the real order of the timezone changes.  In addition, as a speed up,
+	 * we start at the end of the changes, and work back, so that most of
+	 * the time, we don't have to look through the entire array.
+	 */
+	if (sp->timecnt == 0 && sp->typecnt == 1) {
+		/*
+		 * Unfortunately, there is an edge case when typecnt == 1 and
+		 * timecnt == 0, which would cause the loop to never run.  So
+		 * in that case, we fudge things up so that it is as if
+		 * timecnt == 1.
+		 */
+		i = 0;
+		types = (unsigned char *)""; /* we use the null as index */
+	} else {
+		/* the usual case */
+		i = sp->timecnt - 1;
+		types = sp->types;
+	}
+	need = NEED_ALL;
+	for (; i >= 0 && need; --i) {
+		const struct ttinfo * const	ttisp = &sp->ttis[types[i]];
+
+#ifdef USG_COMPAT
+		if ((need & NEED_DAYLIGHT) && ttisp->tt_isdst) {
+			need &= ~NEED_DAYLIGHT;
+			daylight = 1;
+		}
+#endif /* defined USG_COMPAT */
+		if (ttisp->tt_isdst) {
+			if (need & NEED_DST) {
+				need &= ~NEED_DST;
+				tzname[1] = &sp->chars[ttisp->tt_abbrind];
+#ifdef ALTZONE
+				altzone = -(ttisp->tt_gmtoff);
+#endif /* defined ALTZONE */
+			}
+		} else if (need & NEED_STD) {
+			need &= ~NEED_STD;
+			tzname[0] = &sp->chars[ttisp->tt_abbrind];
+#ifdef USG_COMPAT
+			_st_set_timezone(-(ttisp->tt_gmtoff));
+#endif /* defined USG_COMPAT */
+		}
+#if defined(ALTZONE) || defined(USG_COMPAT)
+		if (i == 0) {
+#endif /* defined(ALTZONE) || defined(USG_COMPAT) */
+#ifdef ALTZONE
+			if (need & NEED_DST)
+				altzone = -(ttisp->tt_gmtoff);
+#endif /* defined ALTZONE */
+#ifdef USG_COMPAT
+			if (need & NEED_STD)
+				_st_set_timezone(-(ttisp->tt_gmtoff));
+#endif /* defined USG_COMPAT */
+#if defined(ALTZONE) || defined(USG_COMPAT)
+		}
+#endif /* defined(ALTZONE) || defined(USG_COMPAT) */
+	}
+	/*
+	** Finally, scrub the abbreviations.
+	** First, replace bogus characters.
+	*/
+	for (i = 0; i < sp->charcnt; ++i)
+		if (strchr(TZ_ABBR_CHAR_SET, sp->chars[i]) == NULL)
+			sp->chars[i] = TZ_ABBR_ERR_CHAR;
+	/*
+	** Second, truncate long abbreviations.
+	*/
 	for (i = 0; i < sp->typecnt; ++i) {
-		const struct ttinfo * const	ttisp = &sp->ttis[i];
-
-		tzname[ttisp->tt_isdst] =
-			&sp->chars[ttisp->tt_abbrind];
-#ifdef USG_COMPAT
-		if (ttisp->tt_isdst)
-			daylight = 1;
-		if (i == 0 || !ttisp->tt_isdst)
-			timezone = -(ttisp->tt_gmtoff);
-#endif /* defined USG_COMPAT */
-#ifdef ALTZONE
-		if (i == 0 || ttisp->tt_isdst)
-			altzone = -(ttisp->tt_gmtoff);
-#endif /* defined ALTZONE */
-	}
-	/*
-	** And to get the latest zone names into tzname. . .
-	*/
-	for (i = 0; i < sp->timecnt; ++i) {
-		const struct ttinfo * const	ttisp =
-							&sp->ttis[
-								sp->types[i]];
-
-		tzname[ttisp->tt_isdst] =
-			&sp->chars[ttisp->tt_abbrind];
-	}
-}
+		register const struct ttinfo * const	ttisp = &sp->ttis[i];
+		register char *				cp = &sp->chars[ttisp->tt_abbrind];
+
+		if (strlen(cp) > TZ_ABBR_MAX_LEN &&
+			strcmp(cp, GRANDPARENTED) != 0)
+				*(cp + TZ_ABBR_MAX_LEN) = '\0';
+	}
+}
+
+#ifdef NOTIFY_TZ
+static void
+notify_check_tz(notify_tz_t *p)
+{
+	unsigned int nstat;
+	int ncheck;
+
+	if (p->token < 0)
+		return;
+	nstat = notify_check(p->token, &ncheck);
+	if (nstat || ncheck) {
+		p->is_set = 0;
+#ifdef NOTIFY_TZ_DEBUG
+		NOTIFY_TZ_PRINTF("notify_check_tz: %s changed\n", (p == &lcl_notify) ? "lcl" : "gmt");
+#endif /* NOTIFY_TZ_DEBUG */
+	}
+#ifdef NOTIFY_TZ_DEBUG
+		NOTIFY_TZ_PRINTF("notify_check_tz: %s unchanged\n", (p == &lcl_notify) ? "lcl" : "gmt");
+#endif /* NOTIFY_TZ_DEBUG */
+}
+
+extern uint32_t notify_monitor_file(int token, char *path, int flags);
+
+static void
+notify_register_tz(char *file, notify_tz_t *p)
+{
+	char *name;
+	unsigned int nstat;
+	int ncheck;
+
+	if (bootstrap_port == MACH_PORT_NULL) {
+		/* error handling below resets is_set, we don't want that */
+		return;
+	}
+
+	/*----------------------------------------------------------------
+	 * Since we don't record the last time zone filename, just cancel
+	 * (which should remove the file monitor) and setup from scratch
+	 *----------------------------------------------------------------*/
+	if (p->token >= 0)
+		notify_cancel(p->token);
+	if (!file || *file == 0) {
+		/* no time zone file to monitor */
+		p->token = -1;
+		return;
+	}
+	/*----------------------------------------------------------------
+	 * Just use com.apple.system.timezone if the path is /etc/localtime.
+	 * Otherwise use com.apple.system.timezone.<fullpath>
+	 *----------------------------------------------------------------*/
+	if (TZDEFAULT && strcmp(file, TZDEFAULT) == 0)
+		name = (char *)notify_tz_name;
+	else {
+		name = alloca(sizeof(notify_tz_name) + strlen(file) + 1);
+		if (name == NULL) {
+			p->token = -1;
+			return;
+		}
+		strcpy(name, notify_tz_name);
+		strcat(name, ".");
+		strcat(name, file);
+	}
+#ifdef NOTIFY_TZ_DEBUG
+	NOTIFY_TZ_PRINTF("notify_register_tz: file=%s name=%s\n", file, name);
+#endif /* NOTIFY_TZ_DEBUG */
+	nstat = notify_register_check(name, &p->token);
+	if (nstat != 0) {
+		p->token = -1;
+		p->is_set = 0;
+#ifdef NOTIFY_TZ_DEBUG
+		NOTIFY_TZ_PRINTF("***notify_register_tz: notify_register_check failed: %u\n", nstat);
+#endif /* NOTIFY_TZ_DEBUG */
+#ifdef NOTIFY_TZ_LOG
+		NOTIFY_LOG("notify_register_check(%s) failed: %u\n", name, nstat);
+#endif /* NOTIFY_TZ_LOG */
+		return;
+	}
+	/* don't need to request monitoring /etc/localtime */
+	if (name != notify_tz_name) {
+#ifdef NOTIFY_TZ_DEBUG
+		NOTIFY_TZ_PRINTF("notify_register_tz: monitor %s\n", file);
+#endif /* NOTIFY_TZ_DEBUG */
+		nstat = notify_monitor_file(p->token, file, 0);
+		if (nstat != 0) {
+			notify_cancel(p->token);
+			p->token = -1;
+			p->is_set = 0;
+#ifdef NOTIFY_TZ_DEBUG
+			NOTIFY_TZ_PRINTF("***notify_register_tz: notify_monitor_file failed: %u\n", nstat);
+#endif /* NOTIFY_TZ_DEBUG */
+#ifdef NOTIFY_TZ_LOG
+			NOTIFY_LOG("notify_monitor_file(%s) failed: %u\n", file, nstat);
+#endif /* NOTIFY_TZ_LOG */
+			return;
+		}
+	}
+	notify_check(p->token, &ncheck);	/* this always returns true */
+}
+#endif /* NOTIFY_TZ */
 
 static int
-tzload(name, sp)
-const char *		name;
-struct state * const	sp;
+differ_by_repeat(const time_t t1, const time_t t0)
+{
+	int_fast64_t _t0 = t0;
+	int_fast64_t _t1 = t1;
+
+	if (TYPE_INTEGRAL(time_t) &&
+		TYPE_BIT(time_t) - TYPE_SIGNED(time_t) < SECSPERREPEAT_BITS)
+			return 0;
+	//turn ((int_fast64_t)(t1 - t0) == SECSPERREPEAT);
+	return _t1 - _t0 == SECSPERREPEAT;
+}
+
+static int
+#ifdef NOTIFY_TZ
+tzload(const char *name, struct state * const sp, char *path,
+    register const int doextend)
+#else /* ! NOTIFY_TZ */
+tzload(const char *name, struct state * const sp, register const int doextend)
+#endif /* NOTIFY_TZ */
 {
 	const char *	p;
 	int		i;
 	int		fid;
-
+	int		stored;
+	int		nread;
+	int		res;
+	union {
+		struct tzhead	tzhead;
+		char		buf[2 * sizeof(struct tzhead) +
+					2 * sizeof *sp +
+					4 * TZ_MAX_TIMES];
+	} *u;
+
+	u = NULL;
+	res = -1;
+	sp->goback = sp->goahead = FALSE;
+
+#ifdef NOTIFY_TZ_DEBUG
+	NOTIFY_TZ_PRINTF("tzload: name=%s\n", name);
+#endif /* NOTIFY_TZ_DEBUG */
 	/* XXX The following is from OpenBSD, and I'm not sure it is correct */
 	if (name != NULL && issetugid() != 0)
 		if ((name[0] == ':' && name[1] == '/') || 
 		    name[0] == '/' || strchr(name, '.'))
 			name = NULL;
+#ifdef NOTIFY_TZ
+	if (path)
+		*path = 0; /* default to empty string on error */
+#endif /* NOTIFY_TZ */
 	if (name == NULL && (name = TZDEFAULT) == NULL)
 		return -1;
 	{
@@ -292,16 +679,24 @@
 		** to hold the longest file name string that the implementation
 		** guarantees can be opened."
 		*/
-		char		fullname[FILENAME_MAX + 1];
+		char		*fullname;
+
+		fullname = malloc(FILENAME_MAX + 1);
+		if (fullname == NULL)
+			goto out;
 
 		if (name[0] == ':')
 			++name;
 		doaccess = name[0] == '/';
 		if (!doaccess) {
-			if ((p = TZDIR) == NULL)
+			if ((p = TZDIR) == NULL) {
+				free(fullname);
 				return -1;
-			if ((strlen(p) + 1 + strlen(name) + 1) >= sizeof fullname)
+			}
+			if (strlen(p) + 1 + strlen(name) >= FILENAME_MAX) {
+				free(fullname);
 				return -1;
+			}
 			(void) strcpy(fullname, p);
 			(void) strcat(fullname, "/");
 			(void) strcat(fullname, name);
@@ -312,61 +707,73 @@
 				doaccess = TRUE;
 			name = fullname;
 		}
-		if (doaccess && access(name, R_OK) != 0)
+#ifdef NOTIFY_TZ
+		if (path) {
+			if (strlen(name) > FILENAME_MAX)
+				return -1;
+			strcpy(path, name);
+		}
+#endif /* NOTIFY_TZ */
+		if (doaccess && access(name, R_OK) != 0) {
+			free(fullname);
 		     	return -1;
-		if ((fid = _open(name, OPEN_MODE)) == -1)
+		}
+		if ((fid = _open(name, OPEN_MODE)) == -1) {
+			free(fullname);
 			return -1;
+		}
 		if ((_fstat(fid, &stab) < 0) || !S_ISREG(stab.st_mode)) {
+			free(fullname);
 			_close(fid);
 			return -1;
 		}
-	}
-	{
-		struct tzhead *	tzhp;
-		char		buf[sizeof *sp + sizeof *tzhp];
+		free(fullname);
+	}
+	u = malloc(sizeof(*u));
+	if (u == NULL)
+		goto out;
+#ifdef NOTIFY_TZ_DEBUG
+	NOTIFY_TZ_PRINTF("tzload: reading %s\n", name);
+#endif /* NOTIFY_TZ_DEBUG */
+	nread = _read(fid, u->buf, sizeof u->buf);
+	if (_close(fid) < 0 || nread <= 0)
+		goto out;
+	for (stored = 4; stored <= 8; stored *= 2) {
 		int		ttisstdcnt;
 		int		ttisgmtcnt;
 
-		i = _read(fid, buf, sizeof buf);
-		if (_close(fid) != 0)
-			return -1;
-		p = buf;
-		p += (sizeof tzhp->tzh_magic) + (sizeof tzhp->tzh_reserved);
-		ttisstdcnt = (int) detzcode(p);
-		p += 4;
-		ttisgmtcnt = (int) detzcode(p);
-		p += 4;
-		sp->leapcnt = (int) detzcode(p);
-		p += 4;
-		sp->timecnt = (int) detzcode(p);
-		p += 4;
-		sp->typecnt = (int) detzcode(p);
-		p += 4;
-		sp->charcnt = (int) detzcode(p);
-		p += 4;
+		ttisstdcnt = (int) detzcode(u->tzhead.tzh_ttisstdcnt);
+		ttisgmtcnt = (int) detzcode(u->tzhead.tzh_ttisgmtcnt);
+		sp->leapcnt = (int) detzcode(u->tzhead.tzh_leapcnt);
+		sp->timecnt = (int) detzcode(u->tzhead.tzh_timecnt);
+		sp->typecnt = (int) detzcode(u->tzhead.tzh_typecnt);
+		sp->charcnt = (int) detzcode(u->tzhead.tzh_charcnt);
+		p = u->tzhead.tzh_charcnt + sizeof u->tzhead.tzh_charcnt;
 		if (sp->leapcnt < 0 || sp->leapcnt > TZ_MAX_LEAPS ||
 			sp->typecnt <= 0 || sp->typecnt > TZ_MAX_TYPES ||
 			sp->timecnt < 0 || sp->timecnt > TZ_MAX_TIMES ||
 			sp->charcnt < 0 || sp->charcnt > TZ_MAX_CHARS ||
 			(ttisstdcnt != sp->typecnt && ttisstdcnt != 0) ||
 			(ttisgmtcnt != sp->typecnt && ttisgmtcnt != 0))
-				return -1;
-		if (i - (p - buf) < sp->timecnt * 4 +	/* ats */
+				goto out;
+		if (nread - (p - u->buf) <
+			sp->timecnt * stored +		/* ats */
 			sp->timecnt +			/* types */
-			sp->typecnt * (4 + 2) +		/* ttinfos */
+			sp->typecnt * 6 +		/* ttinfos */
 			sp->charcnt +			/* chars */
-			sp->leapcnt * (4 + 4) +		/* lsinfos */
+			sp->leapcnt * (stored + 4) +	/* lsinfos */
 			ttisstdcnt +			/* ttisstds */
 			ttisgmtcnt)			/* ttisgmts */
-				return -1;
+				goto out;
 		for (i = 0; i < sp->timecnt; ++i) {
-			sp->ats[i] = detzcode(p);
-			p += 4;
+			sp->ats[i] = (stored == 4) ?
+				detzcode(p) : detzcode64(p);
+			p += stored;
 		}
 		for (i = 0; i < sp->timecnt; ++i) {
 			sp->types[i] = (unsigned char) *p++;
 			if (sp->types[i] >= sp->typecnt)
-				return -1;
+				goto out;
 		}
 		for (i = 0; i < sp->typecnt; ++i) {
 			struct ttinfo *	ttisp;
@@ -376,11 +783,11 @@
 			p += 4;
 			ttisp->tt_isdst = (unsigned char) *p++;
 			if (ttisp->tt_isdst != 0 && ttisp->tt_isdst != 1)
-				return -1;
+				goto out;
 			ttisp->tt_abbrind = (unsigned char) *p++;
 			if (ttisp->tt_abbrind < 0 ||
 				ttisp->tt_abbrind > sp->charcnt)
-					return -1;
+					goto out;
 		}
 		for (i = 0; i < sp->charcnt; ++i)
 			sp->chars[i] = *p++;
@@ -389,8 +796,9 @@
 			struct lsinfo *	lsisp;
 
 			lsisp = &sp->lsis[i];
-			lsisp->ls_trans = detzcode(p);
-			p += 4;
+			lsisp->ls_trans = (stored == 4) ?
+				detzcode(p) : detzcode64(p);
+			p += stored;
 			lsisp->ls_corr = detzcode(p);
 			p += 4;
 		}
@@ -404,7 +812,7 @@
 				ttisp->tt_ttisstd = *p++;
 				if (ttisp->tt_ttisstd != TRUE &&
 					ttisp->tt_ttisstd != FALSE)
-						return -1;
+						goto out;
 			}
 		}
 		for (i = 0; i < sp->typecnt; ++i) {
@@ -417,11 +825,131 @@
 				ttisp->tt_ttisgmt = *p++;
 				if (ttisp->tt_ttisgmt != TRUE &&
 					ttisp->tt_ttisgmt != FALSE)
-						return -1;
+						goto out;
 			}
 		}
-	}
-	return 0;
+		/*
+		** Out-of-sort ats should mean we're running on a
+		** signed time_t system but using a data file with
+		** unsigned values (or vice versa).
+		*/
+		for (i = 0; i < sp->timecnt - 2; ++i)
+			if (sp->ats[i] > sp->ats[i + 1]) {
+				++i;
+				if (TYPE_SIGNED(time_t)) {
+					/*
+					** Ignore the end (easy).
+					*/
+					sp->timecnt = i;
+				} else {
+					/*
+					** Ignore the beginning (harder).
+					*/
+					register int	j;
+
+					for (j = 0; j + i < sp->timecnt; ++j) {
+						sp->ats[j] = sp->ats[j + i];
+						sp->types[j] = sp->types[j + i];
+					}
+					sp->timecnt = j;
+				}
+				break;
+			}
+		/*
+		** If this is an old file, we're done.
+		*/
+		if (u->tzhead.tzh_version[0] == '\0')
+			break;
+		nread -= p - u->buf;
+		for (i = 0; i < nread; ++i)
+			u->buf[i] = p[i];
+		/*
+		** If this is a narrow integer time_t system, we're done.
+		*/
+		if (stored >= (int) sizeof(time_t) && TYPE_INTEGRAL(time_t))
+			break;
+	}
+	if (doextend && nread > 2 &&
+		u->buf[0] == '\n' && u->buf[nread - 1] == '\n' &&
+		sp->typecnt + 2 <= TZ_MAX_TYPES) {
+			struct state	*ts;
+			register int	result;
+
+			ts = malloc(sizeof(*ts));
+			if (ts == NULL)
+				goto out;
+			u->buf[nread - 1] = '\0';
+			result = tzparse(&u->buf[1], ts, FALSE);
+			if (result == 0 && ts->typecnt == 2 &&
+				sp->charcnt + ts->charcnt <= TZ_MAX_CHARS) {
+					for (i = 0; i < 2; ++i)
+						ts->ttis[i].tt_abbrind +=
+							sp->charcnt;
+					for (i = 0; i < ts->charcnt; ++i)
+						sp->chars[sp->charcnt++] =
+							ts->chars[i];
+					i = 0;
+					while (i < ts->timecnt &&
+						ts->ats[i] <=
+						sp->ats[sp->timecnt - 1])
+							++i;
+					while (i < ts->timecnt &&
+					    sp->timecnt < TZ_MAX_TIMES) {
+						sp->ats[sp->timecnt] =
+							ts->ats[i];
+						sp->types[sp->timecnt] =
+							sp->typecnt +
+							ts->types[i];
+						++sp->timecnt;
+						++i;
+					}
+					sp->ttis[sp->typecnt++] = ts->ttis[0];
+					sp->ttis[sp->typecnt++] = ts->ttis[1];
+			}
+			free(ts);
+	}
+	if (sp->timecnt > 1) {
+		for (i = 1; i < sp->timecnt; ++i)
+			if (typesequiv(sp, sp->types[i], sp->types[0]) &&
+				differ_by_repeat(sp->ats[i], sp->ats[0])) {
+					sp->goback = TRUE;
+					break;
+				}
+		for (i = sp->timecnt - 2; i >= 0; --i)
+			if (typesequiv(sp, sp->types[sp->timecnt - 1],
+				sp->types[i]) &&
+				differ_by_repeat(sp->ats[sp->timecnt - 1],
+				sp->ats[i])) {
+					sp->goahead = TRUE;
+					break;
+		}
+	}
+	res = 0;
+out:
+	free(u);
+	return (res);
+}
+
+static int
+typesequiv(const struct state * const sp, const int a, const int b)
+{
+	register int	result;
+
+	if (sp == NULL ||
+		a < 0 || a >= sp->typecnt ||
+		b < 0 || b >= sp->typecnt)
+			result = FALSE;
+	else {
+		register const struct ttinfo *	ap = &sp->ttis[a];
+		register const struct ttinfo *	bp = &sp->ttis[b];
+		result = ap->tt_gmtoff == bp->tt_gmtoff &&
+			ap->tt_isdst == bp->tt_isdst &&
+			ap->tt_ttisstd == bp->tt_ttisstd &&
+			ap->tt_ttisgmt == bp->tt_ttisgmt &&
+			strcmp(&sp->chars[ap->tt_abbrind],
+			&sp->chars[bp->tt_abbrind]) == 0;
+	}
+	return result;
 }
 
 static const int	mon_lengths[2][MONSPERYEAR] = {
@@ -435,19 +963,45 @@
 
 /*
 ** Given a pointer into a time zone string, scan until a character that is not
-** a valid character in a zone name is found.  Return a pointer to that
+** a valid character in a zone name is found. Return a pointer to that
 ** character.
 */
 
 static const char *
-getzname(strp)
-const char *	strp;
+getzname(const char *strp, char **name, size_t *len)
 {
 	char	c;
-
+	char *	ket;
+
+	if (*strp == '<' && (ket = strchr(strp, '>')) != NULL) {
+		*name = (char *)(strp + 1);
+		*len = ket - strp - 1;
+		return ket + 1;
+	}
+	*name = (char *)strp;
 	while ((c = *strp) != '\0' && !is_digit(c) && c != ',' && c != '-' &&
 		c != '+')
 			++strp;
+	*len = strp - *name;
+	return strp;
+}
+
+/*
+** Given a pointer into an extended time zone string, scan until the ending
+** delimiter of the zone name is located. Return a pointer to the delimiter.
+**
+** As with getzname above, the legal character set is actually quite
+** restricted, with other characters producing undefined results.
+** We don't do any checking here; checking is done later in common-case code.
+*/
+
+static const char *
+getqzname(register const char *strp, const int delim)
+{
+	register int	c;
+
+	while ((c = *strp) != '\0' && c != delim)
+		++strp;
 	return strp;
 }
 
@@ -459,11 +1013,7 @@
 */
 
 static const char *
-getnum(strp, nump, min, max)
-const char *	strp;
-int * const		nump;
-const int		min;
-const int		max;
+getnum(const char *strp, int * const nump, const int min, const int max)
 {
 	char	c;
 	int	num;
@@ -492,9 +1042,7 @@
 */
 
 static const char *
-getsecs(strp, secsp)
-const char *	strp;
-long * const		secsp;
+getsecs(const char *strp, long * const secsp)
 {
 	int	num;
 
@@ -516,7 +1064,7 @@
 		*secsp += num * SECSPERMIN;
 		if (*strp == ':') {
 			++strp;
-			/* `SECSPERMIN' allows for leap seconds.  */
+			/* `SECSPERMIN' allows for leap seconds. */
 			strp = getnum(strp, &num, 0, SECSPERMIN);
 			if (strp == NULL)
 				return NULL;
@@ -534,9 +1082,7 @@
 */
 
 static const char *
-getoffset(strp, offsetp)
-const char *	strp;
-long * const		offsetp;
+getoffset(const char *strp, long * const offsetp)
 {
 	int	neg = 0;
 
@@ -555,15 +1101,13 @@
 
 /*
 ** Given a pointer into a time zone string, extract a rule in the form
-** date[/time].  See POSIX section 8 for the format of "date" and "time".
+** date[/time]. See POSIX section 8 for the format of "date" and "time".
 ** If a valid rule is not found, return NULL.
 ** Otherwise, return a pointer to the first character not part of the rule.
 */
 
 static const char *
-getrule(strp, rulep)
-const char *			strp;
-struct rule * const	rulep;
+getrule(const char *strp, struct rule * const rulep)
 {
 	if (*strp == 'J') {
 		/*
@@ -609,17 +1153,14 @@
 }
 
 /*
-** Given the Epoch-relative time of January 1, 00:00:00 GMT, in a year, the
-** year, a rule, and the offset from GMT at the time that rule takes effect,
+** Given the Epoch-relative time of January 1, 00:00:00 UTC, in a year, the
+** year, a rule, and the offset from UTC at the time that rule takes effect,
 ** calculate the Epoch-relative time that rule takes effect.
 */
 
 static time_t
-transtime(janfirst, year, rulep, offset)
-const time_t				janfirst;
-const int				year;
-const struct rule * const	rulep;
-const long				offset;
+transtime(const time_t janfirst, const int year,
+    const struct rule * const rulep, const long offset)
 {
 	int	leapyear;
 	time_t	value;
@@ -674,7 +1215,7 @@
 			dow += DAYSPERWEEK;
 
 		/*
-		** "dow" is the day-of-week of the first day of the month.  Get
+		** "dow" is the day-of-week of the first day of the month. Get
 		** the day-of-month (zero-origin) of the first "dow" day of the
 		** month.
 		*/
@@ -696,10 +1237,10 @@
 	}
 
 	/*
-	** "value" is the Epoch-relative time of 00:00:00 GMT on the day in
-	** question.  To get the Epoch-relative time of the specified local
+	** "value" is the Epoch-relative time of 00:00:00 UTC on the day in
+	** question. To get the Epoch-relative time of the specified local
 	** time on that day, add the transition time and the current offset
-	** from GMT.
+	** from UTC.
 	*/
 	return value + rulep->r_time + offset;
 }
@@ -710,10 +1251,7 @@
 */
 
 static int
-tzparse(name, sp, lastditch)
-const char *			name;
-struct state * const	sp;
-const int			lastditch;
+tzparse(const char *name, struct state * const sp, const int lastditch)
 {
 	const char *			stdname;
 	const char *			dstname;
@@ -727,18 +1265,15 @@
 	int			load_result;
 
 	INITIALIZE(dstname);
-	stdname = name;
 	if (lastditch) {
+		stdname = name;
 		stdlen = strlen(name);	/* length of standard zone name */
 		name += stdlen;
 		if (stdlen >= sizeof sp->chars)
 			stdlen = (sizeof sp->chars) - 1;
 		stdoffset = 0;
 	} else {
-		name = getzname(name);
-		stdlen = name - stdname;
-		if (stdlen < 3)
-			return -1;
+		name = getzname(name, (char **)&stdname, &stdlen);
 		if (*name == '\0')
 			return -1;	/* was "stdoffset = 0;" */
 		else {
@@ -747,20 +1282,32 @@
 				return -1;
 		}
 	}
-	load_result = tzload(TZDEFRULES, sp);
+#ifdef NOTIFY_TZ
+	load_result = tzload(TZDEFRULES, sp, NULL, FALSE);
+#else /* !NOTIFY_TZ */
+	load_result = tzload(TZDEFRULES, sp, FALSE);
+#endif /* NOTIFY_TZ */
 	if (load_result != 0)
 		sp->leapcnt = 0;		/* so, we're off a little */
 	if (*name != '\0') {
-		dstname = name;
-		name = getzname(name);
-		dstlen = name - dstname;	/* length of DST zone name */
-		if (dstlen < 3)
-			return -1;
+		if (*name == '<') {
+			dstname = ++name;
+			name = getqzname(name, '>');
+			if (*name != '>')
+				return -1;
+			dstlen = name - dstname;
+			name++;
+		} else {
+			dstname = name;
+			name = getzname(name, (char **)&dstname, &dstlen);
+		}
 		if (*name != '\0' && *name != ',' && *name != ';') {
 			name = getoffset(name, &dstoffset);
 			if (name == NULL)
 				return -1;
 		} else	dstoffset = stdoffset - SECSPERHOUR;
+		if (*name == '\0' && load_result != 0)
+			name = TZDEFRULESTRING;
 		if (*name == ',' || *name == ';') {
 			struct rule	start;
 			struct rule	end;
@@ -780,11 +1327,8 @@
 				return -1;
 			sp->typecnt = 2;	/* standard time and DST */
 			/*
-			** Two transitions per year, from EPOCH_YEAR to 2037.
+			** Two transitions per year, from EPOCH_YEAR forward.
 			*/
-			sp->timecnt = 2 * (2037 - EPOCH_YEAR + 1);
-			if (sp->timecnt > TZ_MAX_TIMES)
-				return -1;
 			sp->ttis[0].tt_gmtoff = -dstoffset;
 			sp->ttis[0].tt_isdst = 1;
 			sp->ttis[0].tt_abbrind = stdlen + 1;
@@ -794,7 +1338,12 @@
 			atp = sp->ats;
 			typep = sp->types;
 			janfirst = 0;
-			for (year = EPOCH_YEAR; year <= 2037; ++year) {
+			sp->timecnt = 0;
+			for (year = EPOCH_YEAR;
+			    sp->timecnt + 2 <= TZ_MAX_TIMES;
+			    ++year) {
+			    	time_t	newfirst;
+
 				starttime = transtime(janfirst, year, &start,
 					stdoffset);
 				endtime = transtime(janfirst, year, &end,
@@ -810,8 +1359,13 @@
 					*atp++ = endtime;
 					*typep++ = 1;	/* DST ends */
 				}
-				janfirst += year_lengths[isleap(year)] *
+				sp->timecnt += 2;
+				newfirst = janfirst;
+				newfirst += year_lengths[isleap(year)] *
 					SECSPERDAY;
+				if (newfirst <= janfirst)
+					break;
+				janfirst = newfirst;
 			}
 		} else {
 			long	theirstdoffset;
@@ -822,8 +1376,6 @@
 			int	j;
 
 			if (*name != '\0')
-				return -1;
-			if (load_result != 0)
 				return -1;
 			/*
 			** Initial values of theirstdoffset and theirdstoffset.
@@ -898,6 +1450,7 @@
 			sp->ttis[1].tt_gmtoff = -dstoffset;
 			sp->ttis[1].tt_isdst = TRUE;
 			sp->ttis[1].tt_abbrind = stdlen + 1;
+			sp->typecnt = 2;
 		}
 	} else {
 		dstlen = 0;
@@ -910,7 +1463,7 @@
 	sp->charcnt = stdlen + 1;
 	if (dstlen != 0)
 		sp->charcnt += dstlen + 1;
-	if (sp->charcnt > sizeof sp->chars)
+	if ((size_t) sp->charcnt > sizeof sp->chars)
 		return -1;
 	cp = sp->chars;
 	(void) strncpy(cp, stdname, stdlen);
@@ -924,64 +1477,169 @@
 }
 
 static void
-gmtload(sp)
-struct state * const	sp;
-{
-	if (tzload(gmt, sp) != 0)
+#ifdef NOTIFY_TZ
+gmtload(struct state * const sp, char *path)
+#else /* ! NOTIFY_TZ */
+gmtload(struct state * const sp)
+#endif /* NOTIFY_TZ */
+{
+#ifdef NOTIFY_TZ
+	if (tzload(gmt, sp, path, TRUE) != 0)
+#else /* ! NOTIFY_TZ */
+	if (tzload(gmt, sp, TRUE) != 0)
+#endif /* NOTIFY_TZ */
 		(void) tzparse(gmt, sp, TRUE);
 }
 
+/**
+ * In NULL_BOOTSTRAP environments, we can't use notifyd to learn about the changes in timezone.
+ * Instead, we look at the modified time of the TZDEFAULT symlink.
+ * As a performance optimization, we only reload the timezone data if the modified time is newer than the
+ * last time we loaded the timezone file.
+ *
+ * If the tzload fails, we need to reset the saved timestamp to force the timezone file to be reloaded next time
+ * we try to use it. This is a special case that occurs at first boot for launchd (and other early boot-tasks)
+ * rdar://60592414
+ */
+static struct timespec last_default_tzload_mtimespec = {0, 0};
 static void
-tzsetwall_basic(void)
-{
-	if (lcl_is_set < 0)
+tzsetwall_check_default_file_timestamp(void)
+{
+	if (!TZDEFAULT) {
 		return;
+	}
+
+	struct stat statbuf;
+
+	if (lstat(TZDEFAULT, &statbuf) == 0) {
+		if (statbuf.st_mtimespec.tv_sec > last_default_tzload_mtimespec.tv_sec ||
+			(statbuf.st_mtimespec.tv_sec == last_default_tzload_mtimespec.tv_sec &&
+			statbuf.st_mtimespec.tv_nsec > last_default_tzload_mtimespec.tv_nsec)) {
+			/* Trigger resetting the local TZ */
+			lcl_is_set = 0;
+		}
+		last_default_tzload_mtimespec = statbuf.st_mtimespec;
+	}
+}
+
+static void
+tzsetwall_basic(int rdlocked)
+{
+#ifdef NOTIFY_TZ
+	if (bootstrap_port != MACH_PORT_NULL) {
+		notify_check_tz(&lcl_notify);
+	} else {
+		tzsetwall_check_default_file_timestamp();
+	}
+#else
+	tzsetwall_check_default_file_timestamp();
+#endif /* NOTIFY_TZ */
+
+	if (!rdlocked)
+		_RWLOCK_RDLOCK(&lcl_rwlock);
+	if (lcl_is_set < 0) {
+#ifdef NOTIFY_TZ_DEBUG
+		NOTIFY_TZ_PRINTF("tzsetwall_basic lcl_is_set < 0\n");
+#endif
+		if (!rdlocked)
+			_RWLOCK_UNLOCK(&lcl_rwlock);
+		return;
+	}
+#ifdef NOTIFY_TZ_DEBUG
+	NOTIFY_TZ_PRINTF("tzsetwall_basic not set\n");
+#endif
+	_RWLOCK_UNLOCK(&lcl_rwlock);
+
+	_RWLOCK_WRLOCK(&lcl_rwlock);
 	lcl_is_set = -1;
 
 #ifdef ALL_STATE
 	if (lclptr == NULL) {
-		lclptr = (struct state *) malloc(sizeof *lclptr);
+		lclptr = calloc(1, sizeof *lclptr);
 		if (lclptr == NULL) {
 			settzname();	/* all we can do */
+			_RWLOCK_UNLOCK(&lcl_rwlock);
+			if (rdlocked)
+				_RWLOCK_RDLOCK(&lcl_rwlock);
 			return;
 		}
 	}
 #endif /* defined ALL_STATE */
-	if (tzload((char *) NULL, lclptr) != 0)
+#ifdef NOTIFY_TZ
+	{
+		char		fullname[FILENAME_MAX + 1];
+		if (tzload((char *) NULL, lclptr, fullname, TRUE) != 0) {
+			// The load failed, so we need to reset the cached modified time
+			// of the timezone file
+			last_default_tzload_mtimespec = (const struct timespec){0};
+
+			/*
+			 * If fullname is empty (an error occurred) then
+			 * default to the UTC path
+			 */
+			gmtload(lclptr, *fullname ? NULL : fullname);
+		}
+		notify_register_tz(fullname, &lcl_notify);
+	}
+#else /* ! NOTIFY_TZ */
+	if (tzload((char *) NULL, lclptr, TRUE) != 0)
 		gmtload(lclptr);
+#endif /* NOTIFY_TZ */
 	settzname();
+	_RWLOCK_UNLOCK(&lcl_rwlock);
+
+	if (rdlocked)
+		_RWLOCK_RDLOCK(&lcl_rwlock);
 }
 
 void
 tzsetwall(void)
 {
-	_MUTEX_LOCK(&lcl_mutex);
-	tzsetwall_basic();
-	_MUTEX_UNLOCK(&lcl_mutex);
-}
-
-static void
-tzset_basic(void)
+#ifdef NOTIFY_TZ_DEBUG
+	NOTIFY_TZ_PRINTF("tzsetwall called\n");
+#endif /* NOTIFY_TZ_DEBUG */
+	tzsetwall_basic(0);
+}
+
+__private_extern__ void
+tzset_basic(int rdlocked)
 {
 	const char *	name;
 
 	name = getenv("TZ");
 	if (name == NULL) {
-		tzsetwall_basic();
+		tzsetwall_basic(rdlocked);
 		return;
 	}
 
-	if (lcl_is_set > 0  &&  strcmp(lcl_TZname, name) == 0)
+#ifdef NOTIFY_TZ
+	notify_check_tz(&lcl_notify);
+#endif /* NOTIFY_TZ */
+	if (!rdlocked)
+		_RWLOCK_RDLOCK(&lcl_rwlock);
+	if (lcl_is_set > 0 && strcmp(lcl_TZname, name) == 0) {
+		if (!rdlocked)
+			_RWLOCK_UNLOCK(&lcl_rwlock);
+#ifdef NOTIFY_TZ_DEBUG
+		NOTIFY_TZ_PRINTF("tzset_basic matched %s\n", lcl_TZname);
+#endif
 		return;
-	lcl_is_set = (strlen(name) < sizeof(lcl_TZname));
+	}
+	_RWLOCK_UNLOCK(&lcl_rwlock);
+
+	_RWLOCK_WRLOCK(&lcl_rwlock);
+	lcl_is_set = strlen(name) < sizeof lcl_TZname;
 	if (lcl_is_set)
 		(void) strcpy(lcl_TZname, name);
 
 #ifdef ALL_STATE
 	if (lclptr == NULL) {
-		lclptr = (struct state *) malloc(sizeof *lclptr);
+		lclptr = (struct state *) calloc(1, sizeof *lclptr);
 		if (lclptr == NULL) {
 			settzname();	/* all we can do */
+			_RWLOCK_UNLOCK(&lcl_rwlock);
+			if (rdlocked)
+				_RWLOCK_RDLOCK(&lcl_rwlock);
 			return;
 		}
 	}
@@ -992,51 +1650,152 @@
 		*/
 		lclptr->leapcnt = 0;		/* so, we're off a little */
 		lclptr->timecnt = 0;
+		lclptr->typecnt = 0;
+		lclptr->ttis[0].tt_isdst = 0;
 		lclptr->ttis[0].tt_gmtoff = 0;
 		lclptr->ttis[0].tt_abbrind = 0;
 		(void) strcpy(lclptr->chars, gmt);
-	} else if (tzload(name, lclptr) != 0)
+#ifdef NOTIFY_TZ
+		notify_register_tz(NULL, &lcl_notify);
+#endif /* NOTIFY_TZ */
+	} else
+#ifdef NOTIFY_TZ
+	{
+		char		fullname[FILENAME_MAX + 1];
+		/*
+		 * parsedOK indicates whether tzparse() was called and
+		 * succeeded.  This means that TZ is a time conversion
+		 * specification, so we don't need to register for
+		 * notifications.
+		 */
+		int		parsedOK = FALSE;
+		if (tzload(name, lclptr, fullname, TRUE) != 0) {
+			if (name[0] == ':' || !(parsedOK = tzparse(name, lclptr, FALSE) == 0)) {
+				/*
+				 * If fullname is empty (an error occurred) then
+				 * default to the UTC path
+				 */
+				(void) gmtload(lclptr, *fullname ? NULL : fullname);
+			}
+		}
+		notify_register_tz(parsedOK ? NULL : fullname, &lcl_notify);
+	}
+#else /* ! NOTIFY_TZ */
+	if (tzload(name, lclptr, TRUE) != 0)
 		if (name[0] == ':' || tzparse(name, lclptr, FALSE) != 0)
 			(void) gmtload(lclptr);
+#endif /* NOTIFY_TZ */
 	settzname();
+	_RWLOCK_UNLOCK(&lcl_rwlock);
+
+	if (rdlocked)
+		_RWLOCK_RDLOCK(&lcl_rwlock);
 }
 
 void
 tzset(void)
 {
-	_MUTEX_LOCK(&lcl_mutex);
-	tzset_basic();
-	_MUTEX_UNLOCK(&lcl_mutex);
+#ifdef NOTIFY_TZ_DEBUG
+	NOTIFY_TZ_PRINTF("tzset called TZ=%s\n", getenv("TZ"));
+#endif /* NOTIFY_TZ_DEBUG */
+	tzset_basic(0);
 }
 
 /*
 ** The easy way to behave "as if no library function calls" localtime
 ** is to not call it--so we drop its guts into "localsub", which can be
-** freely called.  (And no, the PANS doesn't require the above behavior--
+** freely called. (And no, the PANS doesn't require the above behavior--
 ** but it *is* desirable.)
 **
 ** The unused offset argument is for the benefit of mktime variants.
 */
 
 /*ARGSUSED*/
-static void
-localsub(timep, offset, tmp)
-const time_t * const	timep;
-const long		offset;
-struct tm * const	tmp;
+#ifdef __LP64__
+__private_extern__ struct tm *
+#else /* !__LP64__ */
+__private_extern__ void
+#endif /* __LP64__ */
+localsub(const time_t *const timep, const long offset, struct tm *const tmp)
 {
 	struct state *		sp;
 	const struct ttinfo *	ttisp;
 	int			i;
-	const time_t			t = *timep;
-
+#ifdef __LP64__
+	struct tm *		result;
+#endif /* __LP64__ */
+	const time_t		t = *timep;
+
+#ifdef NOTIFY_TZ_DEBUG
+	NOTIFY_TZ_PRINTF("localsub called\n");
+#endif /* NOTIFY_TZ_DEBUG */
 	sp = lclptr;
 #ifdef ALL_STATE
 	if (sp == NULL) {
+#ifdef __LP64__
+		return gmtsub(timep, offset, tmp);
+#else /* !__LP64__ */
 		gmtsub(timep, offset, tmp);
 		return;
+#endif /* __LP64__ */
 	}
 #endif /* defined ALL_STATE */
+	if ((sp->goback && t < sp->ats[0]) ||
+		(sp->goahead && t > sp->ats[sp->timecnt - 1])) {
+			time_t			newt = t;
+			register time_t		seconds;
+			register time_t		tcycles;
+			register int_fast64_t	icycles;
+
+			if (t < sp->ats[0])
+				seconds = sp->ats[0] - t;
+			else	seconds = t - sp->ats[sp->timecnt - 1];
+			--seconds;
+			tcycles = seconds / YEARSPERREPEAT / AVGSECSPERYEAR;
+			++tcycles;
+			icycles = tcycles;
+			if (tcycles - icycles >= 1 || icycles - tcycles >= 1) {
+#ifdef __LP64__
+				return NULL;
+#else /* !__LP64__ */
+				return;
+#endif /* __LP64__ */
+			}
+			seconds = icycles;
+			seconds *= YEARSPERREPEAT;
+			seconds *= AVGSECSPERYEAR;
+			if (t < sp->ats[0])
+				newt += seconds;
+			else	newt -= seconds;
+			if (newt < sp->ats[0] ||
+				newt > sp->ats[sp->timecnt - 1])
+#ifdef __LP64__
+					return NULL;	/* "cannot happen" */
+			result = localsub(&newt, offset, tmp);
+			if (result == tmp) {
+#else /* !__LP64__ */
+					return;
+			localsub(&newt, offset, tmp);
+			{
+#endif /* __LP64__ */
+				register time_t	newy;
+
+				newy = tmp->tm_year;
+				if (t < sp->ats[0])
+					newy -= icycles * YEARSPERREPEAT;
+				else	newy += icycles * YEARSPERREPEAT;
+				tmp->tm_year = newy;
+				if (tmp->tm_year != newy)
+#ifdef __LP64__
+					return NULL;
+			}
+			return result;
+#else /* !__LP64__ */
+					return;
+			}
+			return;
+#endif /* __LP64__ */
+	}
 	if (sp->timecnt == 0 || t < sp->ats[0]) {
 		i = 0;
 		while (sp->ttis[i].tt_isdst)
@@ -1045,10 +1804,17 @@
 				break;
 			}
 	} else {
-		for (i = 1; i < sp->timecnt; ++i)
-			if (t < sp->ats[i])
-				break;
-		i = sp->types[i - 1];
+		register int	lo = 1;
+		register int	hi = sp->timecnt;
+
+		while (lo < hi) {
+			register int	mid = (lo + hi) >> 1;
+
+			if (t < sp->ats[mid])
+				hi = mid;
+			else	lo = mid + 1;
+		}
+		i = (int) sp->types[lo - 1];
 	}
 	ttisp = &sp->ttis[i];
 	/*
@@ -1057,43 +1823,42 @@
 	**	t += ttisp->tt_gmtoff;
 	**	timesub(&t, 0L, sp, tmp);
 	*/
+#ifdef __LP64__
+	result = timesub(&t, ttisp->tt_gmtoff, sp, tmp);
+	if (result == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+#else /* !__LP64__ */
 	timesub(&t, ttisp->tt_gmtoff, sp, tmp);
+#endif /* __LP64__ */
 	tmp->tm_isdst = ttisp->tt_isdst;
 	tzname[tmp->tm_isdst] = &sp->chars[ttisp->tt_abbrind];
 #ifdef TM_ZONE
 	tmp->TM_ZONE = &sp->chars[ttisp->tt_abbrind];
 #endif /* defined TM_ZONE */
+#ifdef __LP64__
+	return result;
+#endif /* __LP64__ */
+}
+
+static void
+localtime_key_init(void)
+{
+
+	localtime_key = __LIBC_PTHREAD_KEY_LOCALTIME;
+	localtime_key_error = pthread_key_init_np(localtime_key, free);
 }
 
 struct tm *
-localtime_r(timep, p_tm)
-const time_t * const	timep;
-struct tm *p_tm;
-{
-	_MUTEX_LOCK(&lcl_mutex);
-	tzset_basic();
-	localsub(timep, 0L, p_tm);
-	_MUTEX_UNLOCK(&lcl_mutex);
-	return(p_tm);
-}
-
-struct tm *
-localtime(timep)
-const time_t * const	timep;
-{
-	static pthread_mutex_t localtime_mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
-	static pthread_key_t localtime_key = -1;
+localtime(const time_t *const timep)
+{
 	struct tm *p_tm;
 
 	if (__isthreaded != 0) {
-		_pthread_mutex_lock(&localtime_mutex);
-		if (localtime_key < 0) {
-			if (_pthread_key_create(&localtime_key, free) < 0) {
-				_pthread_mutex_unlock(&localtime_mutex);
-				return(NULL);
-			}
-		}
-		_pthread_mutex_unlock(&localtime_mutex);
+		_pthread_once(&localtime_once, localtime_key_init);
+		if (localtime_key_error != 0) {
+			errno = localtime_key_error;
+			return(NULL);
+		}
 		p_tm = _pthread_getspecific(localtime_key);
 		if (p_tm == NULL) {
 			if ((p_tm = (struct tm *)malloc(sizeof(struct tm)))
@@ -1101,51 +1866,107 @@
 				return(NULL);
 			_pthread_setspecific(localtime_key, p_tm);
 		}
-		_pthread_mutex_lock(&lcl_mutex);
-		tzset_basic();
+		_RWLOCK_RDLOCK(&lcl_rwlock);
+		tzset_basic(1);
+#ifdef __LP64__
+		p_tm = localsub(timep, 0L, p_tm);
+#else /* !__LP64__ */
 		localsub(timep, 0L, p_tm);
-		_pthread_mutex_unlock(&lcl_mutex);
+#endif /* __LP64__ */
+		_RWLOCK_UNLOCK(&lcl_rwlock);
 		return(p_tm);
 	} else {
-		tzset_basic();
+		tzset_basic(0);
+#ifdef __LP64__
+		return localsub(timep, 0L, &tm);
+#else /* !__LP64__ */
 		localsub(timep, 0L, &tm);
 		return(&tm);
-	}
+#endif /* __LP64__ */
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+** Re-entrant version of localtime.
+*/
+
+struct tm *
+localtime_r(const time_t *const __restrict timep, struct tm * __restrict tmp)
+{
+	_RWLOCK_RDLOCK(&lcl_rwlock);
+	tzset_basic(1);
+#ifdef __LP64__
+	tmp = localsub(timep, 0L, tmp);
+#else /* !__LP64__ */
+	localsub(timep, 0L, tmp);
+#endif /* __LP64__ */
+	_RWLOCK_UNLOCK(&lcl_rwlock);
+	return tmp;
+}
+
+static void
+gmt_init(void)
+{
+
+#ifdef ALL_STATE
+#ifdef NOTIFY_TZ
+	if (gmtptr == NULL)
+#endif /* NOTIFY_TZ */
+		gmtptr = (struct state *) calloc(1, sizeof *gmtptr);
+	if (gmtptr != NULL)
+#endif /* defined ALL_STATE */
+#ifdef NOTIFY_TZ
+	{
+		char		fullname[FILENAME_MAX + 1];
+		gmtload(gmtptr, fullname);
+		notify_register_tz(fullname, &gmt_notify);
+	}
+#else /* ! NOTIFY_TZ */
+		gmtload(gmtptr);
+#endif /* NOTIFY_TZ */
 }
 
 /*
 ** gmtsub is to gmtime as localsub is to localtime.
 */
 
+#ifdef __LP64__
+static struct tm *
+#else /* !__LP64__ */
 static void
-gmtsub(timep, offset, tmp)
-const time_t * const	timep;
-const long		offset;
-struct tm * const	tmp;
-{
-	_MUTEX_LOCK(&gmt_mutex);
-	if (!gmt_is_set) {
-		gmt_is_set = TRUE;
-#ifdef ALL_STATE
-		gmtptr = (struct state *) malloc(sizeof *gmtptr);
-		if (gmtptr != NULL)
-#endif /* defined ALL_STATE */
-			gmtload(gmtptr);
-	}
-	_MUTEX_UNLOCK(&gmt_mutex);
+#endif /* __LP64__ */
+gmtsub(const time_t * const timep, const long offset, struct tm * const tmp)
+{
+#ifdef __LP64__
+	register struct tm *	result;
+#endif /* __LP64__ */
+
+#ifdef NOTIFY_TZ_DEBUG
+	NOTIFY_TZ_PRINTF("gmtsub called\n");
+#endif /* NOTIFY_TZ_DEBUG */
+#ifdef NOTIFY_TZ
+	notify_check_tz(&gmt_notify);
+#endif /* NOTIFY_TZ */
+	pthread_once(&gmt_once, gmt_init);
+#ifdef __LP64__
+	result = timesub(timep, offset, gmtptr, tmp);
+	if (result == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+#else /* !__LP64__ */
 	timesub(timep, offset, gmtptr, tmp);
+#endif /* __LP64__ */
 #ifdef TM_ZONE
 	/*
 	** Could get fancy here and deliver something such as
-	** "GMT+xxxx" or "GMT-xxxx" if offset is non-zero,
+	** "UTC+xxxx" or "UTC-xxxx" if offset is non-zero,
 	** but this is no time for a treasure hunt.
 	*/
 	if (offset != 0)
-		tmp->TM_ZONE = wildabbr;
+		tmp->TM_ZONE = (char*)wildabbr;
 	else {
 #ifdef ALL_STATE
 		if (gmtptr == NULL)
-			tmp->TM_ZONE = gmt;
+			tmp->TM_ZONE = (char *)gmt;
 		else	tmp->TM_ZONE = gmtptr->chars;
 #endif /* defined ALL_STATE */
 #ifndef ALL_STATE
@@ -1153,25 +1974,30 @@
 #endif /* State Farm */
 	}
 #endif /* defined TM_ZONE */
+#ifdef __LP64__
+	return result;
+#endif /* __LP64__ */
+}
+
+static void
+gmtime_key_init(void)
+{
+	
+	gmtime_key = __LIBC_PTHREAD_KEY_GMTIME;
+	gmtime_key_error = pthread_key_init_np(gmtime_key, free);
 }
 
 struct tm *
-gmtime(timep)
-const time_t * const	timep;
-{
-	static pthread_mutex_t gmtime_mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
-	static pthread_key_t gmtime_key = -1;
+gmtime(const time_t *const timep)
+{
 	struct tm *p_tm;
 
 	if (__isthreaded != 0) {
-		_pthread_mutex_lock(&gmtime_mutex);
-		if (gmtime_key < 0) {
-			if (_pthread_key_create(&gmtime_key, free) < 0) {
-				_pthread_mutex_unlock(&gmtime_mutex);
-				return(NULL);
-			}
-		}
-		_pthread_mutex_unlock(&gmtime_mutex);
+		_pthread_once(&gmtime_once, gmtime_key_init);
+		if (gmtime_key_error != 0) {
+			errno = gmtime_key_error;
+			return(NULL);
+		}
 		/*
 		 * Changed to follow POSIX.1 threads standard, which
 		 * is what BSD currently has.
@@ -1183,41 +2009,77 @@
 			}
 			_pthread_setspecific(gmtime_key, p_tm);
 		}
+#ifdef __LP64__
+		return gmtsub(timep, 0L, p_tm);
+#else /* !__LP64__ */
 		gmtsub(timep, 0L, p_tm);
 		return(p_tm);
+#endif /* __LP64__ */
 	}
 	else {
+#ifdef __LP64__
+		return gmtsub(timep, 0L, &tm);
+#else /* !__LP64__ */
 		gmtsub(timep, 0L, &tm);
 		return(&tm);
-	}
-}
+#endif /* __LP64__ */
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+* Re-entrant version of gmtime.
+*/
 
 struct tm *
-gmtime_r(const time_t * timep, struct tm * tm)
-{
-	gmtsub(timep, 0L, tm);
-	return(tm);
+gmtime_r(const time_t *const timep, struct tm *tmp)
+{
+
+#ifdef __LP64__
+	return gmtsub(timep, 0L, tmp);
+#else /* !__LP64__ */
+	gmtsub(timep, 0L, tmp);
+	return tmp;
+#endif /* __LP64__ */
 }
 
 #ifdef STD_INSPIRED
 
 struct tm *
-offtime(timep, offset)
-const time_t * const	timep;
-const long		offset;
-{
+offtime(const time_t *const timep, const long offset)
+{
+#ifdef __LP64__
+	return gmtsub(timep, offset, &tm);
+#else /* !__LP64__ */
 	gmtsub(timep, offset, &tm);
 	return &tm;
+#endif /* __LP64__ */
 }
 
 #endif /* defined STD_INSPIRED */
 
+/*
+** Return the number of leap years through the end of the given year
+** where, to make the math easy, the answer for year zero is defined as zero.
+*/
+
+__unused static int
+leaps_thru_end_of(register const int y)
+{
+#ifdef __LP64__
+	return (y >= 0) ? (y / 4 - y / 100 + y / 400) :
+		-(leaps_thru_end_of(-(y + 1)) + 1);
+#else /* !__LP64__ */
+	return (y / 4 - y / 100 + y / 400);
+#endif /* __LP64__ */
+}
+
+#ifdef __LP64__
+static struct tm *
+#else /* !__LP64__ */
 static void
-timesub(timep, offset, sp, tmp)
-const time_t * const			timep;
-const long				offset;
-const struct state * const	sp;
-struct tm * const		tmp;
+#endif /* __LP64__ */
+timesub(const time_t * const timep, const long offset,
+    const struct state * const sp, struct tm * const tmp)
 {
 	const struct lsinfo *	lp;
 	long			days;
@@ -1289,7 +2151,12 @@
 	if (tmp->tm_wday < 0)
 		tmp->tm_wday += DAYSPERWEEK;
 	y = EPOCH_YEAR;
-#define LEAPS_THRU_END_OF(y)	((y) / 4 - (y) / 100 + (y) / 400)
+#define _LEAPS_THRU_END_OF(y)	((y) / 4 - (y) / 100 + (y) / 400)
+#ifdef __LP64__
+#define LEAPS_THRU_END_OF(y)	((y) >= 0 ? _LEAPS_THRU_END_OF(y) : _LEAPS_THRU_END_OF((y) + 1) - 1)
+#else /* !__LP64__ */
+#define LEAPS_THRU_END_OF(y)	_LEAPS_THRU_END_OF(y)
+#endif /* __LP64__ */
 	while (days < 0 || days >= (long) year_lengths[yleap = isleap(y)]) {
 		long	newy;
 
@@ -1301,7 +2168,16 @@
 			LEAPS_THRU_END_OF(y - 1);
 		y = newy;
 	}
+#ifdef __LP64__
+	y -= TM_YEAR_BASE;
+	if (y < INT_MIN || y > INT_MAX) {
+		errno = EOVERFLOW;
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	tmp->tm_year = y;
+#else /* !__LP64__ */
 	tmp->tm_year = y - TM_YEAR_BASE;
+#endif /* __LP64__ */
 	tmp->tm_yday = (int) days;
 	ip = mon_lengths[yleap];
 	for (tmp->tm_mon = 0; days >= (long) ip[tmp->tm_mon]; ++(tmp->tm_mon))
@@ -1311,36 +2187,60 @@
 #ifdef TM_GMTOFF
 	tmp->TM_GMTOFF = offset;
 #endif /* defined TM_GMTOFF */
+#ifdef __LP64__
+	return tmp;
+#endif /* __LP64__ */
 }
 
 char *
-ctime(timep)
-const time_t * const	timep;
+ctime(const time_t *const timep)
 {
 /*
 ** Section 4.12.3.2 of X3.159-1989 requires that
-**	The ctime funciton converts the calendar time pointed to by timer
-**	to local time in the form of a string.  It is equivalent to
+**	The ctime function converts the calendar time pointed to by timer
+**	to local time in the form of a string. It is equivalent to
 **		asctime(localtime(timer))
 */
+#ifdef __LP64__
+	/*
+	 * In 64-bit, the timep value may produce a time value with a year
+	 * that exceeds 32-bits in size (won't fit in struct tm), so localtime
+	 * will return NULL.
+	 */
+	struct tm *tm = localtime(timep);
+
+	if (tm == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+	return asctime(tm);
+#else /* !__LP64__ */
 	return asctime(localtime(timep));
+#endif /* __LP64__ */
 }
 
 char *
-ctime_r(timep, buf)
-const time_t * const	timep;
-char *buf;
-{
-        struct tm tm;
-	return asctime_r(localtime_r(timep, &tm), buf);
+ctime_r(const time_t *const timep, char *buf)
+{
+	struct tm	mytm;
+
+#ifdef __LP64__
+	/*
+	 * In 64-bit, the timep value may produce a time value with a year
+	 * that exceeds 32-bits in size (won't fit in struct tm), so localtime_r
+	 * will return NULL.
+	 */
+	if (localtime_r(timep, &mytm) == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+	return asctime_r(&mytm, buf);
+#else /* !__LP64__ */
+	return asctime_r(localtime_r(timep, &mytm), buf);
+#endif /* __LP64__ */
 }
 
 /*
 ** Adapted from code provided by Robert Elz, who writes:
 **	The "best" way to do mktime I think is based on an idea of Bob
 **	Kridle's (so its said...) from a long time ago.
-**	[kridle@xinet.com as of 1996-01-16.]
-**	It does a binary search of the time_t space.  Since time_t's are
+**	It does a binary search of the time_t space. Since time_t's are
 **	just 32 bits, its a max of 32 iterations (even at 64 bits it
 **	would still be very reasonable).
 */
@@ -1350,13 +2250,11 @@
 #endif /* !defined WRONG */
 
 /*
-** Simplified normalize logic courtesy Paul Eggert (eggert@twinsun.com).
+** Simplified normalize logic courtesy Paul Eggert.
 */
 
 static int
-increment_overflow(number, delta)
-int *	number;
-int	delta;
+increment_overflow(int *number, int delta)
 {
 	int	number0;
 
@@ -1366,10 +2264,17 @@
 }
 
 static int
-normalize_overflow(tensptr, unitsptr, base)
-int * const	tensptr;
-int * const	unitsptr;
-const int	base;
+long_increment_overflow(long *number, int delta)
+{
+	long	number0;
+
+	number0 = *number;
+	*number += delta;
+	return (*number < number0) != (delta < 0);
+}
+
+static int
+normalize_overflow(int *const tensptr, int *const unitsptr, const int base)
 {
 	int	tensdelta;
 
@@ -1381,14 +2286,30 @@
 }
 
 static int
-tmcomp(atmp, btmp)
-const struct tm * const atmp;
-const struct tm * const btmp;
+long_normalize_overflow(long *const tensptr, int *const unitsptr, const int base)
+{
+	register int	tensdelta;
+
+	tensdelta = (*unitsptr >= 0) ?
+		(*unitsptr / base) :
+		(-1 - (-1 - *unitsptr) / base);
+	*unitsptr -= tensdelta * base;
+	return long_increment_overflow(tensptr, tensdelta);
+}
+
+static int
+tmcomp(const struct tm * const atmp, const struct tm * const btmp)
 {
 	int	result;
 
-	if ((result = (atmp->tm_year - btmp->tm_year)) == 0 &&
-		(result = (atmp->tm_mon - btmp->tm_mon)) == 0 &&
+	/*
+	 * Assume that atmp and btmp point to normalized tm strutures.
+	 * So only arithmetic with tm_year could overflow in 64-bit.
+	 */
+	if (atmp->tm_year != btmp->tm_year) {
+		return (atmp->tm_year > btmp->tm_year ? 1 : -1);
+	}
+	if ((result = (atmp->tm_mon - btmp->tm_mon)) == 0 &&
 		(result = (atmp->tm_mday - btmp->tm_mday)) == 0 &&
 		(result = (atmp->tm_hour - btmp->tm_hour)) == 0 &&
 		(result = (atmp->tm_min - btmp->tm_min)) == 0)
@@ -1397,63 +2318,83 @@
 }
 
 static time_t
-time2(tmp, funcp, offset, okayp)
-struct tm * const	tmp;
-void (* const		funcp)(const time_t*, long, struct tm*);
-const long		offset;
-int * const		okayp;
+time2sub(struct tm *const tmp,
+#ifdef __LP64__
+	 struct tm *(*const funcp)(const time_t *, long, struct tm *),
+#else /* !__LP64__ */
+	 void(*funcp) (const time_t *, long, struct tm*),
+#endif /* __LP64__ */
+	 const long offset,
+	 int *const okayp,
+	 const int do_norm_secs,
+	 int unix03)
 {
 	const struct state *	sp;
 	int			dir;
-	int			bits;
-	int			i, j ;
+	int			i, j;
 	int			saved_seconds;
-	time_t				newt;
-	time_t				t;
-	struct tm			yourtm, mytm;
+	long			li;
+	time_t			lo;
+	time_t			hi;
+	long			y;
+	time_t			newt;
+	time_t			t;
+	struct tm		yourtm, mytm;
 
 	*okayp = FALSE;
 	yourtm = *tmp;
+	if (do_norm_secs) {
+		if (normalize_overflow(&yourtm.tm_min, &yourtm.tm_sec,
+			SECSPERMIN))
+				return WRONG;
+	}
 	if (normalize_overflow(&yourtm.tm_hour, &yourtm.tm_min, MINSPERHOUR))
 		return WRONG;
 	if (normalize_overflow(&yourtm.tm_mday, &yourtm.tm_hour, HOURSPERDAY))
 		return WRONG;
-	if (normalize_overflow(&yourtm.tm_year, &yourtm.tm_mon, MONSPERYEAR))
+	y = yourtm.tm_year;
+	if (long_normalize_overflow(&y, &yourtm.tm_mon, MONSPERYEAR))
 		return WRONG;
 	/*
-	** Turn yourtm.tm_year into an actual year number for now.
+	** Turn y into an actual year number for now.
 	** It is converted back to an offset from TM_YEAR_BASE later.
 	*/
-	if (increment_overflow(&yourtm.tm_year, TM_YEAR_BASE))
+	if (long_increment_overflow(&y, TM_YEAR_BASE))
 		return WRONG;
 	while (yourtm.tm_mday <= 0) {
-		if (increment_overflow(&yourtm.tm_year, -1))
+		if (long_increment_overflow(&y, -1))
 			return WRONG;
-		i = yourtm.tm_year + (1 < yourtm.tm_mon);
-		yourtm.tm_mday += year_lengths[isleap(i)];
+		li = y + (1 < yourtm.tm_mon);
+		yourtm.tm_mday += year_lengths[isleap(li)];
 	}
 	while (yourtm.tm_mday > DAYSPERLYEAR) {
-		i = yourtm.tm_year + (1 < yourtm.tm_mon);
-		yourtm.tm_mday -= year_lengths[isleap(i)];
-		if (increment_overflow(&yourtm.tm_year, 1))
+		li = y + (1 < yourtm.tm_mon);
+		yourtm.tm_mday -= year_lengths[isleap(li)];
+		if (long_increment_overflow(&y, 1))
 			return WRONG;
 	}
 	for ( ; ; ) {
-		i = mon_lengths[isleap(yourtm.tm_year)][yourtm.tm_mon];
+		i = mon_lengths[isleap(y)][yourtm.tm_mon];
 		if (yourtm.tm_mday <= i)
 			break;
 		yourtm.tm_mday -= i;
 		if (++yourtm.tm_mon >= MONSPERYEAR) {
 			yourtm.tm_mon = 0;
-			if (increment_overflow(&yourtm.tm_year, 1))
+			if (long_increment_overflow(&y, 1))
 				return WRONG;
 		}
 	}
-	if (increment_overflow(&yourtm.tm_year, -TM_YEAR_BASE))
+	if (long_increment_overflow(&y, -TM_YEAR_BASE))
+		return WRONG;
+	yourtm.tm_year = y;
+	if (yourtm.tm_year != y)
+		return WRONG;
+	/* Don't go below 1900 for POLA */
+	if (yourtm.tm_year < 0)
 		return WRONG;
 	if (yourtm.tm_sec >= 0 && yourtm.tm_sec < SECSPERMIN)
 		saved_seconds = 0;
-	else if (yourtm.tm_year + TM_YEAR_BASE < EPOCH_YEAR) {
+	else if (y + TM_YEAR_BASE < EPOCH_YEAR) {
 		/*
 		** We can't set tm_sec to 0, because that might push the
 		** time below the minimum representable time.
@@ -1471,35 +2412,66 @@
 		yourtm.tm_sec = 0;
 	}
 	/*
-	** Divide the search space in half
-	** (this works whether time_t is signed or unsigned).
+	** Do a binary search (this works whatever time_t's type is).
 	*/
-	bits = TYPE_BIT(time_t) - 1;
-	/*
-	** If we have more than this, we will overflow tm_year for tmcomp().
-	** We should really return an error if we cannot represent it.
-	*/
-	if (bits > 56)
-		bits = 56;
-	/*
-	** If time_t is signed, then 0 is just above the median,
-	** assuming two's complement arithmetic.
-	** If time_t is unsigned, then (1 << bits) is just above the median.
-	*/
-	t = TYPE_SIGNED(time_t) ? 0 : (((time_t) 1) << bits);
+	if (!TYPE_SIGNED(time_t)) {
+		lo = 0;
+		hi = lo - 1;
+	} else if (!TYPE_INTEGRAL(time_t)) {
+		if (sizeof(time_t) > sizeof(float))
+			hi = (time_t) DBL_MAX;
+		else	hi = (time_t) FLT_MAX;
+		lo = -hi;
+	} else {
+		lo = 1;
+		for (i = 0; i < (int) TYPE_BIT(time_t) - 1; ++i)
+			lo *= 2;
+		hi = -(lo + 1);
+	}
 	for ( ; ; ) {
+		t = lo / 2 + hi / 2;
+		if (t < lo)
+			t = lo;
+		else if (t > hi)
+			t = hi;
+#ifdef __LP64__
+		if ((*funcp)(&t, offset, &mytm) == NULL) {
+			/*
+			** Assume that t is too extreme to be represented in
+			** a struct tm; arrange things so that it is less
+			** extreme on the next pass.
+			*/
+			dir = (t > 0) ? 1 : -1;
+		} else	dir = tmcomp(&mytm, &yourtm);
+#else /* !__LP64__ */
 		(*funcp)(&t, offset, &mytm);
 		dir = tmcomp(&mytm, &yourtm);
+		// If we have searched the entire space without a match, exit
+		if (dir != 0 && t == lo && t == hi)
+			return WRONG;
+#endif /* __LP64__ */
 		if (dir != 0) {
-			if (bits-- < 0)
+			if (t == lo) {
+				++t;
+				if (t <= lo)
+					return WRONG;
+				++lo;
+			} else if (t == hi) {
+				--t;
+				if (t >= hi)
+					return WRONG;
+				--hi;
+			}
+			if (lo > hi)
 				return WRONG;
-			if (bits < 0)
-				--t; /* may be needed if new t is minimal */
-			else if (dir > 0)
-				t -= ((time_t) 1) << bits;
-			else	t += ((time_t) 1) << bits;
+			if (dir > 0)
+				hi = t;
+			else	lo = t;
 			continue;
 		}
+		sp = (funcp == localsub) ? lclptr : gmtptr;
+		if (unix03 && sp->typecnt == 1 && yourtm.tm_isdst > 0) 
+			yourtm.tm_isdst = 0; /* alternative time does not apply */
 		if (yourtm.tm_isdst < 0 || mytm.tm_isdst == yourtm.tm_isdst)
 			break;
 		/*
@@ -1508,12 +2480,6 @@
 		** It's okay to guess wrong since the guess
 		** gets checked.
 		*/
-		/*
-		** The (void *) casts are the benefit of SunOS 3.3 on Sun 2's.
-		*/
-		sp = (const struct state *)
-			(((void *) funcp == (void *) localsub) ?
-			lclptr : gmtptr);
 #ifdef ALL_STATE
 		if (sp == NULL)
 			return WRONG;
@@ -1526,7 +2492,12 @@
 					continue;
 				newt = t + sp->ttis[j].tt_gmtoff -
 					sp->ttis[i].tt_gmtoff;
+#ifdef __LP64__
+				if ((*funcp)(&newt, offset, &mytm) == NULL)
+					continue;
+#else /* !__LP64__ */
 				(*funcp)(&newt, offset, &mytm);
+#endif /* __LP64__ */
 				if (tmcomp(&mytm, &yourtm) != 0)
 					continue;
 				if (mytm.tm_isdst != yourtm.tm_isdst)
@@ -1545,28 +2516,68 @@
 	if ((newt < t) != (saved_seconds < 0))
 		return WRONG;
 	t = newt;
+#ifdef __LP64__
+	if ((*funcp)(&t, offset, tmp) == NULL)
+		return WRONG;
+#else /* !__LP64__ */
 	(*funcp)(&t, offset, tmp);
-	*okayp = TRUE;
+#endif /* __LP64__ */
+		*okayp = TRUE;
 	return t;
 }
 
 static time_t
-time1(tmp, funcp, offset)
-struct tm * const	tmp;
-void (* const		funcp)(const time_t *, long, struct tm *);
-const long		offset;
+time2(struct tm * const	tmp,
+#ifdef __LP64__
+      struct tm * (*const funcp)(const time_t *, long, struct tm *),
+#else /* !__LP64__ */
+      void (*const funcp)(const time_t *, long, struct tm *),
+#endif /* __LP64__ */
+      const long offset,
+      int *const okayp,
+      int unix03)
+{
+	time_t	t;
+
+	/*
+	** First try without normalization of seconds
+	** (in case tm_sec contains a value associated with a leap second).
+	** If that fails, try with normalization of seconds.
+	*/
+	t = time2sub(tmp, funcp, offset, okayp, FALSE, unix03);
+	return *okayp ? t : time2sub(tmp, funcp, offset, okayp, TRUE, unix03);
+}
+
+__private_extern__ time_t
+time1(struct tm * const tmp,
+#ifdef __LP64__
+struct tm * (* const  funcp)(const time_t *, long, struct tm *),
+#else /* !__LP64__ */
+void (* const  funcp)(const time_t *, long, struct tm *),
+#endif /* __LP64__ */
+    const long offset, int unix03)
 {
 	time_t			t;
 	const struct state *	sp;
 	int			samei, otheri;
+	int			sameind, otherind;
+	int			i;
+	int			nseen;
+	int				seen[TZ_MAX_TYPES];
+	int				types[TZ_MAX_TYPES];
 	int				okay;
+
+	if (tmp == NULL) {
+		errno = EINVAL;
+		return WRONG;
+	}
 
 	if (tmp->tm_isdst > 1)
 		tmp->tm_isdst = 1;
-	t = time2(tmp, funcp, offset, &okay);
+	t = time2(tmp, funcp, offset, &okay, unix03);
 #ifdef PCTS
 	/*
-	** PCTS code courtesy Grant Sullivan (grant@osf.org).
+	** PCTS code courtesy Grant Sullivan.
 	*/
 	if (okay)
 		return t;
@@ -1583,25 +2594,31 @@
 	** We try to divine the type they started from and adjust to the
 	** type they need.
 	*/
-	/*
-	** The (void *) casts are the benefit of SunOS 3.3 on Sun 2's.
-	*/
-	sp = (const struct state *) (((void *) funcp == (void *) localsub) ?
-		lclptr : gmtptr);
+	sp = (const struct state *) ((funcp == localsub) ? lclptr : gmtptr);
 #ifdef ALL_STATE
 	if (sp == NULL)
 		return WRONG;
 #endif /* defined ALL_STATE */
-	for (samei = sp->typecnt - 1; samei >= 0; --samei) {
+	for (i = 0; i < sp->typecnt; ++i)
+		seen[i] = FALSE;
+	nseen = 0;
+	for (i = sp->timecnt - 1; i >= 0; --i)
+		if (!seen[sp->types[i]]) {
+			seen[sp->types[i]] = TRUE;
+			types[nseen++] = sp->types[i];
+		}
+	for (sameind = 0; sameind < nseen; ++sameind) {
+		samei = types[sameind];
 		if (sp->ttis[samei].tt_isdst != tmp->tm_isdst)
 			continue;
-		for (otheri = sp->typecnt - 1; otheri >= 0; --otheri) {
+		for (otherind = 0; otherind < nseen; ++otherind) {
+			otheri = types[otherind];
 			if (sp->ttis[otheri].tt_isdst == tmp->tm_isdst)
 				continue;
 			tmp->tm_sec += sp->ttis[otheri].tt_gmtoff -
 					sp->ttis[samei].tt_gmtoff;
 			tmp->tm_isdst = !tmp->tm_isdst;
-			t = time2(tmp, funcp, offset, &okay);
+			t = time2(tmp, funcp, offset, &okay, unix03);
 			if (okay)
 				return t;
 			tmp->tm_sec -= sp->ttis[otheri].tt_gmtoff -
@@ -1611,44 +2628,48 @@
 	}
 	return WRONG;
 }
+#else  /* BUILDING_VARIANT */
+extern pthread_rwlock_t	lcl_rwlock;
+#endif /* BUILDING_VARIANT */
 
 time_t
-mktime(tmp)
-struct tm * const	tmp;
+mktime(struct tm *const tmp)
 {
 	time_t mktime_return_value;
-	_MUTEX_LOCK(&lcl_mutex);
-	tzset_basic();
-	mktime_return_value = time1(tmp, localsub, 0L);
-	_MUTEX_UNLOCK(&lcl_mutex);
+	int serrno = errno;
+	_RWLOCK_RDLOCK(&lcl_rwlock);
+	tzset_basic(1);
+	mktime_return_value = time1(tmp, localsub, 0L, __DARWIN_UNIX03);
+	_RWLOCK_UNLOCK(&lcl_rwlock);
+	errno = serrno;
 	return(mktime_return_value);
 }
 
+#if !BUILDING_VARIANT
 #ifdef STD_INSPIRED
 
 time_t
-timelocal(tmp)
-struct tm * const	tmp;
-{
-	tmp->tm_isdst = -1;	/* in case it wasn't initialized */
+timelocal(struct tm *const tmp)
+{
+	if (tmp != NULL)
+		tmp->tm_isdst = -1;	/* in case it wasn't initialized */
 	return mktime(tmp);
 }
 
 time_t
-timegm(tmp)
-struct tm * const	tmp;
-{
-	tmp->tm_isdst = 0;
-	return time1(tmp, gmtsub, 0L);
+timegm(struct tm *const tmp)
+{
+	if (tmp != NULL)
+		tmp->tm_isdst = 0;
+	return time1(tmp, gmtsub, 0L, __DARWIN_UNIX03);
 }
 
 time_t
-timeoff(tmp, offset)
-struct tm * const	tmp;
-const long		offset;
-{
-	tmp->tm_isdst = 0;
-	return time1(tmp, gmtsub, offset);
+timeoff(struct tm *const tmp, const long offset)
+{
+	if (tmp != NULL)
+		tmp->tm_isdst = 0;
+	return time1(tmp, gmtsub, offset, __DARWIN_UNIX03);
 }
 
 #endif /* defined STD_INSPIRED */
@@ -1661,8 +2682,7 @@
 */
 
 long
-gtime(tmp)
-struct tm * const	tmp;
+gtime(struct tm *const tmp)
 {
 	const time_t	t = mktime(tmp);
 
@@ -1681,15 +2701,14 @@
 
 /*
 ** IEEE Std 1003.1-1988 (POSIX) legislates that 536457599
-** shall correspond to "Wed Dec 31 23:59:59 GMT 1986", which
+** shall correspond to "Wed Dec 31 23:59:59 UTC 1986", which
 ** is not the case if we are accounting for leap seconds.
 ** So, we provide the following conversion routines for use
 ** when exchanging timestamps with POSIX conforming systems.
 */
 
 static long
-leapcorr(timep)
-time_t *	timep;
+leapcorr(time_t *timep)
 {
 	struct state *		sp;
 	struct lsinfo *	lp;
@@ -1706,16 +2725,14 @@
 }
 
 time_t
-time2posix(t)
-time_t	t;
+time2posix(time_t t)
 {
 	tzset();
 	return t - leapcorr(&t);
 }
 
 time_t
-posix2time(t)
-time_t	t;
+posix2time(time_t t)
 {
 	time_t	x;
 	time_t	y;
@@ -1723,7 +2740,7 @@
 	tzset();
 	/*
 	** For a positive leap second hit, the result
-	** is not unique.  For a negative leap second
+	** is not unique. For a negative leap second
 	** hit, the corresponding time doesn't exist,
 	** so we return an adjacent second.
 	*/
@@ -1748,3 +2765,5 @@
 }
 
 #endif /* defined STD_INSPIRED */
+#endif /* !BUILDING_VARIANT */
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop