--- Libc/Libc-262/stdio/printf.3
+++ Libc/Libc-763.13/stdio/printf.3
@@ -13,10 +13,6 @@
 .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 .\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 .\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
-.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
-.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
-.\"	This product includes software developed by the University of
-.\"	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
 .\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
 .\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
 .\"    without specific prior written permission.
@@ -34,70 +30,86 @@
 .\" SUCH DAMAGE.
 .\"
 .\"     @(#)printf.3	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/4/93
-.\" $FreeBSD: src/lib/libc/stdio/printf.3,v 1.17.2.10 2001/12/14 18:33:57 ru Exp $
+.\" $FreeBSD: src/lib/libc/stdio/printf.3,v 1.64 2009/12/02 07:51:25 brueffer Exp $
 .\"
-.Dd June 4, 1993
+.Dd December 2, 2009
 .Dt PRINTF 3
 .Os
 .Sh NAME
-.Nm printf , fprintf , sprintf , snprintf , asprintf ,
-.Nm vprintf , vfprintf, vsprintf , vsnprintf , vasprintf
+.Nm printf , fprintf , sprintf , snprintf , asprintf , dprintf ,
+.Nm vprintf , vfprintf, vsprintf , vsnprintf , vasprintf, vdprintf
 .Nd formatted output conversion
 .Sh LIBRARY
 .Lb libc
 .Sh SYNOPSIS
 .In stdio.h
 .Ft int
-.Fn printf "const char *format" ...
-.Ft int
-.Fn fprintf "FILE *stream" "const char *format" ...
-.Ft int
-.Fn sprintf "char *str" "const char *format" ...
-.Ft int
-.Fn snprintf "char *str" "size_t size" "const char *format" ...
+.Fn printf "const char * restrict format" ...
+.Ft int
+.Fn fprintf "FILE * restrict stream" "const char * restrict format" ...
+.Ft int
+.Fn sprintf "char * restrict str" "const char * restrict format" ...
+.Ft int
+.Fn snprintf "char * restrict str" "size_t size" "const char * restrict format" ...
 .Ft int
 .Fn asprintf "char **ret" "const char *format" ...
+.Ft int
+.Fn dprintf "int fd" "const char * restrict format" ...
 .In stdarg.h
 .Ft int
-.Fn vprintf "const char *format" "va_list ap"
-.Ft int
-.Fn vfprintf "FILE *stream" "const char *format" "va_list ap"
-.Ft int
-.Fn vsprintf "char *str" "const char *format" "va_list ap"
-.Ft int
-.Fn vsnprintf "char *str" "size_t size" "const char *format" "va_list ap"
+.Fn vprintf "const char * restrict format" "va_list ap"
+.Ft int
+.Fn vfprintf "FILE * restrict stream" "const char * restrict format" "va_list ap"
+.Ft int
+.Fn vsprintf "char * restrict str" "const char * restrict format" "va_list ap"
+.Ft int
+.Fn vsnprintf "char * restrict str" "size_t size" "const char * restrict format" "va_list ap"
 .Ft int
 .Fn vasprintf "char **ret" "const char *format" "va_list ap"
+.Ft int
+.Fn vdprintf "int fd" "const char * restrict format" "va_list ap"
 .Sh DESCRIPTION
 The
 .Fn printf
 family of functions produces output according to a
 .Fa format
 as described below.
-.Fn Printf
+The
+.Fn printf
 and
 .Fn vprintf
+functions
 write output to
-.Pa stdout ,
+.Dv stdout ,
 the standard output stream;
 .Fn fprintf
 and
 .Fn vfprintf
 write output to the given output
 .Fa stream ;
+.Fn dprintf
+and
+.Fn vdprintf
+write output to the given file descriptor;
 .Fn sprintf ,
 .Fn snprintf ,
 .Fn vsprintf ,
 and
 .Fn vsnprintf
 write to the character string
-.Fa str ;
+.Fa s ;
 and
 .Fn asprintf
 and
 .Fn vasprintf
 dynamically allocate a new string with
 .Xr malloc 3 .
+.Pp
+Extended locale versions of these functions are documented in
+.Xr printf_l 3 .
+See
+.Xr xlocale 3
+for more information.
 .Pp
 These functions write the output under the control of a
 .Fa format
@@ -109,20 +121,22 @@
 These functions return the number of characters printed
 (not including the trailing
 .Ql \e0
-used to end output to strings),
+used to end output to strings) or a negative value if an output error occurs,
 except for
 .Fn snprintf
 and
 .Fn vsnprintf ,
 which return the number of characters that would have been printed if the
-.Fa size
+.Fa n
 were unlimited
 (again, not including the final
 .Ql \e0 ) .
 .Pp
-.Fn Asprintf
+The
+.Fn asprintf
 and
 .Fn vasprintf
+functions
 set
 .Fa *ret
 to be a pointer to a buffer sufficiently large to hold the formatted string.
@@ -133,32 +147,41 @@
 .Fn asprintf
 and
 .Fn vasprintf
-will return -1 and set
+will return \-1 and set
 .Fa ret
 to be a
 .Dv NULL
 pointer.
 .Pp
-.Fn Snprintf
+The
+.Fn snprintf
 and
 .Fn vsnprintf
+functions
 will write at most
-.Fa size Ns \-1
+.Fa n Ns \-1
 of the characters printed into the output string
 (the
-.Fa size Ns 'th
+.Fa n Ns \'th
 character then gets the terminating
 .Ql \e0 ) ;
 if the return value is greater than or equal to the
-.Fa size
+.Fa n
 argument, the string was too short
 and some of the printed characters were discarded.
-.Pp
-.Fn Sprintf
+The output is always null-terminated.
+.Pp
+The
+.Fn sprintf
 and
 .Fn vsprintf
+functions
 effectively assume an infinite
-.Fa size .
+.Fa n .
+.Pp
+For those routines that write to a user-provided character string,
+that string and the format strings should not overlap, as the
+behavior is undefined.
 .Pp
 The format string is composed of zero or more directives:
 ordinary
@@ -190,12 +213,9 @@
 are accessed the results will be indeterminate.
 .It
 Zero or more of the following flags:
-.Bl -hyphen
-.It
-A
-.Cm #
-character
-specifying that the value should be converted to an
+.Bl -tag -width ".So \  Sc (space)"
+.It Sq Cm #
+The value should be converted to an
 .Dq alternate form .
 For
 .Cm c , d , i , n , p , s ,
@@ -205,8 +225,7 @@
 For
 .Cm o
 conversions, the precision of the number is increased to force the first
-character of the output string to a zero (except if a zero value is printed
-with an explicit precision of zero).
+character of the output string to a zero.
 For
 .Cm x
 and
@@ -219,7 +238,7 @@
 .Cm X
 conversions) prepended to it.
 For
-.Cm e , E , f , g ,
+.Cm a , A , e , E , f , F , g ,
 and
 .Cm G
 conversions, the result will always contain a decimal point, even if no
@@ -231,11 +250,8 @@
 .Cm G
 conversions, trailing zeros are not removed from the result as they
 would otherwise be.
-.It
-A
-.Cm 0
-(zero)
-character specifying zero padding.
+.It So Cm 0 Sc (zero)
+Zero padding.
 For all conversions except
 .Cm n ,
 the converted value is padded on the left with zeros rather than blanks.
@@ -246,10 +262,9 @@
 the
 .Cm 0
 flag is ignored.
-.It
-A negative field width flag
-.Cm \-
-indicates the converted value is to be left adjusted on the field boundary.
+.It Sq Cm \-
+A negative field width flag;
+the converted value is to be left adjusted on the field boundary.
 Except for
 .Cm n
 conversions, the converted value is padded on the right with blanks,
@@ -259,21 +274,45 @@
 overrides a
 .Cm 0
 if both are given.
-.It
-A space, specifying that a blank should be left before a positive number
+.It So "\ " Sc (space)
+A blank should be left before a positive number
 produced by a signed conversion
-.Cm ( d , e , E , f , g , G ,
+.Cm ( a , A , d , e , E , f , F , g , G ,
 or
 .Cm i ) .
-.It
-A
-.Cm +
-character specifying that a sign always be placed before a
+.It Sq Cm +
+A sign must always be placed before a
 number produced by a signed conversion.
 A
 .Cm +
 overrides a space if both are used.
+.It Sq Cm '
+Decimal conversions
+.Cm ( d , u ,
+or
+.Cm i )
+or the integral portion of a floating point conversion
+.Cm ( f
+or
+.Cm F )
+should be grouped and separated by thousands using
+the non-monetary separator returned by
+.Xr localeconv 3 .
 .El
+.It
+An optional separator character (
+.Cm \ , | \;  | \ : | _
+) used for separating multiple values when printing an AltiVec or SSE vector,
+or other multi-value unit.
+.Pp
+NOTE: This is an extension to the
+.Fn printf
+specification.
+Behaviour of these values for
+.Fn printf 
+is only defined for operating systems conforming to the 
+AltiVec Technology Programming Interface Manual.
+(At time of writing this includes only Mac OS X 10.2 and later.)
 .It
 An optional decimal digit string specifying a minimum field width.
 If the converted value has fewer characters than the field width, it will
@@ -291,9 +330,9 @@
 and
 .Cm X
 conversions, the number of digits to appear after the decimal-point for
-.Cm e , E ,
-and
-.Cm f
+.Cm a , A , e , E , f ,
+and
+.Cm F
 conversions, the maximum number of significant digits for
 .Cm g
 and
@@ -303,79 +342,98 @@
 .Cm s
 conversions.
 .It
-The optional character
-.Cm h ,
-specifying that a following
-.Cm d , i , o , u , x ,
+An optional length modifier, that specifies the size of the argument.
+The following length modifiers are valid for the
+.Cm d , i , n , o , u , x ,
 or
 .Cm X
-conversion corresponds to a
-.Vt short int
-or
-.Vt unsigned short int
-argument, or that a following
+conversion:
+.Bl -column ".Cm q Em (deprecated)" ".Vt signed char" ".Vt unsigned long long" ".Vt long long *"
+.It Sy Modifier Ta Cm d , i Ta Cm o , u , x , X Ta Cm n
+.It Cm hh Ta Vt "signed char" Ta Vt "unsigned char" Ta Vt "signed char *"
+.It Cm h Ta Vt short Ta Vt "unsigned short" Ta Vt "short *"
+.It Cm l No (ell) Ta Vt long Ta Vt "unsigned long" Ta Vt "long *"
+.It Cm ll No (ell ell) Ta Vt "long long" Ta Vt "unsigned long long" Ta Vt "long long *"
+.It Cm j Ta Vt intmax_t Ta Vt uintmax_t Ta Vt "intmax_t *"
+.It Cm t Ta Vt ptrdiff_t Ta (see note) Ta Vt "ptrdiff_t *"
+.It Cm z Ta (see note) Ta Vt size_t Ta (see note)
+.It Cm q Em (deprecated) Ta Vt quad_t Ta Vt u_quad_t Ta Vt "quad_t *"
+.El
+.Pp
+Note:
+the
+.Cm t
+modifier, when applied to a
+.Cm o , u , x ,
+or
+.Cm X
+conversion, indicates that the argument is of an unsigned type
+equivalent in size to a
+.Vt ptrdiff_t .
+The
+.Cm z
+modifier, when applied to a
+.Cm d
+or
+.Cm i
+conversion, indicates that the argument is of a signed type equivalent in
+size to a
+.Vt size_t .
+Similarly, when applied to an
 .Cm n
-conversion corresponds to a pointer to a
-.Vt short int
-argument.
-.It
-The optional character
-.Cm l
-(ell) specifying that a following
-.Cm d , i , o , u , x ,
-or
-.Cm X
-conversion applies to a pointer to a
-.Vt long int
-or
-.Vt unsigned long int
-argument, or that a following
-.Cm n
-conversion corresponds to a pointer to a
-.Vt long int
-argument.
-.It
-The optional characters
-.Cm ll
-(ell ell) specifying that a following
-.Cm d , i , o , u , x ,
-or
-.Cm X
-conversion applies to a pointer to a
-.Vt long long int
-or
-.Vt unsigned long long int
-argument, or that a following
-.Cm n
-conversion corresponds to a pointer to a
-.Vt long long int
-argument.
-.It
-The optional character
-.Cm q ,
-specifying that a following
-.Cm d , i , o , u , x ,
-or
-.Cm X
-conversion corresponds to a
-.Vt quad int
-or
-.Vt unsigned quad int
-argument, or that a following
-.Cm n
-conversion corresponds to a pointer to a
-.Vt quad int
-argument.
-.It
-The character
-.Cm L
-specifying that a following
-.Cm e , E , f , g ,
+conversion, it indicates that the argument is a pointer to a signed type
+equivalent in size to a
+.Vt size_t .
+.Pp
+The following length modifier is valid for the
+.Cm a , A , e , E , f , F , g ,
 or
 .Cm G
-conversion corresponds to a
-.Vt long double
-argument.
+conversion:
+.Bl -column ".Sy Modifier" ".Cm a , A , e , E , f , F , g , G"
+.It Sy Modifier Ta Cm a , A , e , E , f , F , g , G
+.It Cm l No (ell) Ta Vt double
+(ignored, same behavior as without it)
+.It Cm L Ta Vt "long double"
+.El
+.Pp
+The following length modifier is valid for the
+.Cm c
+or
+.Cm s
+conversion:
+.Bl -column ".Sy Modifier" ".Vt wint_t" ".Vt wchar_t *"
+.It Sy Modifier Ta Cm c Ta Cm s
+.It Cm l No (ell) Ta Vt wint_t Ta Vt "wchar_t *"
+.El
+.Pp
+The AltiVec Technology Programming Interface Manual also defines five additional length modifiers
+which can be used (in place of the conventional length modifiers) for the printing of AltiVec or SSE vectors:
+.Bl -tag -compact
+.It Cm v
+Treat the argument as a vector value, unit length will be determined by the conversion
+specifier (default = 16 8-bit units for all integer conversions, 
+4 32-bit units for floating point conversions).
+.It Cm vh, hv
+Treat the argument as a vector of 8 16-bit units.
+.It Cm vl, lv
+Treat the argument as a vector of 4 32-bit units.
+.El
+.Pp
+NOTE: The vector length specifiers are extensions to the
+.Fn printf
+specification.
+Behaviour of these values for
+.Fn printf 
+is only defined for operating systems conforming to the 
+AltiVec Technology Programming Interface Manual.
+(At time of writing this includes only Mac OS X 10.2 and later.)
+.Pp
+As a further extension, for SSE2 64-bit units:
+.Bl -tag -compact
+.It Cm vll, llv
+Treat the argument as a vector of 2 64-bit units.
+.El
 .It
 A character that specifies the type of conversion to be applied.
 .El
@@ -393,11 +451,12 @@
 A negative field width is treated as a left adjustment flag followed by a
 positive field width; a negative precision is treated as though it were
 missing.
-If a single format directive mixes positional (nn$)
+If a single format directive mixes positional
+.Pq Li nn$
 and non-positional arguments, the results are undefined.
 .Pp
 The conversion specifiers and their meanings are:
-.Bl -tag -width "diouxX"
+.Bl -tag -width ".Cm diouxX"
 .It Cm diouxX
 The
 .Vt int
@@ -415,11 +474,11 @@
 .Cm X )
 notation.
 The letters
-.Cm abcdef
+.Dq Li abcdef
 are used for
 .Cm x
 conversions; the letters
-.Cm ABCDEF
+.Dq Li ABCDEF
 are used for
 .Cm X
 conversions.
@@ -428,7 +487,7 @@
 the left with zeros.
 .It Cm DOU
 The
-.Vt long int
+.Vt "long int"
 argument is converted to signed decimal, unsigned octal, or unsigned
 decimal, as if the format had been
 .Cm ld , lo ,
@@ -440,7 +499,9 @@
 The
 .Vt double
 argument is rounded and converted in the style
-.Oo \- Oc Ns d Ns Cm \&. Ns ddd Ns Cm e Ns \\*[Pm]dd
+.Sm off
+.Oo \- Oc Ar d Li \&. Ar ddd Li e \\*[Pm] Ar dd
+.Sm on
 where there is one digit before the
 decimal-point character
 and the number of digits after it is equal to the precision;
@@ -450,17 +511,38 @@
 An
 .Cm E
 conversion uses the letter
-.Cm E
+.Ql E
 (rather than
-.Cm e )
+.Ql e )
 to introduce the exponent.
 The exponent always contains at least two digits; if the value is zero,
 the exponent is 00.
-.It Cm f
+.Pp
+For
+.Cm a , A , e , E , f , F , g ,
+and
+.Cm G
+conversions, positive and negative infinity are represented as
+.Li inf
+and
+.Li -inf
+respectively when using the lowercase conversion character, and
+.Li INF
+and
+.Li -INF
+respectively when using the uppercase conversion character.
+Similarly, NaN is represented as
+.Li nan
+when using the lowercase conversion, and
+.Li NAN
+when using the uppercase conversion.
+.It Cm fF
 The
 .Vt double
 argument is rounded and converted to decimal notation in the style
-.Oo \- Oc Ns ddd Ns Cm \&. Ns ddd ,
+.Sm off
+.Oo \- Oc Ar ddd Li \&. Ar ddd ,
+.Sm on
 where the number of digits after the decimal-point character
 is equal to the precision specification.
 If the precision is missing, it is taken as 6; if the precision is
@@ -474,6 +556,8 @@
 or
 .Cm e
 (or
+.Cm F
+or
 .Cm E
 for
 .Cm G
@@ -483,19 +567,90 @@
 it is treated as 1.
 Style
 .Cm e
-is used if the exponent from its conversion is less than -4 or greater than
+is used if the exponent from its conversion is less than \-4 or greater than
 or equal to the precision.
 Trailing zeros are removed from the fractional part of the result; a
 decimal point appears only if it is followed by at least one digit.
+.It Cm aA
+The
+.Vt double
+argument is rounded and converted to hexadecimal notation in the style
+.Sm off
+.Oo \- Oc Li 0x Ar h Li \&. Ar hhhp Oo \\*[Pm] Oc Ar d ,
+.Sm on
+where the number of digits after the hexadecimal-point character
+is equal to the precision specification.
+If the precision is missing, it is taken as enough to represent
+the floating-point number exactly, and no rounding occurs.
+If the precision is zero, no hexadecimal-point character appears.
+The
+.Cm p
+is a literal character
+.Ql p ,
+and the exponent consists of a positive or negative sign
+followed by a decimal number representing an exponent of 2.
+The
+.Cm A
+conversion uses the prefix
+.Dq Li 0X
+(rather than
+.Dq Li 0x ) ,
+the letters
+.Dq Li ABCDEF
+(rather than
+.Dq Li abcdef )
+to represent the hex digits, and the letter
+.Ql P
+(rather than
+.Ql p )
+to separate the mantissa and exponent.
+.Pp
+Note that there may be multiple valid ways to represent floating-point
+numbers in this hexadecimal format.
+For example,
+.Li 0x1.92p+1 , 0x3.24p+0 , 0x6.48p-1 ,
+and
+.Li 0xc.9p-2
+are all equivalent.
+The format chosen depends on the internal representation of the
+number, but the implementation guarantees that the length of the
+mantissa will be minimized.
+Zeroes are always represented with a mantissa of 0 (preceded by a
+.Ql -
+if appropriate) and an exponent of
+.Li +0 .
+.It Cm C
+Treated as
+.Cm c
+with the
+.Cm l
+(ell) modifier.
 .It Cm c
 The
 .Vt int
 argument is converted to an
-.Vt unsigned char ,
+.Vt "unsigned char" ,
 and the resulting character is written.
+.Pp
+If the
+.Cm l
+(ell) modifier is used, the
+.Vt wint_t
+argument shall be converted to a
+.Vt wchar_t ,
+and the (potentially multi-byte) sequence representing the
+single wide character is written, including any shift sequences.
+If a shift sequence is used, the shift state is also restored
+to the original state after the character.
+.It Cm S
+Treated as
+.Cm s
+with the
+.Cm l
+(ell) modifier.
 .It Cm s
 The
-.Vt char *
+.Vt "char *"
 argument is expected to be a pointer to an array of character type (pointer
 to a string).
 Characters from the array are written up to (but not including)
@@ -509,9 +664,34 @@
 the size of the array, the array must contain a terminating
 .Dv NUL
 character.
+.Pp
+If the
+.Cm l
+(ell) modifier is used, the
+.Vt "wchar_t *"
+argument is expected to be a pointer to an array of wide characters
+(pointer to a wide string).
+For each wide character in the string, the (potentially multi-byte)
+sequence representing the
+wide character is written, including any shift sequences.
+If any shift sequence is used, the shift state is also restored
+to the original state after the string.
+Wide characters from the array are written up to (but not including)
+a terminating wide
+.Dv NUL
+character;
+if a precision is specified, no more than the number of bytes specified are
+written (including shift sequences).
+Partial characters are never written.
+If a precision is given, no null character
+need be present; if the precision is not specified, or is greater than
+the number of bytes required to render the multibyte representation of
+the string, the array must contain a terminating wide
+.Dv NUL
+character.
 .It Cm p
 The
-.Vt void *
+.Vt "void *"
 pointer argument is printed in hexadecimal (as if by
 .Ql %#x
 or
@@ -519,7 +699,7 @@
 .It Cm n
 The number of characters written so far is stored into the
 integer indicated by the
-.Vt int *
+.Vt "int *"
 (or variant) pointer argument.
 No argument is converted.
 .It Cm %
@@ -532,8 +712,13 @@
 .Ql %% .
 .El
 .Pp
+The decimal point
+character is defined in the program's locale (category
+.Dv LC_NUMERIC ) .
+.Pp
 In no case does a non-existent or small field width cause truncation of
-a field; if the result of a conversion is wider than the field width, the
+a numeric field; if the result of a conversion is wider than the field
+width, the
 field is expanded to contain the conversion result.
 .Sh EXAMPLES
 To print a date and time in the form
@@ -564,21 +749,134 @@
 #include <stdarg.h>
 char *newfmt(const char *fmt, ...)
 {
-		char *p;
-		va_list ap;
-		if ((p = malloc(128)) == NULL)
-			return (NULL);
-		va_start(ap, fmt);
-		(void) vsnprintf(p, 128, fmt, ap);
-		va_end(ap);
-		return (p);
+	char *p;
+	va_list ap;
+	if ((p = malloc(128)) == NULL)
+		return (NULL);
+	va_start(ap, fmt);
+	(void) vsnprintf(p, 128, fmt, ap);
+	va_end(ap);
+	return (p);
 }
 .Ed
+.Sh SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS
+The
+.Fn sprintf
+and
+.Fn vsprintf
+functions are easily misused in a manner which enables malicious users
+to arbitrarily change a running program's functionality through
+a buffer overflow attack.
+Because
+.Fn sprintf
+and
+.Fn vsprintf
+assume an infinitely long string,
+callers must be careful not to overflow the actual space;
+this is often hard to assure.
+For safety, programmers should use the
+.Fn snprintf
+interface instead.
+For example:
+.Bd -literal
+void
+foo(const char *arbitrary_string, const char *and_another)
+{
+	char onstack[8];
+
+#ifdef BAD
+	/*
+	 * This first sprintf is bad behavior.  Do not use sprintf!
+	 */
+	sprintf(onstack, "%s, %s", arbitrary_string, and_another);
+#else
+	/*
+	 * The following two lines demonstrate better use of
+	 * snprintf().
+	 */
+	snprintf(onstack, sizeof(onstack), "%s, %s", arbitrary_string,
+	    and_another);
+#endif
+}
+.Ed
+.Pp
+The
+.Fn printf
+and
+.Fn sprintf
+family of functions are also easily misused in a manner
+allowing malicious users to arbitrarily change a running program's
+functionality by either causing the program
+to print potentially sensitive data
+.Dq "left on the stack" ,
+or causing it to generate a memory fault or bus error
+by dereferencing an invalid pointer.
+.Pp
+.Cm %n
+can be used to write arbitrary data to potentially carefully-selected
+addresses.
+Programmers are therefore strongly advised to never pass untrusted strings
+as the
+.Fa format
+argument, as an attacker can put format specifiers in the string
+to mangle your stack,
+leading to a possible security hole.
+This holds true even if the string was built using a function like
+.Fn snprintf ,
+as the resulting string may still contain user-supplied conversion specifiers
+for later interpolation by
+.Fn printf .
+.Pp
+Always use the proper secure idiom:
+.Pp
+.Dl "snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), \*q%s\*q, string);"
+.Sh COMPATIBILITY
+The conversion formats
+.Cm \&%D , \&%O ,
+and
+.Cm %U
+are not standard and
+are provided only for backward compatibility.
+The effect of padding the
+.Cm %p
+format with zeros (either by the
+.Cm 0
+flag or by specifying a precision), and the benign effect (i.e., none)
+of the
+.Cm #
+flag on
+.Cm %n
+and
+.Cm %p
+conversions, as well as other
+nonsensical combinations such as
+.Cm %Ld ,
+are not standard; such combinations
+should be avoided.
+.Sh ERRORS
+In addition to the errors documented for the
+.Xr write 2
+system call, the
+.Fn printf
+family of functions may fail if:
+.Bl -tag -width Er
+.It Bq Er EILSEQ
+An invalid wide character code was encountered.
+.It Bq Er ENOMEM
+Insufficient storage space is available.
+.El
 .Sh SEE ALSO
 .Xr printf 1 ,
-.Xr scanf 3
+.Xr printf_l 3 ,
+.Xr fmtcheck 3 ,
+.Xr scanf 3 ,
+.Xr setlocale 3 ,
+.Xr stdarg 3 ,
+.Xr wprintf 3
 .Sh STANDARDS
-The
+Subject to the caveats noted in the
+.Sx BUGS
+section below, the
 .Fn fprintf ,
 .Fn printf ,
 .Fn sprintf ,
@@ -588,7 +886,21 @@
 .Fn vsprintf
 functions
 conform to
-.St -isoC .
+.St -ansiC
+and
+.St -isoC-99 .
+With the same reservation, the
+.Fn snprintf
+and
+.Fn vsnprintf
+functions conform to
+.St -isoC-99 ,
+while
+.Fn dprintf
+and
+.Fn vdprintf
+conform to
+.St -p1003.1-2008 .
 .Sh HISTORY
 The functions
 .Fn asprintf
@@ -606,38 +918,15 @@
 .An Todd C. Miller Aq Todd.Miller@courtesan.com
 for
 .Ox 2.3 .
+The
+.Fn dprintf
+and
+.Fn vdprintf
+functions were added in
+.Fx 8.0 .
 .Sh BUGS
-The conversion formats
-.Cm \&%D , \&%O ,
-and
-.Cm %U
-are not standard and
-are provided only for backward compatibility.
-The effect of padding the
-.Cm %p
-format with zeros (either by the
-.Cm 0
-flag or by specifying a precision), and the benign effect (i.e., none)
-of the
-.Cm #
-flag on
-.Cm %n
-and
-.Cm %p
-conversions, as well as other
-nonsensical combinations such as
-.Cm %Ld ,
-are not standard; such combinations
-should be avoided.
-.Pp
-Because
-.Fn sprintf
-and
-.Fn vsprintf
-assume an infinitely long string,
-callers must be careful not to overflow the actual space;
-this is often hard to assure.
-For safety, programmers should use the
-.Fn snprintf
-interface instead.
-Unfortunately, this interface is not portable.
+The
+.Nm
+family of functions do not correctly handle multibyte characters in the
+.Fa format
+argument.