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.\"     @(#)strftime.3	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/4/93
.\" $FreeBSD: src/lib/libc/stdtime/strftime.3,v 1.40 2008/05/16 04:33:04 grog Exp $
.\"
.Dd November 4, 2004
.Dt STRFTIME 3
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm strftime ,
.Nm strftime_l
.Nd format date and time
.Sh LIBRARY
.Lb libc
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.In time.h
.Ft size_t
.Fo strftime
.Fa "char *restrict s"
.Fa "size_t maxsize"
.Fa "const char *restrict format"
.Fa "const struct tm *restrict timeptr"
.Fc
.In time.h
.In xlocale.h
.Ft size_t
.Fo strftime_l
.Fa "char *restrict s"
.Fa "size_t maxsize"
.Fa "const char *restrict format"
.Fa "const struct tm *restrict timeptr"
.Fa "locale_t loc"
.Fc
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Fn strftime
function formats the information from
.Fa timeptr
into the buffer
.Fa s ,
according to the string pointed to by
.Fa format .
.Pp
The
.Fa format
string consists of zero or more conversion specifications and
ordinary characters.
All ordinary characters are copied directly into the buffer.
A conversion specification consists of a percent sign
.Dq Ql %
and one other character.
.Pp
No more than
.Fa maxsize
characters will be placed into the array.
If the total number of resulting characters, including the terminating
NUL character, is not more than
.Fa maxsize ,
.Fn strftime
returns the number of characters in the array, not counting the
terminating NUL.
Otherwise, zero is returned and the buffer contents are indeterminate.
.Pp
Although the
.Fn strftime
function uses the current locale, the
.Fn strftime_l
function may be passed a locale directly. See
.Xr xlocale 3
for more information.
.Pp
The conversion specifications are copied to the buffer after expansion
as follows:-
.Bl -tag -width "xxxx"
.It Cm \&%A
is replaced by national representation of the full weekday name.
.It Cm %a
is replaced by national representation of
the abbreviated weekday name.
.It Cm \&%B
is replaced by national representation of the full month name.
.It Cm %b
is replaced by national representation of
the abbreviated month name.
.It Cm \&%C
is replaced by (year / 100) as decimal number; single
digits are preceded by a zero.
.It Cm %c
is replaced by national representation of time and date.
.It Cm \&%D
is equivalent to
.Dq Li %m/%d/%y .
.It Cm %d
is replaced by the day of the month as a decimal number (01-31).
.It Cm %E* %O*
POSIX locale extensions.
The sequences
%Ec %EC %Ex %EX %Ey %EY
%Od %Oe %OH %OI %Om %OM
%OS %Ou %OU %OV %Ow %OW %Oy
are supposed to provide alternate
representations.
.Pp
Additionally %OB implemented
to represent alternative months names
(used standalone, without day mentioned).
.It Cm %e
is replaced by the day of the month as a decimal number (1-31); single
digits are preceded by a blank.
.It Cm \&%F
is equivalent to
.Dq Li %Y-%m-%d .
.It Cm \&%G
is replaced by a year as a decimal number with century.
This year is the one that contains the greater part of
the week (Monday as the first day of the week).
.It Cm %g
is replaced by the same year as in
.Dq Li %G ,
but as a decimal number without century (00-99).
.It Cm \&%H
is replaced by the hour (24-hour clock) as a decimal number (00-23).
.It Cm %h
the same as
.Cm %b .
.It Cm \&%I
is replaced by the hour (12-hour clock) as a decimal number (01-12).
.It Cm %j
is replaced by the day of the year as a decimal number (001-366).
.It Cm %k
is replaced by the hour (24-hour clock) as a decimal number (0-23);
single digits are preceded by a blank.
.It Cm %l
is replaced by the hour (12-hour clock) as a decimal number (1-12);
single digits are preceded by a blank.
.It Cm \&%M
is replaced by the minute as a decimal number (00-59).
.It Cm %m
is replaced by the month as a decimal number (01-12).
.It Cm %n
is replaced by a newline.
.It Cm %O*
the same as
.Cm %E* .
.It Cm %p
is replaced by national representation of either
"ante meridiem" (a.m.)
or
"post meridiem" (p.m.)
as appropriate.
.It Cm \&%R
is equivalent to
.Dq Li %H:%M .
.It Cm %r
is equivalent to
.Dq Li %I:%M:%S %p .
.It Cm \&%S
is replaced by the second as a decimal number (00-60).
.It Cm %s
is replaced by the number of seconds since the Epoch, UTC (see
.Xr mktime 3 ) .
.It Cm \&%T
is equivalent to
.Dq Li %H:%M:%S .
.It Cm %t
is replaced by a tab.
.It Cm \&%U
is replaced by the week number of the year (Sunday as the first day of
the week) as a decimal number (00-53).
.It Cm %u
is replaced by the weekday (Monday as the first day of the week)
as a decimal number (1-7).
.It Cm \&%V
is replaced by the week number of the year (Monday as the first day of
the week) as a decimal number (01-53).
If the week containing January
1 has four or more days in the new year, then it is week 1; otherwise
it is the last week of the previous year, and the next week is week 1.
.It Cm %v
is equivalent to
.Dq Li %e-%b-%Y .
.It Cm \&%W
is replaced by the week number of the year (Monday as the first day of
the week) as a decimal number (00-53).
.It Cm %w
is replaced by the weekday (Sunday as the first day of the week)
as a decimal number (0-6).
.It Cm \&%X
is replaced by national representation of the time.
.It Cm %x
is replaced by national representation of the date.
.It Cm \&%Y
is replaced by the year with century as a decimal number.
.It Cm %y
is replaced by the year without century as a decimal number (00-99).
.It Cm \&%Z
is replaced by the time zone name.
.It Cm %z
is replaced by the time zone offset from UTC; a leading plus sign stands for
east of UTC, a minus sign for west of UTC, hours and minutes follow
with two digits each and no delimiter between them (common form for
RFC 822 date headers).
.It Cm %+
is replaced by national representation of the date and time
(the format is similar to that produced by
.Xr date 1 ) .
.It Cm %-*
GNU libc extension.
Do not do any padding when performing numerical outputs.
.It Cm %_*
GNU libc extension.
Explicitly specify space for padding.
.It Cm %0*
GNU libc extension.
Explicitly specify zero for padding.
.It Cm %%
is replaced by
.Ql % .
.El
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr date 1 ,
.Xr printf 1 ,
.Xr ctime 3 ,
.Xr printf 3 ,
.Xr strptime 3 ,
.Xr wcsftime 3 ,
.Xr xlocale 3
.Sh STANDARDS
The
.Fn strftime
function
conforms to
.St -isoC
with a lot of extensions including
.Ql %C ,
.Ql \&%D ,
.Ql %E* ,
.Ql %e ,
.Ql %G ,
.Ql %g ,
.Ql %h ,
.Ql %k ,
.Ql %l ,
.Ql %n ,
.Ql %O* ,
.Ql \&%R ,
.Ql %r ,
.Ql %s ,
.Ql \&%T ,
.Ql %t ,
.Ql %u ,
.Ql \&%V ,
.Ql %z ,
and
.Ql %+ .
.Pp
The peculiar week number and year in the replacements of
.Ql %G ,
.Ql %g ,
and
.Ql \&%V
are defined in ISO 8601: 1988.
.Sh BUGS
There is no conversion specification for the phase of the moon.
.Pp
The
.Fn strftime
function does not correctly handle multibyte characters in the
.Fa format
argument.